Denny Substation

Last updated

Denny Substation
Denny Substation opening day (July 20, 2019) - 04.jpg
View from the south side
Denny Substation
General information
Type Electrical substation
Location1250 Denny Way
Seattle, Washington
Coordinates 47°37′08.8″N122°19′53.8″W / 47.619111°N 122.331611°W / 47.619111; -122.331611
Construction started2016
CompletedOctober 2018
InauguratedJuly 20, 2019
Cost$210 million
Owner Seattle City Light
Dimensions
Diameter184 ft (56 m)
Design and construction
Architecture firm NBBJ
EngineerPOWER Engineers
Structural engineerKPFF Consulting Engineers
Main contractor Walsh Construction

The Denny Substation is an electrical substation located in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, and operated by Seattle City Light. The facility takes up a whole city block along Denny Way and features a community center, interpretive exhibits, a dog park, and public art.

Contents

The substation was proposed in the early 2000s, during redevelopment of South Lake Union into a high-tech hub. A former Greyhound bus garage was acquired by Seattle City Light and demolished in 2014. Construction on the Denny Substation, including a street vacation to close part of Pontius Avenue, began in 2016 and was completed in 2018, at a cost of $210 million.

History

Under construction in early 2017 Denny Substation under construction, Feb. 2017.jpg
Under construction in early 2017

Historically, the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle, located to the north of downtown and east of the Seattle Center, was a manufacturing district whose electrical power was supplied by the Broad Street Substation. [1] [2] After the failure of the Seattle Commons plan in the 1990s, which proposed a large city park over the neighborhood, the land was opened for development by Paul Allen's Vulcan Real Estate, which envisioned it as a hub for biotech and high tech firms. [3] Vulcan and Seattle City Light began talks of collaborating to build a $160 million substation in Interbay or South Lake Union in 2003, [4] expecting the additional high tech firms to put a strain on the Broad Street substation and neighborhood lines laid in the early 2000s. [5] [6] In 2005, Seattle City Light determined that adding capacity at the Broad Street substation through new transformer banks would be sufficient for the area's needs until the mid-2010s. [2] [7]

Seattle City Light proposed demolishing the Greyhound bus garage on Denny Way for its new substation in 2006, [8] with consultants recommending that the city acquire the site for $40 million as soon as possible. [7] The site was purchased by Seattle City Light in October 2008 and vacated by Greyhound in 2010. [9] From 2012 to 2014, Seattle City Light demolished the Greyhound facility and removed contaminated soils in preparation for construction. [10] [11] During the period between environmental cleanup and the start of construction, the vacant lot was used for a series of temporary public art installations collectively called All Rise. [11] [12]

Final approval for the project was granted in August 2015 by the Seattle City Council, who also approved the substation's unconventional design incorporating public benefits in exchange for a street vacation. [13] Walsh Construction was awarded the construction contract for the substation project, working alongside subcontractors Valley Electric, W.A. Chester and Transcon. [14] Construction of the substation began in May 2016, [15] and by the end of the year, the first outer walls were erected. [16] The substation's three transformers, each weighing 6.5 short tons (5,900 kg), were installed in 2017. [17]

The Denny Substation was energized in April 2018 and was formally opened in October, [17] [18] becoming the first new substation built by Seattle City Light in 30 years. [16] [19] Construction of the substation required long-term closures of a westbound lane on Denny Way and postponed the installation of a bus lane on the street. [20] A formal opening ceremony was held on July 20, 2019, with remarks from city leaders and events sponsored by local businesses. [21] [22] The substation began supplying electricity later that year and is planned to be linked to another downtown substation after 2020. [23] [24]

Design

Opening day ceremonies at the Denny Substation on July 20, 2019 Denny Substation opening day (July 20, 2019) - 02.jpg
Opening day ceremonies at the Denny Substation on July 20, 2019

