Cyprus–United States relations

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Cyprus–United States relations
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Cyprus 		Flag of the United States.svg
United States
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Cyprus, Washington, D.C. Embassy of the United States, Nicosia

Relations between Cyprus and the United States can be described as excellent, both sharing membership in the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. Cyprus has been an observer to the Organization of American States. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Embassy of Cyprus in Washington, D.C. Embassy of Cyprus, Washington, D.C..jpg
Embassy of Cyprus in Washington, D.C.
Embassy of the United States, Nicosia US Embassy in Cyprus lit Ukrainian colours to stand with Ukraine.jpg
Embassy of the United States, Nicosia
United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice speaks with United States Marine Corps Brig. Gen. Carl Jensen in Larnaca, Cyprus Rice speaks with troops after landing in Larnaca July 24 2006.jpg
United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice speaks with United States Marine Corps Brig. Gen. Carl Jensen in Larnaca, Cyprus
Marines extracting U.S. citizens from Beirut to RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus Defense.gov News Photo 060718-M-3598F-008.jpg
Marines extracting U.S. citizens from Beirut to RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus
U.S. Sailors assigned to the guided missile cruiser USS Vella Gulf (CG-72) participate in a beach beautification community relations project during a port visit in Limassol U.S. Sailors assigned to the guided missile cruiser USS Vella Gulf (CG 72) participate in a beach beautification community relations project during a port visit in Limassol, Cyprus, Sept 080919-N-RT317-060.jpg
U.S. Sailors assigned to the guided missile cruiser USS Vella Gulf (CG-72) participate in a beach beautification community relations project during a port visit in Limassol
US/CY Flag Cyprus-USA flag combination.png
US/CY Flag

Bilateral & Strategic Relationships

Cypriot (Greek) and US Navy SEALs alongside members from respective government delegations on board a ship take photos after their joint exercises in Cyprus Cypriot (Greek) and US Navy SEALs in a photo onboard a ship.jpg
Cypriot (Greek) and US Navy SEALs alongside members from respective government delegations on board a ship take photos after their joint exercises in Cyprus

Relations between the United States and Cyprus can be described as being excellent, yet historically complicated due to many factors. [4] Cyprus is seen as democratic state that can serve as a forward base for the United States. In numerous occasions military bases, ports and airports such as the Port of Limassol and the Larnaca International Airport respectively, have been used for humanitarian and support purposes by the US. [5] Cyprus has also given exclusive rights to a US oil extracting multinationals such as ExxonMobil to extract natural gas from its Exclusive Economic Zone. [6] [7] U.S. imports from Cyprus agricultural products and minerals while business ties encompass several services. [2]

The US also works closely with Cyprus in order to advance shared priorities both bilaterally and in the context of strategic partnership with the European Union, which Cyprus is a member state. [8] The Bilateral partnership focuses in areas of common interest, such as peace, security, trade and investment, diversifying European energy sources, and protecting cultural heritage across the island. [9] [10] [11] The Cabinet of Israel approach of Cyprus over the recent years, and especially after the Gaza flotilla raid, has boosted Cyprus–Israel relations even further. The United States supports this approach with an Energy Triangle between Cyprus, Israel and Greece. [12] [13]

In 2018, the United States and the Republic of Cyprus signed a Statement of Intent to also strengthen and develop their security relationship. The agreement encompasses efforts to combat terrorism, enhance maritime security and further promote regional stability in the Eastern Mediterranean. [12] [14] The U.S. Embassy in Cyprus is located in Engomi area, within the capital city of Nicosia. The current U.S. Ambassador to Cyprus is Judith G. Garber. Cyprus maintains an embassy at Washington, D.C. and a consulate general in New York City. The United States Department of State retains detail information about Cyprus and US relations and operations. [15] [16]

Wilbur Ross, former United States Secretary of Commerce, was a major shareholder and vice chairman of the board of Bank of Cyprus, after he invested €400 million in the bank in 2014. Prior to his appointment, Ross was a successful banker known for acquiring and restructuring companies and later selling them for a profit once operations have been improved. Ross is a hall of fame member and past director of the Turnaround management Association. [17] [18]

War on Terror

The United States is also working closely with Cyprus in the War on Terrorism. A mutual legal assistance treaty, which has been in force since September 18, 2002, facilitates bilateral cooperation. Cyprus also signed a Proliferation Security Initiative with the United States on July 25, 2005, which reinforces bilateral counter-terrorism cooperation. [19] [20]

