Conus textile

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Conus textile
Textile cone.JPG
A live individual of Conus textile, head end towards the right
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Conidae
Genus: Conus
Species:
C. textile
Binomial name
Conus textile
Synonyms [2]

See "List of synonyms"

Apertural view of Conus textile textile forma archiepiscopus Conus textile archiepiscopus 001.jpg
Apertural view of Conus textile textile forma archiepiscopus

Conus textile, the textile cone or the cloth of gold cone [3] is a venomous species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones. Textile cone snails live mostly in the Indian Ocean, along the eastern coast of Africa and around Australia. [4]

Contents

Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all. Based on a report in 2004, about 30 human deaths have been attributed to cone snails. [5] In 2021, a Queensland teen nearly died after picking up a live textile cone. [6]

List of synonyms

Subspecies

Shell description

Conus textile, holotype of Conus dilectus at the Smithsonian Institution Conus textile 001.jpg
Conus textile, holotype of Conus dilectus at the Smithsonian Institution

Typical length of adults is about 9 cm to 10 cm (3.5 in to 3.9 in). [2] The maximum shell length for this species is 15 cm (5.9 in). [7] The color pattern of its shell resembles a cellular automaton [8] named Rule 30. [9] The color of the shell is yellowish brown, with undulating longitudinal lines of brownness, interrupted by triangular white spaces. These last are irregularly disposed, but crowded at the shoulder, base and middle so as to form bands. The spire is similarly marked. The aperture is white. [10]

Distribution

C. textile lives in the waters of the Red Sea, the tropical Indo-Pacific, off Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia), New Zealand, the Indian Ocean from eastern Africa to Hawaii, and French Polynesia. [11] In Australia, C. textile is more commonly found in northern Queensland, but sightings are increasingly found further south into New South Wales due to warmer ocean temperatures associated with climate change. [12]

Ecology

Habitat

C. textile may be found in estuaries, on rocky shores and in rockpools. During the day they are usually buried in sand, and emerge to feed at night. [12]

Life cycle

The female lays several hundred eggs at a time, which hatch after about 16 or 17 days. After hatching, the larvae float around in the current for approximately 16 days. Afterward, they settle at the bottom of the ocean. By this point their length is about 1.5 mm (0.06 in). [13]

Feeding habits

C. textile is a carnivorous species, and uses a radula (a biological microscopic needle) to inject a conotoxin to kill its prey. Its venom contains the neurotoxin RPRFamide. C. textile eats snails. [14] The proboscis, the tip of which holds the harpoon-like radular tooth, is capable of being extended to any part of its own shell. The living animal is a risk to any person handling it who has not taken proper care to protect exposed skin. Several human deaths have been attributed to this species. [15]

Related Research Articles

<i>Conus marmoreus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus marmoreus, common name the "marbled cone", is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones. It is the type species for the genus Conus. This is a species which is believed to feed mostly on marine molluscs including other cone snails. This snail is venomous, like all cone snails.

<i>Conus leopardus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus leopardus, common name the leopard cone, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells, or cones.

<i>Conus ammiralis</i> Species of sea snail

Conus ammiralis, common name the admiral cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus betulinus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus betulinus, common name the betuline cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus generalis</i> Species of sea snail

Conus generalis, common name the general cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus glans</i> Species of sea snail

Conus glans, common name the acorn cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus imperialis</i> Species of sea snail

Conus imperialis, common name the imperial cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus omaria</i> Species of sea snail

Conus omaria, common name the Omaria cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus spectrum</i> Species of sea snail

Conus spectrum, common name the spectre cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus striatus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus striatus, common name the striated cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus tulipa</i> Species of sea snail

Conus tulipa, common name the tulip cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus varius</i> Species of sea snail

Conus varius, common name the freckled cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus virgo</i> Species of sea snail

Conus virgo is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus magus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus magus, common name the magical cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Cylinder</i> (gastropod) Subgenus of gastropods

Cylinder is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Darioconus</i> Subgenus of gastropods

Darioconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Dendroconus</i> Subgenus of gastropods

Dendroconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Eugeniconus</i> Subgenus of gastropods

Eugeniconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus ventricosus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus ventricosus, common name the Mediterranean cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lividoconus</span> Subgenus of gastropods

Lividoconus is a subgenus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Conus, family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

References

  1. ↑ Duda, T. (2013). "Conus textile". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2013: e.T192316A2071675. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T192316A2071675.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 "World Register of Marine Species". Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758. 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  3. ↑ "Conus textile". Archived from the original on July 17, 2003. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  4. ↑ Peters, Howard; O'Leary, Bethan C.; Hawkins, Julie P.; Carpenter, Kent E.; Roberts, Callum M. (2013-12-23). "Conus: First Comprehensive Conservation Red List Assessment of a Marine Gastropod Mollusc Genus". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e83353. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...883353P. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083353 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   3871662 . PMID   24376693.
  5. ↑ Nelson, Laura (2004-06-01). "One slip, and you're dead..." Nature. 429 (6994): 798–799. doi: 10.1038/429798a . ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   15215832. S2CID   1698214.
  6. ↑ "Teen nearly dies after holding venomous "shell" that can kill 700 people". Newsweek. 2021-04-27. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
  7. ↑ Poutiers, J. M. (1998). "Gastropods". In Carpenter, K. E. (ed.). The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Vol. 1. Rome: FAO. p. 628. ISBN   92-5-104051-6.
  8. ↑ Weisstein, Eric W. "Cellular Automaton". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2024-07-07.
  9. ↑ Stephen Coombes (February 2009). "The Geometry and Pigmentation of Seashells" (PDF). www.maths.nottingham.ac.uk. University of Nottingham . Retrieved 2013-04-10.
  10. ↑ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI, p. 90; 1879
  11. ↑ "Online Learning Center: Textile Cone Snail". Aquarium of the Pacific. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
  12. 1 2 Deadly cone snail found on NSW North Coast as east coast sightings increase ABC News , 20 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  13. ↑ "Textile Cone Snail". Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
  14. ↑ Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758. Textile cone, 107 mm
  15. ↑ Cloth-of-Gold (Full Screen, Please) Archived 2012-02-10 at the Wayback Machine

Literature

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