Cultural impact of Star Wars

Last updated

Darth Vader grotesque on the northwest tower of the Washington National Cathedral (Episcopal Church) in Washington, D.C. Darth vader grotesque.jpg
Darth Vader grotesque on the northwest tower of the Washington National Cathedral (Episcopal Church) in Washington, D.C.

George Lucas's epic space opera multi-film Star Wars saga has had a significant impact on modern popular culture. Star Wars references are deeply embedded in popular culture; [1] references to the main characters and themes of Star Wars are casually made in many English-speaking countries with the assumption that others will understand the reference. Darth Vader has become an iconic villain, while characters such as Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Princess Leia, Chewbacca, C-3PO and R2-D2 have all become widely recognized characters around the world. Phrases such as "evil empire", "May the Force be with you", "Jedi mind trick" and "I am your father" have become part of the popular lexicon. [2] The first Star Wars film in 1977 was a cultural unifier, [3] enjoyed by a wide spectrum of people. [4]

Contents

Many efforts produced in the science fiction genre (particularly in filming) can now be seen to draw heavy influence and inspiration from the original Star Wars trilogy, as well as the magnitude of sequels, spin-offs, series, games, and texts that it spawned. Sounds, visuals, and even the iconic score of the films have become integral components in American society. The film helped launch the science fiction boom of the late 1970s and early 1980s, making science fiction films a blockbuster genre. [5] This impact also made it a prime target for parody works and homages, with popular examples including Spaceballs , Family Guy 's "Blue Harvest" special, Seth Green's "Robot Chicken: Star Wars", Steve Oedekerk's "Thumb Wars", and Lucas's self-proclaimed favorite parody, Hardware Wars by Ernie Fosselius.

Arts

Filmmaking history

Financial impact on Fox

20th Century Fox optioned Star Wars. When it unexpectedly became the decade's blockbuster, grossing $100 million in three months, Fox's stock soared from $6 to $25 per share and generated revenues of $1.2 million a day for the studio. Fox purchased the Aspen skiing and Pebble Beach golf corporations with the increased cash flow and still declared excess profits in 1977. Income from Star Wars re-releases, sequels, and merchandising enriched the studio in the following decades. Star Wars helped Fox to change from an almost bankrupt production company to a thriving media conglomerate. [5]

Impact on filmmaking

Star Wars fundamentally changed the aesthetics and narratives of Hollywood films, [6] switching the focus of Hollywood-made films from deep, meaningful stories based on dramatic conflict, themes and irony to sprawling special-effects-laden blockbusters, as well as changing the Hollywood film industry in fundamental ways. Before Star Wars, special effects in films had not appreciably advanced since the 1950s. [6] Star Wars was also important in the movement towards the use of computer-generated imagery in films. [2] The commercial success of Star Wars created a boom in state-of-the-art special effects in the late 1970s. There was increased investment in special effects. Companies like Industrial Light & Magic and Digital Productions were created to provide them. The 1977 Star Wars pioneered the genre pastiche, where several classic film genres are combined in one film. In Star Wars, the genres were science fiction, the Western, the war film, and the quasi-mystical epic. [5] Along with Jaws , Star Wars started the tradition of the summer blockbuster film in the entertainment industry, where films open on many screens at the same time and profitable franchises are important. [2] [4] It created the model for the major film trilogy and showed that merchandising rights on a film could generate more money than the film itself. [3]

Another impact Star Wars made on film making was its use of the "Monomyth" or Hero's journey" found in Joseph Campbell's book The Hero with a Thousand Faces . While George Lucas wrote through 4 drafts of the film, between the first and second drafts, he read Joseph Campbell's book titled The Hero with a Thousand Faces. He was surprised to find that his first draft followed many of its principles. [7] This epic structure at the deepest roots of the films was a major factor in its success. Many future films successfully adopted the monomyth, such as The Matrix trilogy , The Lord of the Rings Trilogy , and The Hobbit Trilogy to name a few. [8] [ better source needed ]

The plot of a second-season episode of The CW television series Legends of Tomorrow (2017), entitled "Raiders of the Lost Art", centered on the impact of George Lucas's films on the titular heroes.

Lucasfilm-produced mockumentaries

  • Return of the Ewok (1982): a 24-minute fictional mockumentary, focusing on the decision of Warwick Davis to become an actor and act as Wicket the Ewok in Return of the Jedi. [9]
  • R2-D2: Beneath the Dome (2002): a 20-minute mockumentary, focusing on the "true" story of R2-D2's life. It was made as a side-project by some of the crew of Attack of the Clones, released on television in three installments, and later on DVD. [10]

Parodies

The Star Wars saga has had a significant impact on modern American popular culture, both the films and characters have received official parodies in numerous films and television productions.

