Collybiopsis peronata

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Collybiopsis peronata
Collybia peronata 20070812wb.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Omphalotaceae
Genus: Collybiopsis
Species:
C. peronata
Binomial name
Collybiopsis peronata
(Bolton) R.H. Petersen (2021)
Synonyms
Collybiopsis peronata
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svg Cap is convex
Free gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free
Bare stipe icon.svg Stipe is bare
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is white
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Caution.pngEdibility is not recommended

Collybiopsis peronata, also known as wood woolly-foot, is a species of gilled mushroom which is common in European woods. [1] [2]

Contents

Naming

This species was originally described by James Bolton in his 1788 book "An history of fungusses, growing about Halifax" as Agaricus peronatus at a time when all gilled mushrooms were assigned to genus Agaricus. [3] Then in 1821 another Englishman, Samuel Frederick Gray published his "Natural Arrangement of British Plants" (including fungi) in which he allocated the species to the already existing genus Gymnopus. [4]

In 1791 Bulliard described the same species as Agaricus urens, the epithet "urens" ("burning") referring to the acrid taste, and in 1836 Fries put it genus Marasmius . Also in 1871 Paul Kummer put this mushroom in genus Collybia , giving it the name Collybia peronata. For many years it was known either as Marasmius urens or Collybia peronata (or sometimes Marasmius peronatus or Collybia urens). The peronatus and urens forms have been distinguished as different species, urens having a lighter-coloured cap, but this view is outdated. [5] [6]

In much later work culminating in 1997, Antonín and Noordeloos found that the genus Collybia as defined at that time was unsatisfactory due to being polyphyletic and they proposed a fundamental rearrangement. After being placed in a resurrected genus Gymnopus, this species is now accepted as being classified in the genus Collybiopsis. [7]

The species name peronata indicates that the stem is "booted" with a hairy covering below (from the Latin peronatus meaning "rough-booted"). [8]

Description

Yellowish specimens Gymnopus peronatus 130919w.JPG
Yellowish specimens

The following sections use the given references throughout. [9] [10] [6] [11]

General

Microscopic characteristics

Distribution, habitat & ecology

This saprobic mushroom grows generally in smaller or larger clumps on leaves or needles in deciduous or coniferous woods and may be found from May to December. [13]

It is common throughout Europe, and has also been reported from a few sites in America and Japan. [14]

Edibility

This fungus is generally regarded as inedible, mainly because of its peppery or acrid taste, and has little human impact. However, according to one Spanish web site it may be dried, ground up, and used as a condiment. [5] One 1948 paper states that this species generates hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in detectable amounts, suggesting that it is poisonous. However the same paper lists other mushrooms normally considered edible, such as Infundibulicybe geotropa , as having the same characteristic, so it is difficult to know how much significance to attribute to this observation. [15]

Related Research Articles

<i>Collybia nuda</i> Species of mushroom

Collybia nuda, commonly known as the blewit or wood blewit and previously described as Lepista nuda and Clitocybe nuda, is an edible mushroom native to Europe and North America. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, it was also known as Tricholoma nudum for many years. It is found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands. It is a fairly distinctive mushroom that is widely eaten. It has been cultivated in Britain, the Netherlands and France. This species was reassigned to the genus Collybia in 2023.

<i>Gymnopus dryophilus</i> Species of fungus

Gymnopus dryophilus is a mushroom commonly found in temperate woodlands of Europe and North America. It is generally saprophytic, but occasionally also attacks living wood. It belongs to section Levipedes of the genus, being characterized by a smooth stem having no hairs at the base. Until recently it was most frequently known as Collybia dryophila.

<i>Marasmius oreades</i> Species of fungus

Marasmius oreades, also known as the fairy ring mushroom, fairy ring champignon or Scotch bonnet, is a mushroom native to North America and Europe. Its common names can cause some confusion, as many other mushrooms grow in fairy rings, such as the edible Agaricus campestris and the poisonous Chlorophyllum molybdites.

