Cortinarius traganus

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Cortinarius traganus
2012-10-19 Cortinarius traganus (Fr.) Fr 273917.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Cortinariaceae
Genus: Cortinarius
Species:
C. traganus
Binomial name
Cortinarius traganus
Fr. (Fr.) (1838)
Synonyms [1]

Agaricus traganusFr. (1818)
Inoloma traganum(Fr.) Wünsche (1877)
Phlegmacium traganum(Fr.) M.M.Moser (1953)

Contents

Cortinarius traganus
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svg Cap is convex
Adnate gills icon2.svg Hymenium is adnate
Bare stipe icon.svg Stipe is bare
Mycorrhizal fungus.svgEcology is mycorrhizal
Mycomorphbox Inedible.pngEdibility is inedible

Cortinarius traganus, also known as the gassy webcap or lilac conifer cortinarius, [2] is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius . The mushrooms are characterized by their lilac color, the rusty-brown gills and spores, and rusty-brown flesh in the stem.

Taxonomy

The species was originally named Agaricus traganus by Elias Magnus Fries in 1818. [3] It is commonly known as the "gassy webcap" [4] the "lilac conifer Cortinarius", [5] or the "pungent Cort". [6]

Fries' protologue (1818) was very brief, but it mentions the main characteristics of the species now considered to be C. traganus: fruity-smelling basidiomata, pileus pale lilac, stipe purplish-white and bulbous, flesh yellow. Fries also referred to an illustration by Schaefer (1774), which then became the lectotype of the species. [3] [7] But the illustration of C. traganus was mixed, with most of the figures fitting the concept of C. traganus, but with some illustrations indicating characteristics of other species. Therefore, Liimatainen and colleagues designated a collection by Lindström from September 13, 1988, from a dry, sandy pine forest in Myran, Sweden, as the epitype due to the ambiguity of the material. [7]

Some authorities consider the American variant to be a distinct species, Cortinarius pyriodorus, reserving the name C. traganus for the European version. [5]

Description

Young specimens LilaDickfuss.JPG
Young specimens

The cap is 4–13 cm (1+5⁄8–5+1⁄8 in) in diameter, initially spherical to convex, with the margin rolled inward, then flattened, sometimes with large, broad, central umbo. [8] The margin often cracks star-like, particularly in dry weather. The mushroom is a pale azure violet to pale lilac color, soon bleaching and fading to tan brown or rusty brown. The cap is dry, silkily shiny or tomentose at the margin with membranaceous bronze fragments of the veil, the white fragments of which often adhere to the surface like scabs. Later the surface becomes cracked into small scales. The gills are sub-crowded, quite thick, broadly adnate, and often slightly emarginate (notched). [8] They are 7–15 mm (1⁄4–5⁄8 in) broad, slightly dirty violet when young but usually brown, with only faintly violet tint, later brown, dusted saffron ochre, and with lighter crenulate edge. The stem is 5–12 cm (2–4+3⁄4 in) long and 1–4 cm (3⁄8–1+5⁄8 in) thick, tough and thick, bulbously at the base, [8] and spongily stuffed inside. It is vivid violet for a long time in the upper part above the cortina, paler below, and covered with a tough, whitish, boot-like veil, which usually leaves upright zones on the stem. The cortina is violet. The flesh is saffron yellowish-brown to yellowish-brown from the beginning except at the tip of the stem where it is dirty violaceous, [8] or, unpleasantly, goats, so much so that it may induce vomiting in more sensitive individuals. It has a strong, bitter taste, particularly when young. [9] It has a fruity-like smell. [7]

The basidia (the spore-bearing cells) are 30–35 by 6.5–7.5  μm. The spore deposit is rusty brown. The spores are ellipsoid, covered with fine warts or dots, and measure 8–9 by 5–5.5 μm. [9]