Fandom, fan films and fan edits

Star Wars fandom comprises the community of fans of the Star Wars film series and related media. In some cases, there have been instances of "toxic fandom" within fan community. [33] [34] Authors Steve Perry and K. W. Jeter have both said they began receiving death threats after contributing works to the franchise. [35] According to Daisy Ridley, when she was being cast for the sequel trilogy, J. J. Abrams warned her that the franchise "is a religion for people." [36] Fan backlash has evidently increased since the release of the Disney films. [33] [34] The fandom is known to pay close attention to obscure characters, and the Internet meme of "Glup Shitto" mocks such background characters as Wat Tambor, Wullf Yularen, and Plo Koon which have gained fan recognition. [37]

The franchise inspired many fan edits, which have gained a notable presence on the internet thanks to the advancement of social media platforms Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. [38] [39] like Harmy's Despecialized Edition, there have been various memes related to specific moments in the movies themselves, like a mistranslated Chinese bootleg of Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith [40] [41] [42] and 'TR-8R' from Star Wars: The Force Awakens . [43] [44]

The Star Wars saga has inspired many fans to create their own non-canon material set in the Star Wars galaxy, ranging from writing fan-fiction to creating fan films. In 2002, Lucasfilm sponsored the first annual Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards, officially recognizing filmmakers and the genre. Because of concerns over potential copyright and trademark issues, however, the contest was initially open only to parodies, mockumentaries, and documentaries. Fan-fiction films set in the Star Wars universe were originally ineligible, but in 2007 Lucasfilm changed the submission standards to allow in-universe fiction entries. [45] Lucasfilm, for the most part, has allowed but not endorsed the creation of these derivative fan-fiction works, so long as no such work attempts to make a profit from or tarnish the Star Wars franchise in any way. [46]

Star Wars parodies include:

Fan edits/restorations

The franchise has inspired many fan edits, such as Harmy's Despecialized Edition and The Phantom Edit , which circulated on the Internet thanks to the advance of social media platforms Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. [38] [39] Like Harmy's Despecialized Edition, there have been various memes related to specific moments in the movies themselves, like a mistranslated Chinese bootleg of Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith [40] [41] [42] and 'TR-8R' from Star Wars: The Force Awakens . [43] [44] A fan-edit to visually incorporate the ghosts of Anakin Skywalker, Obi-Wan, Luke and Yoda, into a scene from Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker was positively received for its technical execution. [58] [59] [60] In contrast, a 46-minute fan-edits of the previous film Star Wars: The Last Jedi , which removed all the female characters, was criticized for sexism. [61] [62] A YouTuber who attempted to improve the original VFX effects of Luke Skywalker's de-aged appearance on The Mandalorian Season 2 finale was later hired by Lucasfilm. [63] Other The Mandalorian fan-edits that were made included Grogu fighting against Darth Sidious in Revenge of the Sith, [64] [65] [66] [67] while Tommy Wisseau's character, Johnny, from The Room was edited in a crossover set within the entire saga. [68] [69] [70]

Cosplay

Fans cosplaying as Twi'leks during WonderCon in 2017 Star Wars cosplayers (33024371594).jpg
Fans cosplaying as Twi'leks during WonderCon in 2017

Websites

Theater

In December 1978, an onstage Star Wars parody appeared in the form of a Broadway musical, The Force and I—the Mad Star Wars Musical. [71] A similar fan-made musical of the original 1977 film was made in 1999 in anticipation of the release of The Phantom Menace [72] and another parody musical was announced for a March 2020 Off-Broadway production. [73]

During the winter of 2015, Chicago based theater company, Under the Gun Theater developed a parody revue which recapped all six of the Star Wars films as a lead up to the release of Star Wars: The Force Awakens . [74]

In November 2019, Ichikawa Ebizō XI supervised production of and played Kylo Ren in a kabuki adaptation of scenes from the sequel trilogy, which was entitled Star Wars Kabuki: Kairennosuke and the Three Shining Swords (スター・ウォーズ歌舞伎〜煉之介光刃三本〜, Sutā Uōzu Kabuki ~Rennosuke Kōjin San-pon~). [75] In addition, his son Kangen Horikoshi portrayed a younger version of Ren in the play's third act. [76]

Music

In 1993, Mexican pop singer Paulina Rubio said that for the concept of her second studio album, 24 Kilates , she has been inspired by the Star Wars movies. [77]

Coldplay's lead singer Chris Martin said that the band's ninth studio album Music of the Spheres had been inspired by the alien Mos Eisley cantina band from the first Star Wars film. [78]

Parody songs

Documentaries

Fan documentaries

Video games

Darth Vader, as well as Yoda and Starkiller, appear as playable characters in the 2008 fighting game Soulcalibur IV .

Science

Impact on aeronautics

Expedition 45 Return of the Jedi crew poster Expedition 45 'Return of the Jedi' crew poster.jpg
Expedition 45 Return of the Jedi crew poster

The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum had an exhibition called Star Wars: The Magic of Myth. It was an exhibition of original production models, props, costumes, and characters from the first three Star Wars films. [83] [84] In October 2007, NASA launched a Space Shuttle carrying an original lightsaber into orbit. The prop handle had been used as Luke Skywalker's lightsaber in Return of the Jedi. After spending two weeks in orbit, it was brought back to Earth on November 7, 2007, to be returned to its owner, George Lucas. [85]

The first successfully launched space-rocket, to be sent by the private spaceflight company SpaceX, was named the Falcon 1. Elon Musk used the word "falcon" within the name of the space-rocket, as a reference to the Millennium Falcon from Star Wars. The Falcon 1's success led to the fabrication of updated versions of the space rocket, in what became known as the Falcon family of space-rockets. The Falcon 1 has since been retired, in favor of the Falcon 9. [86]

The spacecraft LICIACube, a part of DART mission, is equipped with two optical cameras, dubbed LUKE and LEIA. [87]

Organisms named after Star Wars characters

Politics and religion

Political impact

When Ronald Reagan proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a system of lasers and missiles meant to intercept incoming ICBMs, the plan was quickly labeled "Star Wars", implying that it was science fiction and linking it to Reagan's acting career. According to Frances FitzGerald, Reagan was annoyed by this, but Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle told colleagues that he "thought the name was not so bad."; "'Why not?' he said. 'It's a good movie. Besides, the good guys won.'" [88] This gained further resonance when Reagan described the Soviet Union as an "evil empire".

