Cultural activities of Maharashtra

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Religions and Social Activities in Maharashtra are well diverse democracy and all mixed cultures as like the rest of India. Maharashtra has a history of more than one thousand years in religions, social festivals, and diverse cultures.

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Ganesha during Ganesh Chaturthi Festival, a popular festival in the state. Gsb.jpg
Ganesha during Ganesh Chaturthi Festival, a popular festival in the state.

Lord Ganesha's devotion is celebrated by Ganesh Chaturthi (Ganesh's birthday) in August–September of every year. [1] Lalbaugcha Raja, Shri Siddhivinayak Temple, Shri Ashtavinayaka's are the major holy places for Maharashtrians.

In modern times Nisargadatta Maharaj, a Shudra , and bidi-seller became a Hindu saint of major influence in India. Popular forms of God are Shiva, Krishna , and Ganesha. Lord Shiva's devotion is celebrated by taking part in Maha Shivaratri (Night of Shiva) festival. In modern times, the Elephanta Island in Mumbai, Lord's Shiva island in local mythology, originated the Elephant Festival.

Lord Krishna's devotions are celebrated in the statewide Gokul Ashtami (or Krishna Janmashtami, Krishna's birthday) whereby many devotees fast on an entire day until midnight. The Dahi-Handi (Matki-fod) is also observed on this day in many places. [2] Lord Krishna's devotion is also celebrated at Kaartik Aamawasya (or Diwali) and at Narak Chaturdashi as returning of Lord Shri Rama.

The other festivals celebrated on a large scale are Vijayadashami or Dasara (Marathi: दसरा), Navaratri, Holi, Diwali, Eid (Ramzan Eid). Simollanghan is a ritual performed on Dasara or Vijaya Dashami day in Maharashtra. Simollanghan is crossing the border or frontier of a village or a place. In ancient times, kings used to cross the frontier of their kingdom to fight against their rivals or neighbor kingdoms. They used to perform Ayudha Puja on Dasara and begin the war season. On Dasara, people cross the borders of their places (Simollangan) and collect the leaves of Apta tree (आपट्याची पाने, āpţyācī pānē) and exchange among their friends and relatives as gold (सोने म्हणून आपट्याची पाने देतात, sōnē mhaṇūn āpaţyācī pānē dētāt). [3] People worship Shami tree and its leaves (शमीची पाने, śamīcī pānē) on this day.[ citation needed ]

Hindus in Maharashtra follow the Shalivahana Saka era calendar. Gudi Padwa, Diwali, Rangapanchami, Gokulashtami , and Ganeshotsav are some of the festivals that are celebrated in Maharashtra. Ganeshotsav is one of the biggest festivals of Maharashtra which is celebrated with much reverence and festivity throughout the state and has since some time become popular all over the country. The festival which continues over ten days is in honor of Ganesha, the god of learning and knowledge. A large number of people walk hundreds of kilometers to Pandharpur for the annual pilgrimage in the month of Aashadh.

Deities and Saints (Sant) of Maharashtra

Every Marathi Hindu family has its own family patron deity or the Kuladaivat . [4] This deity is common to a lineage or a clan of several families who are connected to each other through a common ancestor. [4] [5] The Khandoba of Jejuri is an example of a Kuladaivat to several castes ranging from Brahmins to Dalits. [6] The practice of worshiping local or territorial deities as Kuladaivats began in the period of the Yadava dynasty. [5] Other family deities of the people of Maharashtra are Bhavani of Tuljapur, Mahalaxmi of Kolhapur, Mahalaxmi of Amravati, Renuka of Mahur, Parashuram in Konkan, Saptashringi on Saptashringa hill at Vani in Nasik district. Despite being the most popular deity of Hindu Marathi people, very few families regard Vitthal or other popular Avatars of Vishnu such as Rama or Krishna as their Kuldaivat, with Balaji being an exception.

Marathi Hindus revere Bhakti saints of all castes, such as Dnyaneshwar (Brahmin-kulkarni's) Tukaram (Moray Maratha-Kunbi), Namdev (Shimpi), Chokhamela (Mahar) and Savata Mali (Mali). There were several other Dalit saints of Maharashtra. They are Sant Banka Mahar, Sant Bhagu, Sant Damaji panth, Sant Kanhopatra, Sant Karmamelam, Sant Nirmala, Sant Sadna, Sant Sakhubai, Sant Satyakam Jabali, Sant Soyarabai. Other important devotees are Namdev Mahar, a devotee of Shirdi Sai Baba, who lived in Kharagpur [7] and Bhagubai, the wife of Namdev Mahar, a devotee of Sai.

