Cystobasidium

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Cystobasidium
Cystobasidium fimetarium iNaturalist photo 247882200.jpg
Cystobasidium fimetarium
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Cystobasidiomycetes
Order: Cystobasidiales
Family: Cystobasidiaceae
Genus: Cystobasidium
(Lagerh.) Neuhoff (1924)
Type species
Cystobasidium lasioboli
(Lagerh.) Neuhoff (1924)

Cystobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The type species is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on various ascomycetous fungi (including Lasiobolus and Thelebolus spp) on dung. [1] Microscopically, it has auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. Other species are known only from their yeast states. [2] The yeasts Cystobasidium minutum and C. calyptogenae are rare but known human pathogens. [3] [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus was originally described in 1898 by Swedish mycologist Gustaf Lagerheim as a subgenus of Jola [5] and later (1924) raised to a full genus by the German mycologist Walther Neuhoff. Its main distinguishing feature (microscopically) was the swollen, cyst-like probasidia from which the basidia emerge. [5] Only one species, Cystobasidium lasioboli, was originally described, but two further species with probasidia were added by subsequent authors. In 1999, British mycologist Peter Roberts noted that Tremella fimetaria Schum. (1803) was an earlier name for Cystobasidium lasioboli and proposed the new combination Cystobasidium fimetarium . [1]

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that Cystobasidium (based on the type species) is a monophyletic (natural) genus. An additional 20 or so yeast species have been added to the genus, most of which were formerly placed in Rhodotorula . [6] [2] [7]

Species

As of December 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 21 species of Cystobasidium: [8]

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 Roberts PJ (1999). "New British Records 164. Cystobasidium fimetarium (Schum.) P. Roberts comb. nov". Mycologist. 13: 171. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(99)80105-0.
  2. 1 2 Wang, Q.-M.; Yurkov, A.M.; Göker, M.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Leavitt, S.D.; Groenewald, M.; Theelen, B.; Liu, X.Z.; Boekhout, T.; Bai, F.Y. (2015). "Phylogenetic classification of yeasts and related taxa within Pucciniomycotina". Studies in Mycology. 81: 149–189. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.002. PMC   4777780 . PMID   26951631. S2CID   20745335.
  3. ↑ Inácio CP, Diniz MV, Araújo PS, Barros MS, Andrade MC, Lima-Neto RG, Macêdo DP, Neves RP (2020). "Bloodstream infection of a cancer patient by Cystobasidium minutum: A case report and literature review". Mycopathologia. 185 (2): 395–398. doi:10.1007/s11046-019-00415-x. PMID   31897974. S2CID   209528276.
  4. ↑ Karajacob AS, Goh JP, Kallarakkal TG, Tay ST (2022). "First isolation and identification of Cystobasidium calyptogenae from the oral samples of an elderly patient presenting with angular cheilitis". Eur J Med Res. 27 (1): 277. doi: 10.1186/s40001-022-00884-9 . PMC   9724278 . PMID   36471451.
  5. 1 2 Lagerheim G (1898). "Mykologische Studien 1: Beitrage zur Kenntnis der parasitischen Pilze, 1-3". Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. (Afd III). 24 (4): 1–21, 3p1.
  6. ↑ Yurkov AM, Kachalkin AV, Daniel HM, Groenewald M, Libkind D, de Garcia V, Zalar P, Gouliamova DE, Boekhout T, Begerow D (2015). "Two yeast species Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum f.a. sp. nov. and Cystobasidium rietchieii f.a. sp. nov. isolated from natural environments, and the transfer of Rhodotorula minuta clade members to the genus Cystobasidium". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 107 (1): 173–185. doi:10.1007/s10482-014-0315-0. hdl: 11336/12218 . PMID   25367339. S2CID   254239871.
  7. ↑ Li A, Yuan F, Groenewald M, Bensch K, Yurkov AM, Li K, Han P, Guo L, Aime MC, Sampaio JP, Jindamorakot S, Turchetti B, Inacio J, Fungsin B, Wang Q, Bai F (2020). "Diversity and phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts from plant leaves and soil: Proposal of two new orders, three new families, eight new genera and one hundred and seven new species". Studies in Mycology. 96: 17–140. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2020.01.002. PMC   7082220 . PMID   32206137.
  8. ↑ "Cystobasidium". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
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