The Denny Substation features an unusual design that incorporates public spaces and community amenities into an otherwise utilitarian structure. [25] The 110,000 sq ft (10,000 m2) substation, designed by architectural firm NBBJ, is shaped in the form of an acute trapezoid, with its longest side facing Denny Way. [26] The structure slopes inward, allowing for sunlight to reach the open spaces surrounding the substation. [27] The outer walls use 35-foot-high (11 m) stainless steel panels (16 feet (4.9 m) above street level) [26] with a 1⁄4-mile (0.40 km) elevated pedestrian ramp to provide views of the cityscape and the substation's interior. [25] [28]

In exchange for a street vacation that eliminated a block of Pontius Avenue, the Denny Substation project is required to include public benefits. [29] The substation has 44,000 sq ft (4,100 m2) of open space located on its western side, including an off-leash area for dogs and public art. [28] [30] At the southeast corner of the facility is a community space with a gallery space, exhibit hall, a small theater, and an educational center known as the "Energy Inspiration Center". [31] A King County Metro bus stop on Denny Way will be integrated into the substation, with enhanced shelters and real-time arrival information. [30] [32] A sound art installation was placed in a nearby alley, projecting the noise of rushing water in reference to the hydroelectric facilities located around the region. [27]

The substation has two major pieces of public art, as part of the municipal percent for art program. Transforest by Lead Pencil Studio is a 110-foot-tall (34 m) sculpture that combines the forms of an old-growth tree and a modern transmission tower. On the exterior walls of the substation house Ned Khan's Switchwall, consisting of a strip of colored lights that change based on wind flows. [33] [34]

Earlier design concepts featured a more standard substation with 40-foot-high (12 m) walls, [25] or incorporating the facility into the base of a high-rise building. [35] The chosen design was described as a "a celebration of the functionality" and called the "coolest electrical substation ever" by Slate . [36] [37] Lead designer John Savo of NBBJ stated that they "[didn't] want it to be your grandfather's substation", desiring a facility that would "engage [with] the community, to make it an amenity and not a distraction". [38]

Cost

When first proposed in the 2000s, the substation project was estimated to cost up to $150 million because of space limits and mitigation. [7] The price rose to $174 million by 2014 after integration of public benefits and open space, as well as the relocation of the Amazon headquarters to nearby Denny Triangle. [39] [40] After the completion of design work and environmental cleanup in 2015, the substation's cost was revised to $210 million because of unexpected soil contamination and the need for newer electrical equipment. [41] [42] The substation's construction costs are funded by Seattle City Light through regular rate increases for customers as part of their six-year Strategic Plan. [42] [43]

Specifications

The Denny Substation will have an initial capacity of 50 Megavolt-ampere (MVA), and could increase to 405 MVA with facilities expansions. [44] An underground distribution network, scheduled to be completed in 2020, [16] will direct electricity from the substation to the Denny Triangle and South Lake Union neighborhoods. The substation will be connected to the Massachusetts Substation in SoDo via a 115-kilovolt (kV) transmission line through Downtown Seattle. [45] [46] The use of a gas-insulated switchgear in the Denny Substation will allow for a smaller footprint; [23] the facility will also use solar cells to produce its electricity and a heat recovery system. [28] [47] [48] Outside consultants hired by the city government in 2018 later concluded that the overall demand in the Denny Triangle and South Lake Union area would rise to 60 megawatts by 2027, far below the 180-megawatt capacity that the substation was designed for. [49]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Downtown Seattle</span> Central business district of Seattle, Washington, U.S.

Downtown is the central business district of Seattle, Washington. It is fairly compact compared with other city centers on the U.S. West Coast due to its geographical situation, being hemmed in on the north and east by hills, on the west by Elliott Bay, and on the south by reclaimed land that was once tidal flats. It is bounded on the north by Denny Way, beyond which are Lower Queen Anne, Seattle Center, and South Lake Union; on the east by Interstate 5, beyond which is Capitol Hill to the northeast and Central District to the east; on the south by S Dearborn Street, beyond which is Sodo; and on the west by Elliott Bay, a part of Puget Sound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1 Line (Sound Transit)</span> Light rail line serving Seattle, Washington