Joint Energy Projects

The US respects the rights of Cyprus to develop its resources in its EEZ and has repeated caution to Turkeys destabilizing Oil & Gas research within Cyprus EEZ. [21] [22] The "US remains deeply concerned by Turkey's repeated attempts to conduct drilling operations in the waters off Cyprus... This provocative step raises tensions in the region. We urge Turkish authorities to halt these operations and encourage all parties to act with restraint and refrain from actions that increase tensions in the region" stated Morgan Ortagus of the United States Department of State in 2019. [23] [24] [25] Cyprus has called on Turkey to delineate the sea boundaries between the two countries. [26] [27] [28] [29]

US position on Cyprus Dispute

The United States and The Republic of Cyprus established official diplomatic relations in 1960, right after the British Cyprus's independence from the United Kingdom. Differences immediately arose between the majority Greek Cypriot (77.1%) and minority Turkish Cypriot (18.2%) communities during the implementation of the Constitution of Cyprus provided at the time. Subsequently, inter-communal violence led to the establishment of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus in 1964. In 1974, a Coup d'état backed by the Greek military junta of 1967–1974 failed to provide Enosis (union) with Greece. Subsequently, a Turkish invasion of Cyprus has followed, that resulted in the capture of approximately 40% of the island and a de facto division of its people and land since 1974. Today, the Republic of Cyprus is the only official government of the island state, however, more than 1/3 of the north is administered by Turkish Cypriots, through the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” proclaimed in 1983. The United States, does not recognize the “TRNC,” nor does any other country in the world except Turkey. About 30,000 Turkish Troops remain on the island while the "Green line" buffer zone is patrolled by UNFICYP. [30] The United States regards the status quo on the Cyprus dispute as "unacceptable" and fully supports the UN-led inter-communal negotiations as the rightful venue to achieve a fair settlement. [31] In December 2019, the US Congress lifted a decades-old arms embargo on Cyprus. [32] On 2 September 2020, United States decided to lift embargo on selling "non-lethal" military goods to Cyprus for one year starting from 1 October. [33] On October 1, 2022, the United States formally lifted the Defense Trade Restrictions, allowing Cyprus to acquire American weapons. [34]

US Bi-communal Support

Since the 1970s, the US has channeled millions in assistance to both communities and sponsors programs to increase cooperation between the two communities. Following the Annan Plan, the U.S. devoted an additional funding to assist the economic development of the Turkish Cypriots, in order to reduce future settlement costs. In 2000, the US Embassy established a Bicommunal Support Program that is focused on professional development, education and leadership. The UNDP's Action for Cooperation and Trust program is also working with Cypriot organizations to help build relationships island-wide. [35] The focus is on multicultural education and youth empowerment, promoting civil engagement, support to environmental protection and the preservation and promotion of Cyprus's cultural heritage. The Cyprus Partnership for Economic Growth (CyPEG) was also designed to promote business interaction and trade between the communities. [36] Thousands of Cypriots have made friends with members of the “other” community as a result of these programs. [37]

US scholarships to Cypriots

Due to the massive flow of Cypriot under-graduate and post graduate students Cyprus-America Scholarship Program (CASP) offers scholarships for Cypriot students wanting to pursue a bachelor's degree in the United States. The CASP competition is open for bachelor's degrees in all fields except Medicine and Dentistry. A Bachelor's Degree in the United States usually takes four years. The scholarship is for a maximum amount of $25,000 each year, for a maximum total of $100,000.

Embassies

The Embassy of the United States is located in Nicosia, Cyprus. The Embassy of Cyprus is located in Washington, D.C.

In August 2023, during his recent visit to Cyprus, Robert Paschall, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the US Department of Homeland Security, highlighted that Cyprus was on the path to joining the Visa Waiver Program, pending certain requirements. Paschall emphasized the significance of bilateral information exchange and streamlined travel rules. Presently, citizens of Cyprus must meet US visa prerequisites for business and tourism purposes. [38]

