| Crustomyces subabruptus | |
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| Growing on aspen in Austria | |
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| Species: | C. subabruptus |
| Binomial name | |
| Crustomyces subabruptus | |
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Crustomyces subabruptus is a species of toothed crust fungus in the family Cystostereaceae.
The fungus was first described in 1928 by French mycologists Hubert Bourdot & Amédée Galzin in their 1938 work Hyménomycètes de France. They called it Odontia subabrupta, basing it on the similar species Odontia artocreas , a South American crust fungus originally described by Giacomo Bresadola in 1896. [1] Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich transferred the fungus to the genus Crustomyces in 1978. [2] George Chamuris suggested that the western North American Cystostereum pini-canadensis was the same species, proposing the new taxon C. pini-canadensis subspecies subabruptum. [3]
The fruit body is crust like, initially with a leathery texture that later becomes more crusty. Its colour is whitish to pale yellowish. The spore-bearing surface (hymenium) is covered in densely crowded spines that are about 0.5 mm long. These vary in shape but are typically conical to more or less cylindrical. The margin of the crust is generally abrupt and distinct, especially in mature specimens. A drop of dilute potassium hydroxide placed on the hymenium gives it a yellowish colour. [4]
The hyphal system of Crustomyces subabruptus is dimitic, consisting of two types of hyphae. The thin-walled generative hyphae are 2–3 µm wide, have clamps at their septa, and are highly branched. The thick-walled fibre-like skeletal hyphae are 2–3 µm wide, rarely have septa, and have very few clamps. The skeletal hyphae are mostly found in the subiculum next to the wood substrate. [4]
The basidia are 12–18 by 3–4 µm, often somewhat constricted, with basal clamp and four sterigmata. Spores are ellipsoid, measuring 3.5–4.5 by 2–2.5 µm, smooth, non-amyloid. [4]
Crustomyces subabruptus is a wood-decay fungus that grows on both deciduous and coniferous wood, typically occurring in dry and warm localities. It is widely distributed in Europe. In 2012 it was reported from Iran. [5]
Amanita gemmata, commonly known as the gemmed amanita or the jonquil amanita, is an agaric mushroom of the family Amanitaceae and genus Amanita. The fruit body has a cap that is a dull to golden shade of yellow, and typically 2.5–12 centimetres in diameter. The cap surface is sticky when moist, and characterized by white warts, which are easily detached. It is initially convex, and flattens out when mature. The flesh is white and does not change colour when cut. The gills are white and closely spaced. The stem is pale yellow, and measures 4–12 cm long by 0.5–1.9 cm thick. The partial veil that covers the young fruit body turns into the ring on the stem at maturity. The spore print is white. It resembles numerous other species.
Peniophora is a genus of fungi which are plant pathogens. Members of the genus belong to the class Agaricomycetes, order Russulales, and family Peniophoraceae. The genus is widespread, and contains 62 species. The species of Peniophora are resupinate, or crust-like, and are described as corticioid. A number of its members are parasitised by other fungi. For example, Tremella mesenterica is a parasite to several species of Peniophora.
Amethicium is a fungal genus in the family Phanerochaetaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Amethicium rimosum, a crust fungus first reported from Tanzania in 1983. Amethicium is primarily characterized by its purple fruit body and a dimitic hyphal system. The felt-like tissue layer covering the substrate comprises a thin layer of densely intertwined skeletal hyphae.
Auriscalpium vulgare, commonly known as the pinecone mushroom, the cone tooth, or the ear-pick fungus, is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae of the order Russulales. It was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, who included it as a member of the tooth fungi genus Hydnum, but British mycologist Samuel Frederick Gray recognized its uniqueness and in 1821 transferred it to the genus Auriscalpium that he created to contain it. The fungus is widely distributed in Europe, Central America, North America, and temperate Asia. Although common, its small size and nondescript colors lead it to be easily overlooked in the pine woods where it grows. A. vulgare is not generally considered edible because of its tough texture, but some historical literature says it used to be consumed in France and Italy.
Myxarium nucleatum is a species of fungus in the family Hyaloriaceae. In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of crystal brain. Basidiocarps are watery white, pustular or lobed, and gelatinous with small, white, mineral inclusions visible to the naked eye. It is a common, wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached or fallen branches of broadleaf trees. It is currently not clear whether collections from North America and elsewhere represent the same species.