The 1 Line, formerly Central Link, is a light rail line in Seattle, Washington, United States, and part of Sound Transit's Link light rail system. It serves 19 stations in the cities of Seattle, SeaTac, and Tukwila, traveling nearly 25 miles (40 km) between Northgate and Angle Lake stations. The line connects the University District, Downtown Seattle, the Rainier Valley, and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. The 1 Line carried over 26 million total passengers in 2023, with an average of nearly 80,000 daily passengers on weekdays. It runs for 20 hours per day on weekdays and Saturdays, with headways of up to six minutes during peak hours, and reduced 18-hour service on Sundays and holidays.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NBBJ</span> American global architecture, planning and design firm

NBBJ is an American global architecture, planning and design firm with offices in Boston, Columbus, Hong Kong, London, Los Angeles, New York, Portland, Pune, San Francisco, Seattle, Shanghai, and Washington, D.C..

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Lake Union Streetcar</span> Streetcar line in Seattle, Washington

The South Lake Union Streetcar, officially the South Lake Union Line, is a streetcar route in Seattle, Washington, United States, forming part of the Seattle Streetcar system. It travels 1.3 miles (2.1 km) and connects Downtown Seattle to the South Lake Union neighborhood on Westlake Avenue, Terry Avenue, and Valley Street. The South Lake Union Streetcar was the first modern line to operate in Seattle, beginning service on December 12, 2007, two years after a separate heritage streetcar ceased operations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2 Line (Sound Transit)</span> Light rail line under construction in the Seattle metropolitan area

The East Link Extension, also known as the 2 Line, is a future light rail line serving the Eastside region of the Seattle metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Washington. It will be part of Sound Transit's Link light rail system, running 18 miles (29 km) from west to east and serving 12 stations in Downtown Seattle, Mercer Island, Bellevue, and Redmond. The first section of the 2 Line, between South Bellevue and Redmond Technology stations, is scheduled to open in 2024. It is planned to be followed in 2025 by an extension east to Downtown Redmond and west to Seattle, where it will continue into the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel and share stations with the 1 Line through to Lynnwood City Center station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International District/Chinatown station</span> Light rail station in Seattle, Washington

International District/Chinatown station is a light rail station that is part of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel in Seattle, Washington, United States. The station is located at the tunnel's south end, at 5th Avenue South and South Jackson Street in the Chinatown-International District neighborhood, and is served by the 1 Line of Sound Transit's Link light rail system. The station is located adjacent to Sound Transit headquarters at Union Station, as well as intermodal connections to Amtrak and Sounder commuter rail at King Street Station and the First Hill Streetcar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pioneer Square station</span> Light rail station in Seattle, Washington

Pioneer Square station is a light rail station that is part of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel in Seattle, Washington, United States. The station is located under 3rd Avenue at James Street, between University Street and International District/Chinatown stations. It is served by the 1 Line, part of Sound Transit's Link light rail system, and provides connections to local buses and Colman Dock, a major ferry terminal serving areas west of Seattle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westlake station (Sound Transit)</span> Light rail station in Seattle, Washington

Westlake station is a light rail station that is part of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel in Seattle, Washington, United States. The station is located under Pine Street between 3rd and 6th avenues in Downtown Seattle, near Westlake Center and Westlake Park. It is served by the 1 Line, part of Sound Transit's Link light rail system, and also connected above ground by buses at several stops, the South Lake Union Streetcar, and the Seattle Center Monorail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Washington station</span> Light rail station in Seattle, Washington

University of Washington station is a light rail station on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington, United States. The station is served by the 1 Line of Sound Transit's Link light rail system, which connects Northgate, Downtown Seattle, and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. University of Washington station is at the intersection of Montlake Boulevard Northeast and Northeast Pacific Street, adjacent to Husky Stadium and the University of Washington Medical Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capitol Hill station</span> Light rail station in Seattle, Washington