In television commercials, public interest group critics of the Reagan administration's Strategic Defense Initiative program deridingly referred to the orbital missile defense project as "Star Wars". Lucasfilm originally sued to try to enjoin this usage of its trademark, and lost. [89] Explaining its decision, the court said,

When politicians, newspapers, and the public generally use the phrase star wars for their convenience, in parody or descriptively to further a communication of their views on SDI, plaintiff has no rights as owner of the mark to prevent this use of STAR WARS. ... Since Jonathan Swift's time, creators of fictional worlds have seen their vocabulary for fantasy appropriated to describe reality. Trademark laws regulate unfair competition, not the parallel development of new dictionary meanings in the everyday give and take of human discourse. [89]

When Margaret Thatcher won the 1979 United Kingdom general election held on May 3, the Tories took out a newspaper ad that read "May the Fourth Be with You Maggie. Congratulations." [90]

On May 4, 1995, during a defence debate in the UK parliament, MP Harry Cohen related the Star Wars Day joke: "May 4 be with you". [91]

In England and Wales, 390,127 people (almost 0.8%) stated their religion as Jedi on their 2001 Census forms, surpassing Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism, and making it the fourth largest reported religion in the country.

The holographic video effect associated with Star Wars served as a technological tool for CNN during its 2008 Election Night coverage. CNN reporter Jessica Yellin and musician will.i.am looked as though they were in the network's New York City studios talking face-to-face with hosts Anderson Cooper and Wolf Blitzer, when in reality, they were in Chicago at Barack Obama's rally. The process involved Yellin and will.i.am standing in front of a blue screen in a special tent, while being shot by 35 HD cameras. [92]

On March 1, 2013, American President Barack Obama spoke on the sequestration debate. He said that some people expect him to do a "Jedi mind meld" on the Republicans who refuse to deal. [93]

In the 2014 Ukrainian presidential elections, the Internet Party of Ukraine tried to nominate a man named Darth Vader; [94] [95] but his registration was refused because his real identity could not be verified. [96] A man named Darth Vader was a candidate at May 25 2014 Kyiv mayoral election and the Odesa mayoral election of the same day for the same party. [97] [98] In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election the Internet Party let Darth Vader along other Star Wars characters such as Chewbacca, Padmé Amidala, and Yoda run for seats in the Ukrainian parliament. [99] In the election the party failed to clear the 5% election threshold (it got 0.36% of the votes) and also did not win a constituency seat and thus no parliamentary seats. [100] [101] [102]

In 2015, as a part of the decommunization process in Ukraine, a statue of a Vladimir Lenin was modified into a monument to Darth Vader at the territory of Pressmash plant in Odesa. [103] [104]

In the 2020 Odesa local election, a person called Darth Vader was again a candidate for mayor of Odesa (nominated by Darth Vader Bloc). [105] He scored 0.48% of the total votes cast. [106]

Religion (Jediism)

A real-life religion based on Star Wars called Jediism follows a modified version of the Jedi Code, and they believe in the concept of The Force as an energy field of all living things, which "surrounds us... penetrates us" and "binds the galaxy together", as is depicted within Star Wars movies, although without the fictional elements such as telekinesis. [107] [108] Many citizens around the world answer list their religion as Jedi during their countries respective Census, among them Australia and New Zealand getting high percentages. [109] [110] A petition in Turkey to build a Jedi Temple within a university, also got international media attention. [111]

Aircraft Livery

Several airlines around the world formerly featured or currently features a special Star Wars themed jet on one of its aircraft.[ citation needed ]

Other

Between 2002 and 2004, museums in Japan, Singapore, Scotland and England showcased the Art of Star Wars, an exhibit describing the process of making the original Star Wars trilogy. [113]

In 2013, Star Wars became the first major motion picture translated into the Navajo language. [114] [115] [116]

Two Omaha Storm Chasers Minor League Baseball players wearing uniforms featuring Darth Maul's face on front (left) and lightsaber on back (right) during their Star Wars Night in 2022 Omaha Storm Chasers (52055978055) (cropped).jpg
Two Omaha Storm Chasers Minor League Baseball players wearing uniforms featuring Darth Maul's face on front (left) and lightsaber on back (right) during their Star Wars Night in 2022

Professional sports teams in the United States and Canada regularly hold Star Wars-themed promotional nights. In 2015, Star Wars-themed Major League Baseball (MLB) games had average higher attendance than typical MLB games. Star Wars promotional nights in minor league sports events often feature teams wearing Star Wars-inspired uniform designs. Outside of Star Wars-themed games, North American sports teams often play "The Imperial March" over their public address systems while opposing teams are being introduced. [117]

Several organizations worldwide teach lightsaber combat as a competitive sport, instructing on techniques interpreted from the films, and using life-size replica weapons composed of highly durable plastic that emit lights and sounds. [118] [119] [120] [121] One of these organizations being ludosport.

During the 2012 Emerald City Comicon in Seattle, Washington, several prominent cartoon voice actors, consisting of Rob Paulsen, Jess Harnell, John DiMaggio, Maurice LaMarche, Tara Strong and Kevin Conroy, performed a parody reading of A New Hope as a radio play in each of their signature voice roles; i.e. Paulsen and Harnell as Yakko and Wakko Warner from Animaniacs , Strong as Bubbles from The Powerpuff Girls and Timmy Turner from The Fairly OddParents , LaMarche and DiMaggio as Kif Kroker and Bender from Futurama , and Conroy narrating as Batman.

