Cornus obliqua

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Cornus obliqua
Cornus obliqua 15-p.bot-cornus.obli-01.jpg
Cornus obliqua
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Cornales
Family: Cornaceae
Genus: Cornus
Subgenus: Cornus subg. Kraniopsis
Species:
C. obliqua
Binomial name
Cornus obliqua
Raf.
Synonyms
  • Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua(Raf.) J.S.Wilson
  • Cornus purpusiiKoehne
  • Swida obliqua(Raf.) Moldenke
  • Swida purpusii(Koehne) Soják
  • Thelycrania purpusii(Koehne) Pojark.

Cornus obliqua, the blue-fruited dogwood, silky dogwood, or pale dogwood, is a flowering shrub of eastern North America in the dogwood family, Cornaceae. [1] [2] [3] It is sometimes considered a subspecies of Cornus amomum , which is also known as silky dogwood. [4] [5] It was first described in 1820 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. [6] It is in the subgenus Kraniopsis . [7]

Contents

Description

Cornus obliqua is a medium to large shrub that typically grows to a height of 6 to 12 feet (1.8 to 3.7 meters) and has a similar spread. The plant is characterized by its slender, arching stems and oval-shaped leaves. The leaves are simple, opposite, and arranged in an alternate pattern on the stems. They are dark green in color and turn shades of red and purple in the fall, creating a beautiful autumn display.

The most distinctive feature of Cornus obliqua is its small, creamy white flowers. These flowers are borne in flat-topped clusters, known as cymes, and appear in late spring to early summer. The flowers are attractive to pollinators, particularly butterflies and native bees.

Following the flowering period, the plant produces clusters of small, bluish-black drupes that provide food for various wildlife species, including birds and small mammals. [8]

Distribution and Habitat

Silky dogwood is native to a wide range of regions in eastern North America, spanning from eastern Canada to Florida and west to Texas. It can be found in various types of wetlands, including swamps, bogs, and riparian areas. Cornus obliqua is well adapted to wet conditions and often serves as a valuable species for stabilizing soil along streambanks and preventing erosion.

Ecological Importance

The ecological significance of Cornus obliqua lies in its ability to provide habitat and food for a diverse range of wildlife. The dense shrubbery and the fruit of the plant offer nesting sites and sustenance for many bird species, such as warblers, thrushes, and sparrows. Additionally, the shrub's cover is suitable for various small mammals and amphibians.

In addition to its importance in wildlife habitat, silky dogwood plays a vital role in wetland restoration and erosion control projects. Its extensive root system helps prevent soil erosion, and it contributes to the overall health and stability of wetland ecosystems.

Landscaping and Horticultural Use

Cornus obliqua is often employed in landscaping for its aesthetic appeal. It is utilized in a variety of settings, including naturalized plantings, rain gardens, and wildlife gardens. Its striking flowers, colorful foliage, and attractive fruit make it a popular choice for adding visual interest to gardens and landscapes. The plant is relatively low maintenance, making it suitable for both amateur and experienced gardeners. [9]

Conservation Status

As a native species with a broad distribution, silky dogwood is not currently considered threatened or endangered. However, the destruction and degradation of wetland habitats through urban development and other activities can negatively impact its populations. Conservation efforts to protect and restore wetlands are important for ensuring the continued presence of Cornus obliqua in the wild. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cornaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Cornaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. The family contains approximately 85 species in two genera, Alangium and Cornus. They are mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen, although a few species are perennial herbs. Members of the family usually have opposite or alternate simple leaves, four- or five-parted flowers clustered in inflorescences or pseudanthia, and drupaceous fruits. The family is primarily distributed in northern temperate regions and tropical Asia. In northern temperate areas, Cornaceae are well known from the dogwoods Cornus.

<i>Cornus florida</i> Species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae

Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood, is a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico. An endemic population once spanned from southernmost coastal Maine south to northern Florida and west to the Mississippi River. The tree is commonly planted as an ornamental in residential and public areas because of its showy bracts and interesting bark structure.

<i>Cornus</i> Genus of flowering plants in the dogwood family Cornaceae

Cornus is a genus of about 30–60 species of woody plants in the family Cornaceae, commonly known as dogwoods, which can generally be distinguished by their blossoms, berries, and distinctive bark. Most are deciduous trees or shrubs, but a few species are nearly herbaceous perennial subshrubs, and some species are evergreen. Several species have small heads of inconspicuous flowers surrounded by an involucre of large, typically white petal-like bracts, while others have more open clusters of petal-bearing flowers. The various species of dogwood are native throughout much of temperate and boreal Eurasia and North America, with China, Japan, and the southeastern United States being particularly rich in native species.

<i>Ilex verticillata</i> Species of holly

Ilex verticillata, the winterberry, is a species of holly native to eastern North America in the United States and southeast Canada, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to Alabama.

<i>Cornus canadensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Cornus canadensis is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to eastern Asia and North America. Common names include Canadian dwarf cornel, Canadian bunchberry, quatre-temps, crackerberry, and creeping dogwood. Unlike its relatives, which are for the most part substantial trees and shrubs, C. canadensis is a creeping, rhizomatous perennial growing to about 20 centimetres tall.

<i>Cornus racemosa</i> Species of tree

Cornus racemosa, the northern swamp dogwood, gray dogwood, or panicle dogwood, is a shrubby plant native to southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States. It is a member of the dogwood genus Cornus and the family Cornaceae.