Similar species

Cortinarius camphoratus is similar in appearance and is also violet, but it has pale violet gills which soon turn rusty, and a longer stem with paling flesh at the base. Its spores are also longer, warty, and measure 8.5–11 by 5–6 μm. [10] It has a pungent smell, somewhat different from that of C. traganus—similar to rotting potatoes. [11] Another lookalike species is Cortinarius muricinus with the cap either permanently violet or becoming rust-colored from the disc outward. The gills are initially blue, dirty cinnamon when old, and the stem violet lilac, with lighter fragments of the veil later turning rust-colored. Its spores measure 13–15 by 7–8 μm. [9]

Edibility

The mushroom has been variously reported as "mildly poisonous", [12] or indigestible. [5] It should not be consumed due to its similarity to deadly poisonous species. [8]

Distribution and habitat

Cortinarius traganus is a widespread species that is found in coniferous forests worldwide. It seems to prefer poorer soils, both siliceous and non-calcareous. It grows throughout the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. [9]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Cortinarius mucosus</i> Species of mushroom

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<i>Phlegmacium triumphans</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Cortinarius varius</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius varius, also known as the contrary webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The mushroom has orangish-yellow caps that reach up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter, and thick club-shaped stems up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long.

<i>Thaxterogaster purpurascens</i> Species of fungus

Thaxterogaster purpurascens is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. It is commonly known as the bruising webcap.

<i>Cortinarius infractus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius infractus, commonly known as the sooty-olive Cortinarius or the bitter webcap, is an inedible basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The fungus produces sooty-olive fruit bodies with sticky caps measuring up to 13 cm (5.1 in) in diameter. The fruit bodies contains alkaloids that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.

<i>Cortinarius delibutus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius delibutus, also known as the bluegill webcap or the yellow webcap, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Cortinarius. The fruit bodies are medium-sized, with shiny yellow caps on a sticky, yellow-banded club-shaped stem. The mushroom is found in Europe and North America, usually near birch or beech trees.

<i>Cortinarius cinnamomeus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius cinnamomeus, also known as the cinnamon webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The fungus produces brown fruit bodies with caps up to 6 cm (2.4 in) wide and stems up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long. The closely crowded gills underside the cap are initially yellow before turning brown. Cortinarius cinnamomeus is common in damp places in coniferous forests. It is distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

<i>Cortinarius anomalus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius anomalus, also known as the variable webcap, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Cortinarius. It produces a medium-sized mushroom with a grayish-brown cap up to 5 cm (2 in) wide, gray-violet gills and a whitish stem with pale yellow belts below. The mushroom grows solitarily or in scattered groups on the ground in deciduous and coniferous forests. It is found throughout the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere.

<i>Cortinarius praestans</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius praestans, also known as the goliath webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The mushroom has orangish-yellow caps that reach up to 20 cm (7.9 in) in diameter, and thick club-shaped stipes up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long. The edible mushroom is found in Europe.

<i>Cortinarius vanduzerensis</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius vanduzerensis is a species of mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae. Described as new to science in 1972, it is known only from the Pacific Northwest region of North America, where it grows under conifers such as spruce, hemlock, and Douglas-fir. The fruit bodies of the fungus, or mushrooms, have a slimy dark chestnut-brown cap that becomes deeply radially grooved or corrugated in maturity, and reaches diameters of up to 8 cm. The gills on the underside of the cap are initially pinkish-buff before becoming pale brown when the spores mature. The stem is lavender, measuring 10–18 cm (4–7 in) long and 1–2 cm thick. The mushroom produces a rusty-brown spore print, with individual spores measuring 12–14 by 7–8 micrometers. The edibility of the mushroom has not been determined, and it has been described as "much too slippery to be of value".

<i>Cortinarius camphoratus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius camphoratus, commonly known as the goatcheese webcap, is an agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The fungus is found in Europe and North America, where its fruit bodies (mushrooms) grow on the ground in a mycorrhizal association with spruce and firs in coniferous forests. Mushrooms are characterized by pale blue lilac colors when young, and a strong distinctive odor. Sources disagree as to the edibility of the mushroom, but they are generally not recommended for eating.