<i>Lactarius vietus</i> Species of fungus

Lactarius vietus is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae, first described by Elias Magnus Fries. It produces moderately sized and brittle mushrooms, which grow on the forest floor or on rotting wood. The flattened-convex cap can vary in shape, sometimes forming the shape of a wide funnel. It is typically grey, but the colour varies. The species has crowded, light-coloured gills, which produce white milk. The spore print is typically whitish, but also varies considerably. The mushrooms typically have a strong, acrid taste and have been described as inedible, but other authors have described them as consumable after boiling. L. vietus feeds by forming an ectomycorrhizal relationship with surrounding trees, and it favours birch. It grows in autumn months and is fairly common in Europe, North America and eastern Asia.

<i>Collybia</i> Genus of fungi

Collybia is a genus of mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus has a widespread but rare distribution in northern temperate areas, and contains three species that grow on the decomposing remains of other mushrooms.

<i>Galerina sulciceps</i> Species of fungus

Galerina sulciceps is a dangerously toxic species of fungus in the family Strophariaceae, of the order Agaricales. It is distributed in tropical Indonesia and India, but has reportedly been found fruiting in European greenhouses on occasion. More toxic than the deathcap, G. sulciceps has been shown to contain the toxins alpha- (α-), beta- (β-) and gamma- (γ-) amanitin; a series of poisonings in Indonesia in the 1930s resulted in 14 deaths from the consumption of this species. It has a typical "little brown mushroom" appearance, with few obvious external characteristics to help distinguish it from many other similar nondescript brown species. The fruit bodies of the fungus are tawny to ochre, deepening to reddish-brown at the base of the stem. The gills are well-separated, and there is no ring present on the stem.

<i>Dendrocollybia</i> Genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae

Dendrocollybia is a fungal genus in the family Tricholomataceae of the order Agaricales. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Dendrocollybia racemosa, commonly known as the branched collybia or the branched shanklet. The somewhat rare species is found in the Northern Hemisphere, including the Pacific Northwest region of western North America, and Europe, where it is included in several Regional Red Lists. It usually grows on the decaying fruit bodies of other agarics—such as Lactarius and Russula—although the host mushrooms may be decayed to the point of being difficult to recognize.

<i>Agaricus deserticola</i> Species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae endemic to southwestern and western North America

Agaricus deserticola, commonly known as the gasteroid agaricus, is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Found only in southwestern and western North America, A. deserticola is adapted for growth in dry or semi-arid habitats. The fruit bodies are secotioid, meaning the spores are not forcibly discharged, and the cap does not fully expand. Unlike other Agaricus species, A. deserticola does not develop true gills, but rather a convoluted and networked system of spore-producing tissue called a gleba. When the partial veil breaks or pulls away from the stem or the cap splits radially, the blackish-brown gleba is exposed, which allows the spores to be dispersed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Bolton</span> English naturalist, botanist, mycologist, and illustrator (1735–1799)

James Bolton was an English naturalist, botanist, mycologist, and illustrator.

<i>Crinipellis zonata</i> Species of fungus

Crinipellis zonata, commonly known as the zoned Crinipellis or the zoned-cap Collybia, is a species of gilled mushroom in the family Marasmiaceae. Though considered a little brown mushroom of unknown edibility, it is distinctive because of its thick covering of coarse hairs, and differentiated from other members of Crinipellis by its slightly larger cap size, which reaches up to 25 mm (1.0 in) in diameter. The white gills on the underside of the cap are crowded closely together, and are free from attachment to the stem. Saprobic, it grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees from late summer to autumn. The fungus is found commonly in eastern North America, but has also been collected in Portugal and Korea. The variety C. zonata var. cremoricolor, found in eastern North America, may be distinguished microscopically by its longer spores.

<i>Collybia tuberosa</i> Species of fungus

Collybia tuberosa, commonly known as the lentil shanklet or the appleseed coincap, is an inedible species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae, and the type species of the genus Collybia. Like the two other members of its genus, it lives on the decomposing remains of other fleshy mushrooms. The fungus produces small whitish fruit bodies with caps up to 1 cm (0.4 in) wide held by thin stems up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long. On the underside of the cap are closely spaced white gills that are broadly attached to the stem. At the base of the stem, embedded in the substrate is a small reddish-brown sclerotium that somewhat resembles an apple seed. The appearance of the sclerotium distinguishes it from the other two species of Collybia, which are otherwise very similar in overall appearance. C. tuberosa is found in Europe, North America, and Japan, growing in dense clusters on species of Lactarius and Russula, boletes, hydnums, and polypores.