Millennium Falcon in Star Wars Galaxy's Edge at Disney's Hollywood Studios Star Wars, Galaxy's Edge at WDW.jpg
Millennium Falcon in Star Wars Galaxy's Edge at Disney's Hollywood Studios

After Disney's acquisition of Star Wars, they proceeded to open Galaxy's Edge. Star Wars themed parks in both Disney World and Disneyland that opened in December 2019 in Disney World and January 2020 in Disneyland. In the theme parks fans will be transported to a Galaxy Far Far Away and live their own Star Wars experience, through flying the Millennium Falcon, or stopping at Oga's Cantina for some food and drinks. [122]

"Star Wars bar" has entered the English language vernacular meaning a less than desirable bar or pub. This is because the "Mos Eisley Cantina", and the events depicted therein during the original Star Wars film, is a sufficiently well known cultural reference for the term to have become useful in everyday conversation.

In 2023, a Judge in the Akron Municipal Court announced that he would be officiating Star Wars-themed weddings on the 4th of May 2023. The celebrations included Star Wars: A New Hope in the background and Star Wars-inspired vows. [123]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jedi</span> Faction in Star Wars

Jedi, Jedi Knights, or collectively the Jedi Order are fictional characters, and often protagonists, featured in many works within the Star Wars franchise. Working symbiotically alongside the Old Galactic Republic, the Jedi Order is depicted as a religious, academic, meritocratic, and military-auxiliary (peacekeeping) organization whose origin dates back thousands of years before the events of the first film released in the franchise. The fictional organization has inspired a real-world new religious movement and parody religion: Jediism.

<i>Return of the Jedi</i> 1983 film directed by Richard Marquand

Return of the Jedi is a 1983 American epic space opera film that is a sequel to The Empire Strikes Back (1980). It is the third installment in the original Star Wars trilogy and the sixth chronological film in the "Skywalker Saga". It is directed by Richard Marquand based on a screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas from a story by Lucas, who was also the executive producer. The film follows the ongoing struggle between the malevolent Galactic Empire and the freedom fighters of the Rebel Alliance. As the Rebels attempt to destroy the Empire's second Death Star, Luke Skywalker tries to bring his father, Darth Vader, back from the dark side of the Force. The film stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luke Skywalker</span> Character in Star Wars

Luke Skywalker is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced in the original film trilogy and also appears in the sequel trilogy. Raised as a moisture farmer on the planet Tatooine, Luke joins the Rebel Alliance and becomes a pivotal figure in the struggle against the Galactic Empire. He trains as a Jedi under Obi-Wan Kenobi and Yoda, and eventually confronts his father, the Sith Lord Darth Vader. Years later, Luke trains his nephew Ben Solo and mentors the scavenger Rey. Luke is the twin brother of Leia Organa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darth Vader</span> Character in the Star Wars franchise

Darth Vader is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was first introduced in the original film trilogy as one of the leaders of the Galactic Empire. The prequel trilogy chronicles his transformation from the Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker into the Sith Lord Darth Vader. His metamorphosis begins when he is lured to the dark side of the Force by Chancellor Palpatine, who later becomes the Emperor. After a lightsaber battle with his former mentor Obi-Wan Kenobi, Vader is severely injured and is transformed into a cyborg. He serves Palpatine for over two decades, hunting down the remaining Jedi and attempting to crush the Rebel Alliance. When Palpatine tries to kill Vader's son, Luke Skywalker, the Sith Lord turns against his master and destroys him. Vader is the husband of Padmé Amidala, the father of Luke and his twin sister Leia Organa, and the grandfather of Ben Solo.

<i>Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</i> 2005 film by George Lucas

Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film that is the sequel to The Phantom Menace (1999) and Attack of the Clones (2002). It is the sixth film in the Star Wars film series, the third installment in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, and third chronological chapter of the "Skywalker Saga". It is written and directed by George Lucas, who also served as executive producer. The film stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Frank Oz.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obi-Wan Kenobi</span> Fictional character in the Star Wars franchise

Obi-Wan "Ben" Kenobi is a character in the Star Wars franchise. In the original film trilogy, he is a Jedi Master who trains Luke Skywalker in the ways of the Force. In the prequel trilogy, he mentors Luke's father, Anakin Skywalker. Obi-Wan is portrayed by Alec Guinness in the original trilogy and by Ewan McGregor in the prequel films. McGregor also plays the character in the television series Obi-Wan Kenobi. Guinness' performance in Star Wars (1977) earned him the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yoda</span> Fictional character in the Star Wars universe

Yoda is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He is a small, green humanoid alien who is powerful with the Force. He first appeared in the 1980 film The Empire Strikes Back, in which he is voiced and puppeteered by Frank Oz, who reprised the role in Return of the Jedi (1983), the prequel trilogy, the sequel trilogy, and the animated series Star Wars Rebels. Other actors who voice Yoda are Tom Kane, Piotr Michael, John Lithgow, Tony Pope and Peter McConnell. In addition to films and television series, Yoda appears in comics, novels, video games and commercials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skywalker family</span> Fictional family in the Star Wars series

The Skywalker family is a fictional legendary human family in the Star Wars franchise. Within the series' fictional universe, the Skywalkers are presented as a bloodline with strong inherent capabilities related to the Force and sometimes lightsaber skills. Luke Skywalker, his twin sister Princess Leia Organa, and their father Darth Vader are central characters in the original Star Wars film trilogy. Darth Vader, in his previous identity as Anakin Skywalker, is a lead character in the prequel film trilogy and so is his wife and the twins' mother Padmé Amidala; while his mother Shmi is a minor character in the first and second films respectively. Leia and Han Solo's son, Ben Solo, renamed himself Kylo Ren and is the main antagonist in the sequel film trilogy, while they and Luke serve as supporting characters. Shmi, Padmé, and Han are the only members who are not Force-sensitive. The Skywalker bloodline, alongside the Palpatine bloodline, are the two bloodlines that are the strongest with the Force.

