Energy in Europe

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Energy in Europe includes energy, including electricity, production, consumption and import in Europe.

Contents

Primary energy consumption across European countries, highlights diverse energy use patterns. Countries show fluctuations in consumption, reflecting changes in energy demand and policy. Germany and the Russian Federation are among the highest consumers, smaller economies like Lithuania and Turkmenistan have markedly lower consumption levels. Per person energy use in Europe varies significantly, with smaller nations like Iceland, showing high consumption rates per million people, indicating the diverse energy use and economic activities across the continent. Europe has significant reliance on oil, a major energy source predominantly used for transportation and heating, with most European countries importing most of their oil needs due to limited domestic production.

There has been an increase in renewable energy, with plans to increase wind power capacity. The European Commission's "REPowerEU" plan underscores a commitment to renewables. There is an ongoing transition towards more sustainable energy systems in Europe.

Primary energy consumption by country

Primary energy consumption for selected European and Eurasian countries in million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) from 2010 to 2015, according to BP, is listed below. [1]

Country201020112012201320142015
Austria35.933.835.435.133.934.1
Azerbaijan10.711.912.312.613.213.7
Belarus25.925.927.924.724.923.6
Belgium66.061.358.660.055.956.5
Bulgaria17.819.118.116.717.918.9
Czech Republic42.842.141.740.940.139.6
Denmark19.518.517.118.017.516.9
Finland30.928.627.627.226.325.9
France253.2244.5244.7247.4237.5239.0
Germany323.7312.3316.7325.8311.9320.6
Greece31.530.729.327.926.326.3
Hungary24.923.221.720.520.521.5
Ireland15.214.114.013.713.714.6
Italy172.2168.4162.2155.7146.8151.7
Kazakhstan48.555.057.557.457.754.8
Lithuania5.65.85.85.45.25.3
Netherlands96.191.588.486.481.181.6
Norway41.943.047.845.046.447.1
Poland98.298.795.796.092.495.0
Portugal25.624.522.424.524.624.1
Romania33.834.734.031.532.533.1
Russian Federation673.3694.9695.3688.0689.8666.8
Slovakia17.416.816.216.815.515.8
Spain146.2143.1142.4134.2132.1134.4
Sweden52.151.554.751.451.753.0
Switzerland28.727.228.829.728.427.9
Turkey111.0115.0120.2117.6122.8131.3
Turkmenistan25.927.029.726.831.337.3
Ukraine121.0125.7122.6114.7101.085.1
United Kingdom210.5198.8201.9201.4188.9191.2
Uzbekistan43.849.749.248.750.351.6
Other Europe & Eurasia98.696.994.496.194.196.0
Total Europe & Eurasia2948.52934.22934.32898.02832.32834.4

Primary energy consumption per capita (2008)

The European primary energy use per capita (TWh per million people) in 2008 is listed below. [2]

Primary energy consumption in Europe (2008) [2]
RankcountryTWhpopulation (million)TWh per million people
1 Russia 7,987141.7956
2 Germany 3,89982.1247
3 France 3,09964.1248
4 United Kingdom 2,42461.3540
5 Italy 2,04759.8934
6 Spain 1,61445.5935
7 Ukraine 1,58346.2634
8 Turkey 1,14671.0816
9 Poland 1,13838.1230
10 Netherlands 92716.4456
11 Kazakhstan 82515.6853
12 Belgium 68110.7164
13 Sweden 5779.2662
14 Czech Republic 51910.4350
15 Romania 45821.5121
16 Finland 4105.3177
17 Austria 3878.3446
18 Greece 35411.2431
19 Norway 3454.7772
20 Belarus 3279.6834
21 Switzerland 3117.7140
22 Portugal 28110.6226
23 Bulgaria 2307.6230
24 Denmark 2215.4940
25 Ireland 1744.4439
26 Azerbaijan 1558.6818
27 Croatia 1064.4324
28 Estonia 631.3447
29 Iceland 610.32191
30 Luxembourg 480.4998
31 Moldova 373.6310
32 Armenia 353.0811
33 Cyprus 300.8038
34 Malta 100.4123

Mtoe = 11.63 TWh primary energy, includes energy losses

Oil

Oil sources for the European Union with tendency forecast. Oileu.png
Oil sources for the European Union with tendency forecast.