Maharashtra is also the home and birthplace for the very popular saints of the late 19th and early 20th century such as Shri "Sai Baba" at Shirdi in Ahmednagar district, Shri "Gajanan Maharaj" at Shegaon in Buldhana district and "Shri Swami Samartha" at Akkalkot in Solapur district. Shri Shirdi Sai Baba devasthan is the second richest in the country [8] [9] after Lord Tirupati Devasthanams at Tirumala, Andhra Pradesh. [10]

Ethnic groups

The Marathi people are the majority throughout most of the areas of the state. While there are other people who speak different languages, including Hindi, Kannada, Gujarati, and Marwari.

Culture

Kailash Temple in Ellora Caves. Kailasha temple at ellora.JPG
Kailash Temple in Ellora Caves.
Ajanta Caves Ajanta (63).jpg
Ajanta Caves
Elephanta Caves India-Elephanta-Outside.jpg
Elephanta Caves

Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra. Maharashtrians take great pride in their language and history, particularly the Maratha Empire, its founder Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is considered a folk hero across India. About 80% of Maharashtrians are Hindu, and there are significant Muslim, Christian , and Buddhist minorities. There are many temples in Maharashtra some of them being hundreds of years old. These temples are constructed in a fusion of architectural styles borrowed from North and South India. The temples also blend themes from Hindu, Buddhist , and Jain cultures. A National Geographic [11] edition reads, "The flow between faiths was such that for hundreds of years, almost all Buddhist temples, including the ones at Ajanta, were built under the rule and patronage of Hindu kings." The temple of Vitthal at Pandharpur is the most important temple for the Varkari sect. Other important religious places are the Ashtavinayaka temples of Lord Ganesha, Bhimashankar which is one of the Jyotirling (12 important Shiva temples). Ajanta and Ellora Caves near Aurangabad as well as Elephanta Caves near Mumbai are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and famous tourist attractions. Mughal architecture can be seen is the tomb of the wife of Aurangzeb called Bibi Ka Maqbara located at Aurangabad.

In 1708, the year following the death of Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Singh the tenth spiritual leader of the Sikhs came over to Nanded, his permanent abode. He proclaimed himself the last living Guru and established the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs. This elevates the reverence of Granth to that of a living Guru. A monument has been constructed at the place where he breathed his last. Maharaja Ranjit Singh's endowment saw the construction of a beautiful Gurudwara at Nanded around 1835 AD. The Gurudwara features an imposing golden dome with intricate carvings. It is known as Shri Huzur Abchalnagar Sachkhand Gurudwara.

Maharashtra has a large number of hills, land and sea forts. Forts have played an important role in the history of Maharashtra since the time of the Peshwas. Some of the important forts in Maharashtra are Raigad, Vijaydurg, Pratapgad, Sinhagad. The Majority of the forts in Maharashtra are found along the coastal region of Konkan.

Maharashtra, like other states of India, has its own folk music. The folk music viz. Gondhal Lavani, Bharud and Powada are popular especially in rural areas, while the common forms of music from the Hindi and Marathi film industry are favoured in urban areas.

Marathi Literature

The earliest instances of Marathi literature is by Sant Dnyaneshwar with his Bhawarthadeepika (popularly known as Jnyaneshwari). The compositions written during this period are spiritually inclined. The other compositions are by Sant Tukaram, Sant Namdev, and Sant Gora Kumbhar. The compositions are mostly in poetic form, which are called bhajans. These bhajans by saints are popular and part of day-to-day life. The modern Marathi literature has been enriched by famous poets and authors like P. L. Deshpande, Kusumagraj, Prahlad Keshav Atre , and Vyankatesh Madgulkar. This literature has been passed on to the next generations through the medium of large numbers of books that are published every year in Marathi.

Cuisines

The cuisine of Maharashtra varies according to the region of Maharashtra. The people of the Konkan region have a chiefly rice-based diet with fish being a major component, due to the close proximity to the sea. In eastern Maharashtra, the diet is based more on wheat, jowar , and bajra. Puran Poli, Bakarwadi, plain simple Varan Bhat (a dish cooked with plain rice and curry), and Modak are a few dishes to name. Chicken and mutton are also widely used for a variety of cuisines. Kolhapuri Mutton is a dish famous for its peculiar spicy nature.