"The Imperial March (Darth Vader's Theme)" is a musical theme present in the Star Wars franchise. It was composed by John Williams for the film The Empire Strikes Back. Together with "Yoda's Theme", "The Imperial March" was premiered on April 29, 1980, three weeks before the opening of the film, on the occasion of John Williams' first concert as official conductor-in-residence of the Boston Pops Orchestra. One of the best known symphonic movie themes, it is used as a leitmotif throughout the Star Wars franchise.

The original Star Wars trilogy, formerly marketed as the Star Wars Trilogy, is the first set of three films produced in the Star Wars franchise, an American space opera created by George Lucas. It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century Fox, and consists of Star Wars (1977), The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983). Beginning in medias res, the original trilogy serves as the second act of the nine-episode Skywalker Saga. It was followed by a prequel trilogy between 1999 and 2005, and a sequel trilogy between 2015 and 2019. Collectively, they are referred to as the "Skywalker Saga" to distinguish them from spin-off films set within the same universe.

The Star Wars prequel trilogy, colloquially referred to as the prequels, is a series of epic space-opera films written and directed by George Lucas. It was produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The trilogy was released from 1999 to 2005 and is set before the original Star Wars trilogy (1977–1983), chronologically making it the first act of the Skywalker Saga. Lucas had planned a prequel trilogy before the release of the original film, but halted major Star Wars films beyond the original trilogy by 1981. When computer-generated imagery (CGI) had advanced to the level he wanted for the visual effects he wanted for subsequent films, Lucas revived plans for the prequels by the early 1990s. The trilogy marked Lucas's return to directing after a 22-year hiatus following the original Star Wars film in 1977, as well as a 16-year hiatus between the classic and prequel trilogies.

The Star Wars sequel trilogy is the third trilogy of the main Star Wars franchise, an American space opera created by George Lucas. It is produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The trilogy consists of episodes VII through IX, chronologically following the prequel trilogy and the original trilogy, serving as the final act of the "Skywalker Saga". Lucas had planned a sequel trilogy as early as 1976, but canceled it by 1981. He produced only the first six episodes, and for a time described these as comprising the complete story. The sequel trilogy concept was revived when the Walt Disney Company entered negotiations to acquire Lucasfilm in 2011. Lucas produced new story treatments, but these were largely discarded. Both the acquisition and plans to produce the trilogy were announced in late 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahsoka Tano</span> Fictional character in the Star Wars franchise

Ahsoka Tano is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. She was introduced as the 14-year-old Togruta Jedi Padawan of Anakin Skywalker in the animated film Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008) before appearing in the subsequent animated television series ; the sequel series Star Wars Rebels (2014–2018); in the live-action film Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019) as a voiceover cameo; and in the miniseries Tales of the Jedi (2022), voiced by Ashley Eckstein. In 2020, Ahsoka made her live-action debut in the second season of the Disney+ series The Mandalorian, portrayed by Rosario Dawson. Dawson reprised the role in a 2022 episode of the spin-off series The Book of Boba Fett, and the 2023 series, Ahsoka.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palpatine</span> Fictional character in Star Wars franchise

Sheev Palpatine is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He first appeared in the 1980 film The Empire Strikes Back as The Emperor. He is also known by his Sith name, Darth Sidious, which was first used in the novelization of the 1999 film The Phantom Menace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mace Windu</span> Fictional character in Star Wars

Mace Windu is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced in the prequel trilogy as a Jedi Master who sits on the Jedi High Council during the final years of the Galactic Republic. He is portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson in all three prequel films. Windu also appears in the 2008 animated film The Clone Wars, the television series of the same name, and in novels, comics, and video games.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darth Plagueis</span> Fictional character in the Star Wars franchise

Darth Plagueis is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise created by George Lucas. A Sith Lord with the ability to cheat death and create life, Plagueis is the enigmatic mentor of Palpatine, who eventually betrays Plagueis by murdering him in his sleep, taking his place as Sith Master in accordance with the Sith's Rule of Two. The character was first mentioned on-screen in the 2005 film Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, in which Palpatine frames his life and death as a "legend" to pique Anakin Skywalker's curiosity about the dark side of the Force. Plagueis has a more prominent presence in the Star Wars Expanded Universe.

<i>Vader Episode I: Shards of the Past</i> 2018 Star Wars fan film

Vader Episode I: Shards of the Past is a 2018 Star Wars fan film created by Star Wars Theory. On December 20, 2018, a screening was held at the Landmark's Regent Theatre in Los Angeles, CA, and on December 21, 2018, it was released to YouTube. As of October 2022, a sequel, Vader Episode II: The Amethyst Blade is in pre-production. About six minutes of the episode have been released on YouTube via two cinematic teasers, and the full episode is expected to release within the next couple years with a planned third episode in early development.