Capitol Hill station is a light rail station in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. The station is served by Sound Transit's Link light rail system and is located near the intersection of Broadway and East John Street. It is situated between the Westlake and University of Washington stations on the 1 Line. The station consists of an island platform approximately 65 feet (20 m) under street level, connected to three surface entrances via two mezzanines. It contains pieces of public art, including Mike Ross's sculpture Jet Kiss and two murals by cartoonist Ellen Forney.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Hill Streetcar</span> Streetcar line in Seattle, Washington

The First Hill Streetcar, officially the First Hill Line, is a streetcar route in Seattle, Washington, United States, forming part of the modern Seattle Streetcar system. It travels 2.5 miles (4.0 km) between several neighborhoods in central Seattle, including the International District, First Hill, and Capitol Hill. The line has ten stops and runs primarily in mixed traffic on South Jackson Street and Broadway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seattle Streetcar</span> Modern streetcar system in Seattle, Washington

The Seattle Streetcar is a system of two modern streetcar lines operating in the city of Seattle, Washington. The South Lake Union line opened first in 2007 and was followed by the First Hill line in 2016. The two lines are unconnected, but share similar characteristics: frequent service, station amenities, and vehicles. Streetcars typically arrive every 10–15 minutes most of the day, except late at night. The streetcar lines are owned by the Seattle Department of Transportation and operated by King County Metro. The system carried 1,093,500 passengers in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Day 1 (building)</span> 521-foot-tall office building in the Denny Triangle neighborhood of Seattle, Washington

Day 1, also known as Amazon Tower II and Rufus 2.0 Block 19, is a 521-foot-tall (159 m) office building in the Denny Triangle neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, located at the intersection of Lenora Street and 7th Avenue. It is part of the three-tower complex that serves as the headquarters of Amazon. The name "Day 1" previously belonged to two buildings on Amazon's South Lake Union campus, but both structures have since been renamed. The building's east facade features a large sign reading "Hello World". The construction project was the most expensive in the city to finish in 2016 amidst the recent downtown housing boom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spring District</span> Mixed-use development in Bellevue, Washington, U.S.

The Spring District is a transit-oriented development and neighborhood that is under construction in Bellevue, Washington. The 16-block, 36-acre (15 ha) development is centered around the Spring District station on the East Link Extension, a light rail line scheduled to open in early 2024. It is located in the Bel-Red area between Downtown Bellevue and Redmond, currently used for light industry, roughly bounded on the west by 120th Avenue NE and the Eastside Rail Corridor rail trail, on the north by a King County Metro bus base, on the east by 124th Avenue NE, and on the south by NE 12th Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kiara (building)</span> Residential skyscraper in Seattle, Washington

Kiara is a residential skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. The 40-story, 435-foot-tall (133 m) tower has 461 apartments and was completed in 2018. It is first skyscraper in the South Lake Union neighborhood and is one of the few highrise buildings outside the traditional boundaries of Downtown Seattle. The building is located at the intersection of Denny Way and Terry Avenue, near the headquarters of The Seattle Times and the Cornish College of the Arts. Kiara is owned by Pontegadea, who acquired the building in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Convention Place station</span> Defunct bus station in Seattle, Washington, U.S.

Convention Place was a bus station in Seattle, Washington, United States. It served as the northern terminus of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel and was used by King County Metro and Sound Transit Express buses. Link light rail, which stops at the tunnel's other four stations, did not serve Convention Place. From the station, buses continued onto the Interstate 5 reversible express lanes or Olive Way via two exits. The station's platforms were accessed via a plaza located at the intersection of Pine Street and 9th Avenue near the Washington State Convention Center and Paramount Theatre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rainier Square Tower</span> Future high-rise office and residential building in Seattle, Washington, United States

Rainier Square Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in the Metropolitan Tract of downtown Seattle, Washington. The 850-foot (260 m) tall, 58-story tower is located at Union Street between 4th and 5th Avenues adjacent to the existing Rainier Tower; it is the second-tallest building in Seattle. The $600 million project was completed in 2020, and is the tallest building constructed in the city since the construction of the Columbia Center in 1985.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amazon Spheres</span> Amazon workspace complex in Seattle, Washington