Clothes

Women traditionally wear a nine-yard or five-yard sari and men a dhoti or pajama with a shirt. This, however, is changing with women in urban Maharashtra wearing Punjabi dresses, consisting of a Salwar and a Kurta while men wear trousers and a shirt.

Marathi and Hindi Film Industry

Bollywood is based in Mumbai Bolywood.jpg
Bollywood is based in Mumbai

The world-famous film industry Bollywood is in Maharashtra, located in the economic capital of India, Mumbai. The Marathi film industry was once placed in Kolhapur but now is spread out through Mumbai too. The pioneer of the Indian movie industry, Bharat Ratna Shri Dadasaheb Phalke, producer & director V. Shantaram, B.R. Chopra, Shakti Samanta, Raj Kapoor, form a few names of the Hindi film fraternity, while writer, director, and actor P. L. Deshpande, actor Ashok Saraf, actor Laxmikant Berde, actor & producer, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Mahesh Kothare belong to the Marathi film industry. The early period of Marathi theatre was dominated by playwrights like Kolhatkar, Khadilkar, Deval, Gadkari , and Kirloskar who enriched the Marathi theatre for about half a century with excellent musical plays known as Sangeet Naatak. The genre of music used in such plays is known as Natyasangeet. It is during this era of the Marathi theatre that great singer-actors like Bal Gandharva, Keshavrao Bhosle, Bhaurao Kolhatkar and Deenanath Mangeshkar thrived.

Some of the popular Marathi television channels are Star Majha, Zee Talkies, Zee Chovis Taas, Mi Marathi, DD Sahyadri, Zee Marathi, ETV Marathi, and Saam Marathi which host shows ranging from soap operas, cooking , and travel to political satire and game shows.

Sports

The cricket craze can be seen throughout Maharashtra, as it is the most widely followed and played sport. Kabaddi and hockey are also played with fervor. Children’s games include Viti-Dandu (Gilli-danda in Hindi) and Pakada-pakadi (tag).

Related Research Articles

Dattatreya Hindu deity

Dattatreya, Dattā or Dattaguru or Duttatreya, is a God and paradigmatic Sannyasi (monk) and one of the lords of Yoga in Hinduism. In many regions of India and Nepal, he is considered a deity. In Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Gujarat, Dattatreya is considered to be an avatar (incarnation) of the three Hindu gods Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, collectively known as Trimurti. In other regions, and some versions of texts such as Garuda Purana, Brahma Purana and Sattvata Samhita, he is an avatar of Maha Vishnu. In Dasam Granth, he is considered as Rudra Avtar.

Namdev Bhakti sant-poet of Hinduism

Shiromani Namdev Maharaj, also transliterated was an Indian poet and saint from Narsi, Hingoli, Maharashtra India who is significant to the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Bhagat Namdev's writings were also recognized by the Gurus of Sikhism and are included in the holy book of Sikhism, the Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Namdev worshipped Vithoba, one of the many forms of lord Vishnu but Ronald McGregor states that in the larger context of Rama, Namdev was not referring to the hero described in the Hindu epic Ramayana, but to a pantheistic Ultimate Being.

Khandoba Hindu god

Khandoba, Martanda Bhairava,Malhari, or Malhar is a Hindu deity worshiped as a manifestation of Shiva mainly in the Deccan plateau of India, especially in the state of Maharashtra. He is the most popular Kuladaivat in Maharashtra. He is also the patron deity of select warrior, farming castes, Dhangar community and Brahmin (priestly) castes as well as several of the hunter/gatherer tribes that are native to the hills and forests of this region. The Shaivaites of Khandoba has linkages with Hindu and Jain traditions, and also assimilates all communities irrespective of caste, including Muslims. The worship of Khandoba developed during the 9th and 10th centuries from a folk deity into a composite god possessing the attributes of Shiva, Bhairava, Surya and Karttikeya (Skanda). He is depicted either in the form of a Lingam, or as an image of a warrior riding on a bull or a horse. The foremost centre of Khandoba worship is Jejuri in Maharashtra. The legends of Khandoba, found in the text Malhari Mahatmya and also narrated in folk songs, revolve around his victory over demons Mani-malla and his marriages.