<i>Obi-Wan Kenobi</i> (miniseries) American television miniseries

Obi-Wan Kenobi is an American space opera television miniseries produced by Lucasfilm for the streaming service Disney+. It is part of the Star Wars franchise. Set ten years after the Jedi Order was purged during the events of the film Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005), the series follows surviving Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi who emerges from hiding to rescue the kidnapped Princess Leia from the Galactic Empire's Inquisitors. This brings Kenobi into conflict with his former apprentice, Darth Vader.

References

  1. ↑ Brooker, Will (2002). Using the Force: Creativity, Community, and Star Wars Fans. New York [u.a.]: Continuum. ISBN   0-8264-5287-6.
  2. 1 2 3 "The power of the dark side". Chicago Tribune. May 8, 2005. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  3. 1 2 Emerson, Jim (2007). "How Star Wars Shook The World". MSN Movies. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Online NewsHour: The Impact of the Star Wars Trilogy Films – May 19, 2005". Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 Cook, David A. (2000). Lost Illusions: American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam, 1970–1979 (1st paperback print. ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN   0-520-23265-8.[ page needed ]
  6. 1 2 Bigsby, Christopher (2006). The Cambridge Companion to Modern American Culture ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   0-521-84132-1.
  7. ↑ Larsen, Stephen and Robin (2002). Joseph Campbell: A Fire in the Mind. p. 541.
  8. ↑ "Monomyth or "The Hero's Journey" in Movies". IMDb. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Mystery Ewok Theater 2005: Return of the Ewok". Star Wars. Archived from the original on May 22, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
  10. ↑ "R2-D2: Beneath the Dome" (DVD). Star Wars. Archived from the original on January 8, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
  11. ↑ Chernoff, Scott (July 24, 2007). "I Bent My Wookiee! Celebrating the Star Wars/Simpsons Connection". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
  12. ↑ "'The Simpsons' Meets 'Star Wars' in First Look at Disney Plus Short 'The Force Awakens from its Nap'". May 3, 2021.
  13. ↑ "List of assets owned by the Walt Disney Company", Wikipedia, October 3, 2022, retrieved October 4, 2022
  14. ↑ Peralta, Diego (May 2, 2023). "'Rogue Not Quite One' Poster Puts Maggie Simpson in a Star Wars Adventure". Collider. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
  15. ↑ "New Star Wars Animated Series in the Works". StarWars.com. April 5, 2010. Archived from the original on October 13, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  16. ↑ Cassady, Charles (June 2, 2009). "Family Guy: Blue Harvest". Common Sense Media . Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Family Guy: Something, Something, Something Dark Side". Yahoo!. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Family Guy: Episode VI: It s a Trap". Yahoo!. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  19. ↑ "PHINEAS AND FERB MEETS STAR WARS IN SPECIAL EPISODE". Star Wars. July 19, 2013. Archived from the original on October 26, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  20. ↑ Greene, Steve (June 1, 2020). "'Rick and Morty:' Season 4, Episode 9 - "Childrick of Mort" Review". IndieWire . Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  21. ↑ ""Hardware Wars": The movie, the legend, the household appliances". Salon.com . Retrieved March 27, 2008.
  22. ↑ Ryan, Mike (December 16, 2017). "Rian Johnson Confirms The Dorkiest Reference In 'The Last Jedi'". Uproxx. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  23. ↑ Rottenberg, Josh (August 3, 2002). "Mel Brooks looks back on 'Spaceballs'". Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  24. ↑ Wasserman, Ben (December 19, 2021). "The Mandalorian Just Made Clerks' Best Argument Star Wars Canon". CBR.com. Archived from the original on December 20, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  25. ↑ Ratcliffe, Amy (February 26, 2021). "FULLY OPERATIONAL FANDOM: STAR WARS REFERENCES IN POP CULTURE". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on February 27, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  26. ↑ Curran, Robert (August 5, 2020). "Clerks: What Happened to the Jay and Silent Bob Cartoon?". CBR.com. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  27. ↑ Moore, Roger (October 31, 2008). "Zack and Miri Make a Porno". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  28. ↑ Cooper, Meredith J. (November 13, 2008). "Zack and Miri Make a Porno". Chico News & Review. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  29. ↑ Walker, Mia P. (October 31, 2008). "Zack and Miri Make a Porno". The Harvard Crimson . Harvard University. Archived from the original on August 6, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  30. ↑ "Trooper Clerks". Film Threat. July 14, 2002. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  31. ↑ "MAD Magazine: January 1978". starwars77-80.blogspot.co.uk. July 16, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  32. ↑ "Mad #196". Doug Gilford's Mad Cover Site. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  33. 1 2 Miller, Matt (December 13, 2018). "The Year Star Wars Fans Finally Ruined Star Wars". Esquire . Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  34. 1 2 Couch, Aaron (March 31, 2021). "From 'Justice League' to 'Star Wars', Studios Reckon With "Toxic" Fandom". The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  35. ↑ Perry, Steve (2018). "Star Wars: The Last Command TPB introduction". Marvel Epic Collection: Star Wars – The New Republic, Vol. 4. New York: Marvel. ISBN   978-1-302-91383-0. OCLC   1029865172.
  36. ↑ Iqbal, Nosheen (December 7, 2019). "Daisy Ridley: 'JJ Abrams warned me that Star Wars is a religion'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  37. ↑ Myers, Maddy (December 18, 2020). "Star Wars fans' favorite character, Glup Shitto, is back". Polygon. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