<i>Cortinarius iodes</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius iodes, commonly known as the spotted cort or the viscid violet cort, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The fruit bodies have small, slimy, purple caps up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter that develop yellowish spots and streaks in maturity. The gill color changes from violet to rusty or grayish brown as the mushroom matures. The species range includes eastern North America, Central America, northern South America, and northern Asia, where it grows on the ground in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous trees. The mushroom is not recommended for consumption. Cortinarius iodeoides, one of several potential lookalike species, can be distinguished from C. iodes by its bitter-tasting cap cuticle.

<i>Cortinarius cyanites</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius cyanites is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Cortinarius native to Europe.

<i>Phlegmacium glaucopus</i> Species of fungus

Phlegmacium glaucopus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. It is commonly known as the blue-foot webcap.

<i>Cortinarius sanguineus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius sanguineus, commonly known as the blood red webcap or blood red cortinarius, is a species of fungus in the genus Cortinarius.

<i>Cortinarius elatior</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius elatior is a species of mushroom native to Europe which is commonly known as the wrinkled webcap due to the cap's tendency to wrinkle with age.

<i>Cortinarius subsaniosus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius subsaniosus is a species of webcap mushroom known from north and central Europe, where it grows on sandy soil in association with willows. It produces small yellowish brown mushrooms. The species was described in 2020 by Kare Liimatainen and Tuula Niskanen. Its name refers to its affinity to C. saniosus, to which it is closely related. Along with five other British webcaps, C. subsaniosus was selected by Kew Gardens as a highlight of taxa described by the organisation's staff and affiliates in 2020.

<i>Cortinarius britannicus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius britannicus is a species of webcap. It is known only from Scotland, where it was found on clay soil among mosses under beech. The species produces small, purplish mushrooms. Along with five other British webcaps, C. britannicus was selected by Kew Gardens as a highlight of taxa described by the organisation's staff and affiliates in 2020.

<i>Cortinarius ainsworthii</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius ainsworthii is a species of webcap. It is known from central and Northern Europe, where it grows in a variety of habitats. The species was first described in 2020, and was named in honour of the mycologist A. Martyn Ainsworth. Along with five other British webcaps, C. ainsworthii was selected by Kew Gardens as a highlight of taxa described by the organisation's staff and affiliates in 2020.

References

  1. ↑ "Cortinarius traganus (Fr.) Fr". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
  2. ↑ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. p. 447. ISBN   978-0-89815-169-5.
  3. 1 2 "Agaricus traganus Fr". www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
  4. ↑ "Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK" (PDF). British Mycological Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
  5. 1 2 3 Arora D. (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: a Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 447. ISBN   0-89815-169-4.
  6. ↑ Bessette A, Bessette AR, Fischer DW (1997). Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 112. ISBN   978-0-8156-0388-7.
  7. 1 2 3 Liimatainen, Kare; Niskanen, Tuula; Dima, Bálint; Ammirati, Joseph F.; Kirk, Paul M.; Kytövuori, Ilkka (2020). "Mission impossible completed: unlocking the nomenclature of the largest and most complicated subgenus of Cortinarius, Telamonia". Fungal Diversity (1): 291–331. doi: 10.1007/s13225-020-00459-1 . ISSN   1560-2745 . Retrieved 2024-10-15.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 264. ISBN   978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC   797915861.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Pilat Á, Ušák O (1961). Mushrooms and other Fungi . London, UK: Peter Nevill. p. 108.
  10. ↑ Evenson VS (1997). Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains. Westcliffe Publishers. p. 120. ISBN   978-1-56579-192-3.
  11. ↑ Trudell S, Ammirati J (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 159–160. ISBN   978-0-88192-935-5.
  12. ↑ McClintock ER, Fuller TH (1986). Poisonous Plants of California. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 47. ISBN   0-520-05569-1.
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