Vithoba Hindu god considered form of Vishnu or Krishna

Vithoba, also known as Vi(t)thal(a) and Panduranga, is a Hindu deity predominantly worshipped in the Indian state of Maharashtra. He is generally considered as a manifestation of the god Vishnu or his avatar, Krishna. Vithoba is often depicted as a dark young boy, standing arms akimbo on a brick, sometimes accompanied by his main consort Rakhumai.

The Marathi people, also rendered as Marathis are an ethnolinguistic group who speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language as their native language. They inhabit the state of Maharashtra as well as districts bordering the state, such as Belgaum and Karwar of Karnataka and the state of Goa in western India as well as districts of southern Gujarat and parts of Madhya Pradesh. Their language, Marathi, is part of the Indo-Aryan language family. The term 'Maratha' is generally used by historians to refer to all Marathi-speaking peoples, irrespective of caste, although presently it refers to a set of Maharashtrian castes called Maratha. The Marathi community came into political prominence in the 17th century when the Marathas, under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, established the Maratha Empire, which is credited to a large extent for ending the Mughal rule.

Saptashrungi a temple of goddess Saptashrungi, located near Nashik, Maharashtra in India

Saptashrungi or Saptashringi is a site of Hindu pilgrimage situated 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Nashik in Indian state of Maharashtra. According to Hindu traditions, the goddess Saptashrungi Nivasini dwells within the seven mountain peaks. It is located in Nanduri, Kalwan taluka, a small village near Nashik in India. The Marathas and some Bhil tribes worship the goddess from a long time and some worship as their kuldaivat. There are 510 steps to climb the gad. Devotees visit this place in large numbers every day. The temple is also known popularly as one of the "three and half Shakti Peethas" of Maharashtra. The temple is also one among the 51 Shakti Peethas located on the Indian subcontinent and is a location where one of Sati's limbs, her right arm is reported to have fallen. Its half shaktipeeth among three and half shaktipeeth of Maharashtra.

Jalaram Bapa Hindu saint and guru

Jalaram Bapa popularly known as Bapa was a Hindu saint from Gujarat, India. He was born on 4 November 1799, one week after the Hindu festival of Diwali, which is associated with his Iṣṭa-devatā Lord Rama.

Nagbhid town in Maharashtra, India

Nagbhid, also known as Nagbhir, is a town and a municipal council in Chandrapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It Connected to NH-353D and MSH-9.

Ravalnath

Ravalnath(Konkani: रवळनाथ, Ravaḷhanāth), also widely known as Roulu, is a popular Hindu deity in Goa and the Sindhudurg district of coastal Maharashtra, in western India. Shrines of Ravalnath are also found in border areas of Belgaum specially in Karle and Uttar Kannada districts as well as coastal areas of Karnataka. He is worshipped as the main deity or an affiliate deity in most temples of Goa. He is often associated with the Pan-Hindu God Shiva.

The following is the list of temples located in Hyderabad

Culture of Maharashtra

Maharashtra is the third largest state of India.It has a long history of Marathi saints of Varakari religious movement, such as Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Chokhamela, Eknath and Tukaram which forms the one of bases of the culture of Maharashtra or Marathi culture. Maharashtra had huge influence over India in 17th-century King Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj of Maratha Empire and his concept of Hindavi Swarajya which translates to self-rule of people.

Ganesh Jayanti Hindu festival

Ganesh Jayanti (literally "Ganesha's birthday", also known as Magha shukla chaturthi, Tilkund chaturthi, and Varad chaturthi, is a Hindu festival. This occasion celebrates the birth day of Ganesha, the lord of wisdom. It is a popular festival particularly in the Indian state of Maharashtra and it is also celebrated in Goa held during the shukla paksha chaturthi day in the month of Maagha as per almanac, which corresponds to the Gregorian calendar month of January/February. In 2019, Shri Ganesh Jayanti falls on 8th February. The distinction between the Ganesh Jayanti and the more popular, almost pan-Indian Ganesh Chaturthi festival is that the latter festival is observed in the month of August/September. According to one tradition, Ganesh Chaturthi is also considered as the birthday of Ganesha. This festival of Ganesha is also called as the Tilo Chauth or Sakat Chauthis in Uttar Pradesh, where Ganesha is invoked on behalf of the son of a family. It is also called as Tilkund chaturthi in Maharashtra.