Oil is one of the largest primary energy sources in Europe. It is mostly used for transportation and heating. Oil production is relatively low in Europe, with significant production only in the North Sea. Most of Europe's oil comes from imports (about 90% for the EU28).

Electricity

Renewable energy

The twelve newer EU Member States in Central and Eastern Europe planned to increase wind power capacity from the 6.4 gigawatts installed at the end of 2012 to 16 gigawatts by 2020. [3] [4]

If renewable electricity production in the EU continued to grow at the same rate as it did from 2005 to 2010, it would account for 36.4% of electricity in 2020 and 51.6% in 2030, following: [5] [6]

Renewable energy as a percentage of total electricity
20052006200720082009201020202030
13.614.21516.418.2213652

In March 2022, the European Commission released its comprehensive "REPowerEU" plan to promote renewable energy in Europe. [7] [8]

Generation and consumption

2021 Electricity in Europe – Generation and Consumption (GWh) [9]
CountryGenerationConsumptionImportsExportsDistribution losses
TotalNuclearFossil fuelsRenewableHydro-
electric
pumped storage
TotalHydro-
electricity
Geo-
thermal
Tide and waveSolarWindBiomass
and waste
European Union2,753,320696,3411,002,1881,064,830343,4366,177503163,321383,203168,191-10,0392,585,288399,051391,828175,256
Austria64,227013,75252,13538,751002,7226,4604,202-1,66068,53426,43618,8933,236
Belgium94,86447,89224,52122,749393005,56811,6925,096-29883,41315,19423,0703,574
Bulgaria41,52916,48716,9358,3274,819001,4971,421590-22030,3211,85710,6352
Croatia14,60304,24310,4217,1287501492,0581,012-6015,932117,5452
Cyprus4,87804,1007770004772445704,659000
Czechia76,64129,04237,83110,1302,409002,1845944,943-36261,91515,15326,2283,651
Denmark32,79307,16925,62416001,27816,0348,295038,18319,44512,9791,076
Estonia6,65303,4983,15525003057412,08408,8427,3334,704440
Finland69,65322,6309,53437,48915,766003058,18613,232083,72523,9996,7133,215
France530,418360,70448,048123,21058,85713348415,09536,90811,733-1,543447,44724,53269,36938,134
Germany557,14465,441260,790233,00019,252249049,992113,62449,883-2,087511,66051,33670,23726,582
Greece52,474030,83921,6605,909005,10610,471174-2552,1407,5833,8984,020
Hungary34,19115,11012,0936,9882021203,8966452,233043,91419,9677,2133,031
Ireland33,596022,34611,47275000799,712930-22232,6452,3098632,397
Italy274,1790159,842115,19244,7395,530025,03920,68719,198-856299,92246,5643,77017,051
Latvia5,53801,9583,5812,68900713774806,9174,6672,895394
Lithuania3,70401,3412,624384001911,354695-26111,82212,4793,435926
Luxembourg92102611,04410700223335379-3846,4966,7581,037147
Malta2,11201,8482640002561702,495547360
Netherlands117,4403,61874,90138,921840012,65518,0048,1770113,27820,88520,6324,414
Poland166,5570136,02130,8982,339003,83116,1818,547-363158,19415,10014,2129,250
Portugal47,469016,74531,14611,84617802,19213,0553,874-42247,7439,5454,7924,480
Romania55,01910,37718,54726,19517,377001,7036,508608-10050,5278,6976,4997
Slovakia27,19414,5906,0106,7024,1700067261,854-10826,10313,88613,0981,879
Slovenia14,8525,4194,1145,4194,712004536248-10013,7278,3878,658854
Spain259,40454,04083,365122,94429,62601925,93860,8336,528-946233,97717,38816,50626,309
Sweden165,26750,9921,534112,76271,086001,50727,30612,863-21130,7568,34133,9108,942

See also

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References

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