<i>Cornus sericea</i> Species of flowering plant

Cornus sericea, the red osier or red-osier dogwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cornaceae, native to much of North America. It has sometimes been considered a synonym of the Asian species Cornus alba. Other names include red brush, red willow, redstem dogwood, redtwig dogwood, red-rood, American dogwood, creek dogwood, and western dogwood.

<i>Cornus alternifolia</i> Species of tree

Cornus alternifolia is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to southern Manitoba and Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Mississippi. It is rare in the southern United States. It is commonly known as green osier, alternate-leaved dogwood, and pagoda dogwood.

<i>Cornus suecica</i> Species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae

Cornus suecica, the dwarf cornel or bunchberry, is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of Europe and Asia, and also locally in extreme northeastern and northwestern North America.

<i>Cornus alba</i> Species of flowering plant

Cornus alba, the red-barked, white or Siberian dogwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cornaceae, native to Siberia, northern China and Korea. It is a large deciduous surculose (suckering) shrub that can be grown as a small tree. As a popular ornamental used in landscaping its notable features include the red stems in fall (autumn) through late winter, bright winter bark; and the variegated foliage in some cultivars, such as C. alba 'Elegantissima'. C. alba can grow to 3 m (10 ft) high, but variegated forms are less vigorous. For the brightest winter bark, young shoots are encouraged by cutting to the ground some older stems at the end of the winter, before leaves are open. The oval fruits are white, sometimes tinted blue.

<i>Cornus amomum</i> Species of flowering plant

Cornus amomum, the silky dogwood, is a species of dogwood native to the southern Ontario and eastern United States, from Michigan and Vermont south to Alabama and Florida. Other names include red willow, silky cornel, kinnikinnick, and squawbush.

<i>Cornus drummondii</i> Species of tree

Cornus drummondii, commonly known as the roughleaf dogwood, is a small deciduous tree that is native primarily to the Great Plains and Midwestern regions of the United States. It is also found around the Mississippi River. It is uncommon in the wild, and is mostly found around forest borders. The roughleaf dogwood is used as a buffer strip around parking lots, in the median of highways and near the decks and patios of homes. It can grow to a height of 15 to 25 feet with a spread of 10 to 15 feet. The roughleaf dogwood flowers during the summer months. It produces near-white four-petaled flowers that are followed by small white fruits, which ripen from August to October. These dogwoods can form a dense thicket that is used as cover for wildlife. Over forty species of birds are known to feed on the fruits.

<i>Sambucus racemosa</i> Species of plant

Sambucus racemosa is a species of elderberry known by the common names red elderberry and red-berried elder.

<i>Rubus pubescens</i> Berry and plant

Rubus pubescens is a herbaceous perennial widespread across much of Canada and the northern United States, from Alaska to Newfoundland, south as far as Oregon, Colorado, and West Virginia.

<i>Symphoricarpos albus</i> Species of flowering plant

Symphoricarpos albus is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family known by the common name common snowberry. Native to North America, it is browsed by some animals and planted for ornamental and ecological purposes, but is poisonous to humans.

<i>Spiraea virginiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Spiraea virginiana is a rare species of flowering plant in the rose family (Rosaceae) known by the common names Virginia meadowsweet and Virginia spiraea. It is native to the southern Appalachian Mountains, where it has a distribution scattered across nine states. However, most populations are very small and poor in quality. It is threatened by disturbances in the hydrology of its habitat, introduced species of plants, and other threats. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

<i>Cornus controversa</i> Species of tree

Cornus controversa, syn. Swida controversa, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Cornus of the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to China, Korea, the Himalayas and Japan. It is a deciduous tree growing to 50 ft (15 m), with multiple tiered branches. Flat panicles of white flowers appear in summer, followed by globose black fruit. Ovate dark green leaves are glaucous underneath and turn red-purple in autumn. It is cultivated in gardens and parks in temperate regions.

<i>Cornus foemina</i> Species of flowering plant

Cornus foemina is a species of flowering plant in the Cornaceae known by the common names stiff dogwood and swamp dogwood. It is native to parts of the eastern and southeastern United States.

<i>Cornus <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> unalaschkensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Cornus × unalaschkensis is a species of flowering plant in the Cornaceae, the dogwood family. Common names for the plant include Alaskan bunchberry, western cordilleran bunchberry, or simply western bunchberry.

Cornus × arnoldiana, the Arnold dogwood, is a hybrid dogwood native to eastern North America. It is reported from Ontario, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. It is a member of the dogwood genus Cornus and the family Cornaceae.

References

  1. Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  2. Murrell, Zack E.; Poindexter, Derick B. (2002). "Cornus obliqua". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 January 2019 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Cornus obliqua". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  4. "Cornus obliqua". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  5. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Cornus amomum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  6. "Cornus obliqua". ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  7. Zhiang, Qiu-Yun; Thomas, David T.; Zhang, Wenheng; Manchester, Steven R.; Murrell, Zack (2006). "Species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus (Cornaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence—implications for taxonomy and Tertiary intercontinental migration". Taxon. 55 (1).
  8. "USDA Plants Database" . Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  9. "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center" . Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  10. "Missouri Botanical Garden" . Retrieved 2023-10-16.