Ganesha Temple, Morgaon Hindu temple dedicated to Ganesha in Morgaon, India

Shri Mayureshwar Mandir or Shri Moreshwar Temple(Marathi: श्री मोरेश्वर मंदीर) is a Hindu temple (mandir) dedicated to Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of wisdom. It is located in Moragaon in Pune District, about 65 km away from Pune city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The temple is the starting and ending point of a pilgrimage of eight revered Ganesha temples called Ashtavinayaka.

Narasimhawadi commonly known as Narsobawadi or Narsobachi Wadi is a small town in Shirol Tahasil in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. Narsobawadi gets its name from the presence of 'Shri Narasimha Saraswati', the Purna Avatar of Lord Dattatreya. With a lot of archaeological value this became a major pilgrim spot for many Shri Dattatrey devotee. Also, there is a confluence of the two rivers Panchganga and Krishna.

Dahi Handi

Dahi Handi or Utlotsavam is one of the festive events and a team sport during the Hindu festival Gokulashtami, which is also known as Krishna Janmashtami and celebrates the birth of Krishna.

Haragapur Village in Karnataka, India

Haragapur is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is attached to NH-4. Places to visit are Shivaji Fort, Mallikarjun Temple & Navanath Mandir. Village is located on Hilltop. Language spoken here is Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ)

Krishna Priya was a devotee of Lord Krishna

Religion in Maharashtra is characterized by the diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Maharashtra possesses six of the world's major religions; namely Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Christianity, and Sikhism.

Fiji Sanatan Society of Alberta building in Alberta, Canada

The Fiji Sanatan Society of Alberta, also known as Vishnu Mandir in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada is a modern-style Hindu temple that was built by some of the very first Fijian Hindu immigrants in Edmonton in 1984. Hindus have been living in Canada for over a century, especially in Edmonton. Fijian Hindus began to settle in Edmonton in larger proportions starting in the 1960s and 1970s. They conducted prayers and meditated in individual households via groups they formed in the community. Talks of the need of a temple started in 1983 by four major Hindu Bhakti groups in Edmonton at the time, Shree Sanatan Dharam Ramayan Society, Edmonton Geeta Ramayan Congregation, Edmonton Vedic Congregation and later joined by Edmonton Prem Society, the group founded the Sanatan Board and raised funds to buy a property for the temple. It became the first Fijian Hindu cultural society in all of Canada, and till date is the largest. It started as a small place of worship in the Balwin residential area, constructed out of an old Church building. Since then it has been renovated 2 times, first adding a basement, then in 2006 expanded further making it the second largest Hindu temple in Edmonton.

Tourism in Marathwada

Tourism in Marathwada refers to tourism in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state of India. Aurangabad city is a regional headquarter of Marathwada and tourism capital of Maharashtra state. Out of 4 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Maharashtra, 2 of them are in Marathwada. Also there are 110 monuments in Marathwada which are protected by Government of Maharashtra and recognized by Archaeological Survey of India. Marathwada is also important region for Religious tourism, out of 12 Jyotirlingas of Hindu God Shiva, 3 are in Marathwada. Hazur Sahib Nanded is the second holiest place in Sikhism after Harminder Sahib of Amritsir. There are also sufi shrines in Marathwada, most famous among them is Turabul Haq Dargah at Parbhani where thousands of people of all religion visits dargah annually. Pathri in Parbhani district is birthplace of Sai Baba of Shirdi and Sai Baba Birth Temple in Pathri is one of major religious tourism place in Marathwada.

References

  1. http://festivals.tajonline.com/ganesh-chaturthi.php
  2. "Ceremony of Dahi Handi | Dahi Handi Celebrations".
  3. दसरा FAQ - All about Dasara in Maharashtra
  4. 1 2 Hassan 1920, pp. 110–111.
  5. 1 2 Walunjkar, pp. 285–287.
  6. Government of Maharashtra 1962.
  7. Shepherd, P. 111 Gurus Rediscovered:
  8. Shri Shirdi Sai Baba Devasthan beats credit crunch to become the 2nd-richest temple in the country Archived 2010-04-12 at the Wayback Machine
  9. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-11-10. Retrieved 2009-11-13.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. RediffIndia News
  11. January 2008, VOL. 213, #1