  38. 1 2 "Supercuts: 15 Movie Fan Edits That Blow The Originals Away". Comic Book Resources . October 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  39. 1 2 "These Are the 5 Best 'Star Wars' Fan Edits". Inverse. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  40. 1 2 "Top ten Star Wars myths and legends: Do not want". VirginMedia.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  41. 1 2 "'Revenge of the Sith' Dubbed With Bootleg Chinese Dialogue Is a Fan-Made Masterpiece". The Hollywood Reporter . January 3, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  42. 1 2 "Let Us Rejoice That Someone Dubbed The Entire Chinese Bootleg of Revenge of the Sith". io9. January 7, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  43. 1 2 "TR-8R". Know Your Meme. December 21, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  44. 1 2 "The 14 Best TR-8R Memes in the Galaxy (SPOILER)". Dorkly . Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  45. ↑ "Filmmaker Kevin Smith Hosts 'The Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards' on SCI FI Channel; George Lucas to Present Special Honor". Business Wire . April 23, 2002. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  46. ↑ Knapton, Sarah (April 7, 2008). "Court to rule in Star Wars costume battle". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
  47. ↑ "Knightquest". TheForce.Net . Archived from the original on August 30, 2004. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
  48. ↑ Hills, Elisabeth (August 2002). 'Use the camcoder Luke': Star Wars fan films and digital moviemaking. ITiRA 2002. Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. pp. 175–181.
  49. ↑ Russell, M.E. (May 14, 2004). "The Fan Films Strike Back". The Weekly Standard . Archived from the original on August 20, 2004. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
  50. ↑ Rowe, Peter. "Final installment of 'Star Wars' parody is out there – somewhere". The San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2009.
  51. ↑ "The Greatest Official Star Wars Parody Put to Print: Tag & Bink". May 15, 2021.
  52. ↑ "Geek Humor: 'Star Wars' Parody Comic Strip 'Blue Milk Special'". October 24, 2010.
  53. ↑ "WEBTOON Wednesday - Blue Milk Special & Heartwired with Leanne & Rod Hannah: The Comic Source Podcast Episode #1157". December 18, 2019.
  54. ↑ "Blue Milk and Cookies: An Interview with Rod and Leanne Hannah - Fanbasepress". May 31, 2012.
  55. ↑ "January 2016 Newsletter - Blue Milk Special". January 18, 2016.
  56. ↑ "Evil Sith Attempts to Remove Blue Milk Special from Wookieepedia". MTV . Archived from the original on October 8, 2023.
  57. ↑ "Celebrate May the Fourth with These 'Star Wars' webcomics". The Daily Dot . May 4, 2015.
  58. ↑ Britt, Ryan (July 7, 2020). "'Rise of Skywalker' edit reveals what J.J. Abrams got wrong about Star Wars". Inverse.
  59. ↑ July 2020, Samuel Roberts 08 (July 8, 2020). "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker fan edit fixes one of the movie's many problems". TechRadar.com .{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  60. ↑ "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker fan edit adds all of the Force ghosts to final battle". Digital Spy. July 6, 2020.
  61. ↑ Plante, Corey (January 16, 2018). "'Last Jedi' Gets a Sexist "No-Women" Fan Edit That Everyone Hates". Inverse.
  62. ↑ "The Last Jedi De-Feminized Cut Is Even Worse Than You Thought". ScreenRant. January 18, 2018.
  63. ↑ "Lucasfilm Hired the YouTuber Who Used Deepfakes to Tweak Luke Skywalker 'Mandalorian' VFX". July 26, 2021.
  64. ↑ "Baby Yoda Duels Darth Sidious in Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith Fan-Edit". Screen Rant . November 30, 2019.
  65. ↑ "Watch Baby Yoda fight Darth Sidious in this hilarious Mandalorian fan edit". December 2, 2019.
  66. ↑ "Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith Edit Pits Baby Yoda Against Darth Sidious". November 30, 2019.
  67. ↑ "Baby Yoda Saves the Avengers in Infinity War (With Mando) in Fan Video". Screen Rant . December 9, 2019.
  68. ↑ ""Oh, hai Luke!": Tommy Wiseau finally gets his own Star Wars saga". The A.V. Club . December 2, 2019.
  69. ↑ "Tommy Wiseau and 'The Room' Get Edited into 'Star Wars' (Video)". December 2, 2019.
  70. ↑ "Tommy Wiseau Joins Star Wars in Slightly Disturbing Fan Film". December 4, 2019.
  71. ↑ "Mad #203". Doug Gilford's Mad Cover Site. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  72. ↑ "Star Wars - The Musical". www.infauxmedia.com. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  73. ↑ "What You Need to Know About Off-Broadway's A Musical About Star Wars | Playbill" . Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  74. ↑ Hatch, Megan Horst Celebrate the release of ‘Star Wars: The Force Awakens’ in style in Chicago. AXS TV. Retrieved on December 3, 2015.
  75. ↑ Ashcraft, Brian (November 4, 2019). "Star Wars Getting An Official Kabuki Adaptation". Kotaku. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
  76. ↑ Baseel, Casey (December 1, 2019). "'Star Wars' becomes a kabuki play". Japan Today . Retrieved December 31, 2019.
  77. ↑ "Nuevo LP para Paulina Rubio". El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). February 10, 1993. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
  78. ↑ "Chris Martin wants to perform Coldplay's 'Star Wars'-inspired new music on the moon". Retro Pop. June 10, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  79. ↑ ""Weird Al" – Nerdy Something". Star Wars. October 26, 2006. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
  80. ↑ "'Sgt. Pepper's' Becomes A 'Star Wars' Parody in Comical New Album". NPR. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
  81. ↑ "Hear a 'Star Wars'-Themed Parody of 'Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'". EW.com. May 4, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
  82. ↑ "We must bear witness to this terrifyingly elaborate Star Wars-Sgt. Pepper's mashup". May 2, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