High Level Visits

GuestHostPlace of visitDate of visit
Flag of Cyprus.svg President Makarios III Flag of the United States.svg President John F. Kennedy United States June 5–7, 1962 [39]
Flag of Cyprus.svg President Makarios III Flag of the United States.svg President Richard Nixon White House, Washington, D.C., United StatesOctober 24–25, 1970
Flag of Cyprus.svg President Spyros Kyprianou Flag of the United States.svg President Jimmy Carter New York City, USAOctober 5, 1977
Flag of Cyprus.svg President Spyros Kyprianou Flag of the United States.svg President Ronald Reagan United StatesDecember 4–9, 1981
Flag of Cyprus.svg President George Vassiliou Flag of the United States.svg President George H. W. Bush United StatesOctober 4, 1989
Flag of Cyprus.svg President George Vassiliou Flag of the United States.svg President George H. W. BushUnited StatesMay 29–30, 1991
Flag of Cyprus.svg President George Vassiliou Flag of the United States.svg President George H. W. BushUnited StatesMarch 30, 1992
Flag of Cyprus.svg President Glafcos Clerides Flag of the United States.svg President Bill Clinton United StatesMay 20–21, 1993
Flag of the United States.svg Vice President Joe Biden Flag of Cyprus.svg President Nicos Anastasiades Cyprus May 21, 2014 [40]
Flag of the United States.svg Secretary of State John Kerry Flag of Cyprus.svg President Nicos AnastasiadesCyprusDecember 4, 2015 [41]
Flag of Cyprus.svg Minister of Foreign Affairs Nikos Christodoulides Flag of the United States.svg Secretary of State Mike Pompeo United StatesNovember 18, 2019 [42]
Flag of the United States.svg Secretary of State Mike Pompeo Flag of Cyprus.svg President Nicos Anastasiades Presidential Palace, CyprusSeptember 12, 2020 [43]
Flag of the United States.svg Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs R. Clarke Cooper Flag of Cyprus.svg Minister of Foreign Affairs Nikos ChristodoulidesCyprusOctober 20, 2020 [44]
Flag of the United States.svg Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf Flag of Cyprus.svg Minister of Foreign Affairs Nikos Christodoulides Larnaca, CyprusJanuary 4, 2021 [45]
Flag of Cyprus.svg Minister of Foreign Affairs Ioannis Kasoulidis Flag of the United States.svg Secretary of State Antony Blinken Washington D.C., USAFebruary 1, 2022 [46]
Flag of the United States.svg Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Victoria Nuland Flag of Cyprus.svg Minister of Foreign Affairs Ioannis KasoulidisCyprusApril 6, 2022 [47]
Flag of the United States.svg Senator Rick Scott Flag of Cyprus.svg Minister of Defense Michalis Giorgallas Limassol, CyprusApril 6–7, 2023 [48]
Secretary of State Antony BlinkenPresident Nikos ChristodoulidesLarnaca, CyprusNovember 6, 2023 [49]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Fulbright - Home". Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2012-12-31.
  2. 1 2 U.S. State Department.: U.S. Relations With Cyprus
  3. ↑ Atlantic Council: NATO Membership for Cyprus. Yes, Cyprus.
  4. ↑ "Power Shifts in the Eastern Mediterranean" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2019-08-23.
  5. ↑ "Permanent Secretary of the Ministry Of Defence Paid a Visit to the USA". Archived from the original on 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  6. ↑ ExxonMobil Cyprus
  7. ↑ Exxon's Cyprus gas discovery adds another giant to East Med collection
  8. ↑ "The Eastern Mediterranean and the EU Parliamentary Election". 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
  9. ↑ "The Washington Institute: Turkey's Energy Confrontation with Cyprus" . Retrieved 2019-08-10.
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  12. 1 2 "Joint Statement on the Ministerial Meeting of the U.S., Greece, Republic of Cyprus, and Israel Regarding Cooperation in the Field of Energy". Archived from the original on 2022-04-03. Retrieved 2019-08-23.
  13. ↑ "Beyond Energy: The Significance of the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum" . Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  14. ↑ Can the East Med Pipeline Work?
  15. ↑ "Russia warns Cyprus against allowing U.S. military to deploy there". Reuters. 2018-12-05. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  16. ↑ "Anastasiades: last-minute Russian ban in US' Cyprus bill 'unfortunate'". 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  17. ↑ Higgins, Andrew (2017-03-06). "New Commerce Secretary Was No Friend to Russians at Cyprus Bank". The New York Times. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  18. ↑ Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (2017-03-23). "Trump's commerce secretary oversaw Russia deal while at Bank of Cyprus". The Guardian. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  19. ↑ "New Strategic Dimensions of the Eastern Mediterranean". 2018-06-11. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  20. ↑ Inbar, Efraim; Sandler, Shmuel (March 2001). "The Importance of Cyprus". Middle East Quarterly. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  21. ↑ "The Race for Natural Gas: Will the Eastern Mediterranean Become a World Center for the Natural Gas?" . Retrieved 2019-08-22.
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  34. ↑ Jakes, Lara (11 October 2022). "The Hunt to Arm Ukraine Leads to Difficult Choices". The New York Times.
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