Phellinus ellipsoideus is a species of polypore fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae, a specimen of which produced the largest fungal fruit body ever recorded. Found in China, the fruit bodies produced by the species are brown, woody basidiocarps that grow on dead wood, where the fungus feeds as a saprotroph. The basidiocarps are perennial, allowing them to grow very large under favourable circumstances. They are resupinate, measuring 30 centimetres (12 in) or more in length, though typically extending less than a centimetre from the surface of the wood. P. ellipsoideus produces distinct ellipsoidal spores, after which it is named, and unusual setae. These two features allow it to be readily differentiated microscopically from other, similar species. Chemical compounds isolated from the species include several steroidal compounds. These may have pharmacological applications, but further research is needed.
Tulasnella is a genus of effused (patch-forming) fungi in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps, when visible, are typically smooth, ceraceous (waxy) to subgelatinous, frequently lilaceous to violet-grey, and formed on the underside of fallen branches and logs. They are microscopically distinct in having basidia with grossly swollen sterigmata on which basidiospores are formed. One atypical species, Tulasnella aurantiaca, produces orange to red, gelatinous, pustular anamorphs on wood. Some species form facultative mycorrhizas with orchids and liverworts. Around 80 species of Tulasnella are known worldwide.
Xylobolus frustulatus, commonly known as the ceramic fungus or ceramic parchment, is an inedible species of crust fungus in the Stereaceae family. The fruit body forms small, hard, flat crust-like aggregations that resemble broken pieces of ceramic tile. These pieces are initially whitish before turning yellow-brown to gray-brown in age. The spore-bearing cells cover the upper surfaces of the fruit body. A saprobic species, it grows on well-decayed oak wood in Asia, northern Europe, and North America.
Skeletocutis bambusicola is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It was described as new to science in 2012 by mycologists Li-Wei Zhou and Wen-Min Qin. It is found in southern China, where it grows on dead bamboo. The type collection was made in Mengla County, Yunnan Province. The specific epithet bambusicola refers to its growth on bamboo. At the time of publication, S. bambusicola was the 22nd Skeletocutis species recorded from China.
Skeletocutis bicolor is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It is found in Singapore.
Skeletocutis luteolus is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It is found in southern and eastern China, where it causes white rot.
Myriothele is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, consisting of the single species Myriothele philippiae, a toothed crust fungus found in Réunion.
Fibroporia bohemica is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
Junghuhnia chlamydospora is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Steccherinaceae. The type specimen was collected in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary in Belize, growing on a dead standing tree. The crust-like fruit bodies of the fungus measure up to 2 millimetres (0.079 in) thick and have an ochraceous margin. The pore surface is yellowish to discoloured when fresh, later becoming blackish in parts when dry. The angular pores number 2 to 3 per millimetre. The tube layer, which is the same colour as the pore surface, is up to 3 millimetres (0.12 in) deep. Its cylindrical spores measure 4–4.5 by 1.5–2 µm. It has finely encrusted skeletal hyphae, similar to the related Saint Lucian fungus J. carneola. The abundant chlamydospores, for which J. chlamydospora is named, measure 8–12 by 4–6 µm and are strongly dextrinoid. The fungus was described as new to science in 2007 by mycologist Leif Ryvarden.
Loweomyces fractipes is a species of poroid fungus in the family Steccherinaceae, and the type species of the genus Loweomyces. It is a widely distributed species, found in North America, Europe, Central America, South America, and Korea.
The Gelatoporiaceae are a small family of crust fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed in 2017 by mycologists Otto Miettinen, Alfredo Justo and David Hibbett to contain the type genus Gelatoporia and three other related genera, Cinereomyces, Obba, and Sebipora.
Neodatronia is a genus of two species of poroid crust fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed in 2014 by Chinese mycologists Bao-Kai Cui, Hai-Jiao Li, and Yu-Cheng Dai as a segregate genus from Datronia. Neodatronia fungi differ microscopically from Datronia by having moderately to frequently branched skeleto-binding hyphae in the context, and by their somewhat smaller spores.
Butyrea is a genus of two species of crust fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.
Grammothele bambusicola is a poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae that is found in Asia. It was described as new to science in 1984 by Norwegian mycologist Leif Ryvarden.
Tulasnella violea is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are typically smooth, ceraceous (waxy), violet-pink or lilaceous to grey, and occur on the underside of fallen branches and logs. It is one of the more conspicuous Tulasnella species and appears to be distributed worldwide. Though normally saprotrophic, Tulasnella violea can form a mycorrhizal association with orchids.
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