  83. ↑ Mackay, Daniel (2001). "Star Wars:The Magic of the Anti-Myth". In Lancaster, Kurt; Mikotowicz, Tom (eds.). Performing the Force: Essays on Immersion into Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Environments. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. p. 44. ISBN   0-7864-0895-2.
  84. ↑ "Star Wars:The Magic of Myth, National Air and Space Museum" . Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  85. ↑ "NASA – Items Taken into Space Reflect Accomplishments on Earth". Nasa.gov. November 23, 2007. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  86. ↑ "These SpaceX Rocket Landing Photos Are Simply Jaw-Dropping". Space.com . January 19, 2017.
  87. ↑ "LICIACube". ASI. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  88. ↑ Fitzgerald, Frances (2000). Way Out There in the Blue. Simon & Schuster. ISBN   0-684-84416-8.
  89. 1 2 Lucasfilm Ltd. v. High Frontier, 622 F.Supp. 931 (D.D.C. 1985)
  90. ↑ "#StarWarsDay 2019: How Margaret Thatcher launched "May the Fourth be with you"". Newsweek . May 3, 2019.
  91. ↑ Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster. "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 4 May 1994". Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved June 13, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  92. ↑ "The Watcher: Freaky CNN hologram recalls 'Star Wars' - chicagotribune.com". November 6, 2008. Archived from the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  93. ↑ Heil, Emily (March 13, 2013). "Obama's 'Jedi mind meld' mixes sci-fi worlds". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
  94. ↑ "Man named Darth Vader files documents to be registered as presidential candidate in Ukraine". En.interfax.com.ua. March 29, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  95. ↑ Kandidatur, Verrückte (March 30, 2014). "Verrückte Kandidatur: Darth Vader will Präsident der Ukraine werden" (in German). Stern.De. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  96. ↑ "Ukraine's Darth Vader presidency bid rejected | euronews, no comment". Euronews.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  97. ↑ "Одеський тервиборчком зареєстрував кандидатом у мери Одеси Дарта Вейдера – Київ – Едуард Гурвіц – Центральна виборча комісія – Україна | РБК Украина". Rbc.ua. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  98. ↑ Фото: Reuters. "Дарт Вейдер йде в мери Києва - Korrespondent.net". Ua.korrespondent.net. Retrieved June 13, 2016.{{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  99. ↑ Sharkov, Damien (October 24, 2014). "Darth Vader Is Running for Prime Minister of Ukraine, Vowing to Take on Putin". Newsweek. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  100. ↑ "Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament » State Broadcasting company “Ukrainian television and radio world service”". November 10, 2014. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  101. ↑ "People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections – CEC". En.interfax.com.ua. October 20, 2012. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
  102. ↑ "Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament – CEC". En.interfax.com.ua. October 20, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  103. ↑ Logan, Ross (October 24, 2015). "Lenin monument replaced with Darth Vader statue after Ukraine bans all Soviet memorabilia". Daily Mirror. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  104. ↑ "Lenin statue in Ukraine's Odessa turned into Darth Vader". Russian News Agency TASS. October 22, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  105. ↑ "В Одесі за крісло мера поборються 2 Зеленських, 5 Філімонових і Саакашвілі" [In Odesa, 2 Zelensky, 5 Filimonov and Saakashvili will compete for the mayor's seat]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). September 30, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  106. ↑ "Другий тур виборів мера в Одесі: хто переміг" [The second round of mayoral elections in Odesa: who won]. RBC Ukraine (in Ukrainian). November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  107. ↑ "Jedi Doctrine - Jedi Church". www.jedichurch.org. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  108. ↑ "Welcome to the Temple of the Jedi Order". www.templeofthejediorder.org. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  109. ↑ Irvine, Jessica (August 5, 2011). "Portrait of a nation, squid jiggers and all".
  110. ↑ "Popis: Sve manje Srba, sve više vanzemaljaca, teletabisa, Štrumpfova". November 30, 2012.
  111. ↑ "Students in Turkey are asking for a Jedi Temple, this is why". Independent.co.uk . April 8, 2015.
  112. ↑ "R2-D2 jet: First of 3 ANA 'Star Wars' planes unveiled". CNN. September 15, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  113. ↑ O'Brien, Susie (2010). Popular Culture: a User's Guide. Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd. p. 5.
  114. ↑ "Translated into Navajo, 'Star Wars' Will Be". NPR. June 20, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  115. ↑ Silversmith, Shondiin (July 4, 2013). "Navajo Star Wars a crowd pleaser". Navajo Times.
  116. ↑ Riley, Kiera (September 24, 2021). "Preserving the force of Navajo language". Cronkite News, Indian Country Today . Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  117. ↑ Caple, Jim (December 16, 2015). "Star Wars is irresistible force in sports galaxy". ESPN . Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  118. ↑ "Saberist Academy". lightsaberacademy.com.
  119. ↑ "Terra Prime Light Armory". sites.google.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
  120. ↑ "LudoSport International - One name. One sky". ludosport.net.
  121. ↑ Robertson, Michelle (June 13, 2019). "There's a lightsaber combat academy in San Francisco. We tried it". San Francisco Chronicle.
  122. ↑ "Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge at Walt Disney World Resort". StarWars.com. August 29, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  123. ↑ Orsagos, Patrick (May 4, 2023). "May the Fourth be 'I do': Ohio city has 'Star Wars' weddings". AP News . Retrieved May 8, 2023.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.