<i>Asterophora parasitica</i> Species of fungus

Asterophora parasitica, commonly known as the parasitic Asterophora or the Russula parasite, is a species of fungus that grows as a parasite on other mushrooms. The fruit bodies are small, with silky fibers on the surface of grayish caps and thick, widely spaced gills. Mushrooms fruit in clusters on the decaying remains of Lactarius and Russula species, particularly those in the Russula nigricans group. Found primarily in temperate zones of Europe and North America, the fungus is widespread but not common.

<i>Gymnopus fusipes</i> Species of fungus

Gymnopus fusipes is a parasitic species of gilled mushroom which is quite common in Europe and often grows in large clumps. It is variable but easy to recognize because the stipe soon becomes distinctively tough, bloated and ridged.

<i>Mycetinis scorodonius</i> Species of fungus

Mycetinis scorodonius is one of the garlic-scented mushrooms formerly in the genus Marasmius, having a beige cap of up to 3 cm and a tough slender stipe.

<i>Rhizomarasmius setosus</i> Species of fungus

Rhizomarasmius setosus is a tiny whitish mushroom having a distinctive hairy stem. It has been given the vernacular name "Beechleaf Parachute".

<i>Infundibulicybe gibba</i> Species of gilled mushroom

Infundibulicybe gibba, and commonly known as the common funnel or funnel cap, is a species of gilled mushroom which is common in European woods.

<i>Marasmius cohaerens</i> Species of gilled mushroom

Marasmius cohaerens is a species of gilled mushroom which is fairly common in European woods.

<i>Marasmius wynneae</i> Species of gilled mushroom

Marasmius wynneae is a species of gilled mushroom found in European woods.

Gymnopus herinkii is a rare species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Omphalotaceae. It was described in 1998 by mycologists Vladimír Antonín and Machiel Noordeloos. The type specimen was from a collection made in the Lenora region of Bohemia, made by Czech mycologists Jiří Kubička and Josef Herink in 1952; the latter is acknowledged in the species epithet. Marcel Bon proposed a transfer to the genus Collybia in 1998.

<i>Collybiopsis confluens</i> Species of fungus

Collybiopsis confluens, commonly known as the clustered toughshank, is a type of mushroom from the Omphalotaceae family. The fruiting body appears from summer until autumn in deciduous and coniferous forests. Collybiopsis confluens is not an edible mushroom.

References

  1. Roger Phillips (1981). The Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain and Europe. Book Club Associates. p. 57.
  2. "Gymnopus peronatus (Bolton) Gray - Wood Woollyfoot". First Nature. Pat O'Reilly. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
  3. James Bolton (1788). An history of fungusses, growing about Halifax. Vol. 2. Halifax: James Bolton. p. 58. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5394.
  4. Samuel Frederick Gray (1821). A natural arrangement of British plants ... Vol. 1. London: Baldwin, Craddock & Joy. p. 607.
  5. 1 2 "Gymnopus peronatus". Asociación Micológica El Royo (in Spanish). Asociación Micológica El Royo. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
  6. 1 2 Knudsen, H.; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2008). Funga Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 300. ISBN   978-87-983961-3-0.
  7. "Species Fungorum - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  8. Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. "pērōnātus". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  9. Marcel Bon (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 178. ISBN   0-340-39935-X.
  10. Courtecuisse, R.; Duhem, B. (2013). Champignons de France et d'Europe (in French). Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 260. ISBN   978-2-603-02038-8. Also available in English.
  11. Meinhard Moser (1983). Keys to Agarics and Boleti. Translated by Simon Plant. London: Roger Phillips. p. 152. ISBN   0-9508486-0-3.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 119. ISBN   978-0-88192-935-5.
  13. "Gymnopus peronatus" (PDF). Champignons de Charente-Maritime, Charente et Deux-Sèvres (in French). Patrice Tanchaud. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
  14. See the Global Biodiversity Information Facility page, which provides hyperlinks to records with geographical location.
  15. Bach, Erna (1948). "Marasmius peronatus and Marasmius perforans form hydrocyanic acid" (PDF). Friesia . 3 (5): 377–378.