The Amazon Spheres are three spherical conservatories comprising part of the Amazon headquarters campus in Seattle, Washington, United States. Designed by NBBJ and landscape firm Site Workshop, its three glass domes are covered in pentagonal hexecontahedron panels and serve as an employee lounge and workspace. The spheres, which range from three to four stories tall, house 40,000 plants, as well as meeting space and retail stores. They are located adjoining the Day 1 building on Lenora Street. The complex opened to Amazon employees and limited public access on January 30, 2018. The spheres are reserved mainly for Amazon employees, but are open to the public through weekly headquarters tours and an exhibit on the ground floor.

Denny Way is an east–west arterial street in downtown Seattle, Washington, United States. It forms the northern end of the Belltown street grid as well as the boundaries of Belltown, Lower Queen Anne, South Lake Union, Denny Triangle, and Cascade. The street continues east through Capitol Hill to Madrona as a minor neighborhood street, ending near Madrona Park on Lake Washington.

References

  1. ↑ Fiset, Louis (April 9, 2001). "Seattle Neighborhoods: Cascade and South Lake Union — Thumbnail History". HistoryLink . Archived from the original on February 17, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  2. 1 2 Mulady, Kathy (April 28, 2005). "City in for big electrical bill as South Lake Union grows". Seattle Post-Intelligencer . Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  3. ↑ Godden, Jean (April 1, 2013). "Where ya going, South Lake Union?". Crosscut.com . Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  4. ↑ Young, Bob; McOmber, J. Martin (March 9, 2003). "Powering up South Lake Union: City Light plans $200 million in upgrades". The Seattle Times . p. B1. Archived from the original on August 29, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  5. ↑ Young, Bob (March 25, 2004). "Nickels will return $500 contribution from Vulcan". The Seattle Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on August 29, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  6. ↑ Young, Bob; McOmber, J. Martin (February 12, 2004). "Underground lines at South Lake Union? It's a tangle of issues for city". The Seattle Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on August 29, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 Young, Bob (September 26, 2007). "City told to buy substation land now". The Seattle Times. p. B2. Archived from the original on August 29, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  8. ↑ Miller, Brian (November 8, 2006). "Putting the Dog Down". Seattle Weekly . Archived from the original on January 24, 2007. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  9. ↑ Aspect Consulting (July 8, 2010). Former Greyhound Maintenance Facility – Groundwater Remediation Performance and Groundwater Monitoring Report: Third Quarter 2010 (Report). Seattle City Light. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  10. ↑ "Environmental Cleanup Complete at Future Denny Substation Site" (Press release). Seattle City Light. January 24, 2014. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  11. 1 2 Hudak, Courtney (March 25, 2014). "City Light serves up South Lake Union art, electric". Crosscut.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  12. ↑ Romano, Tricia (October 24, 2014). "In a vacant lot on Denny, artistic endeavors flourish". The Seattle Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  13. ↑ Seattle City Council (August 17, 2015). "Clerk File 314305". Office of the City Clerk of Seattle. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Walsh Group will start substation next month". Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce . January 15, 2016. Archived from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
  15. ↑ "Denny Substation Program". Seattle City Light. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  16. 1 2 3 "Outer wall goes up for Denny Substation". Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. December 30, 2016. Archived from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  17. 1 2 Minnick, Benjamin (March 6, 2018). "It's not just a facade: Huge angled walls screen new $208M Denny Substation" . Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  18. ↑ Kerr, Maggie (October 2018). "How the Denny Substation Will Help Supply Seattle's Growing Need for Power While Also Fueling Community". Seattle Magazine . Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  19. ↑ "Program Overview". Seattle City Light. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  20. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (October 5, 2017). "Bus-only lane on Denny Way is postponed". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  21. ↑ "Denny Substation Program: Celebrate with City Light". Seattle City Light. July 2019. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  22. ↑ Kerr, Maggie (December 2018). "Denny Substation Does More Than Just Send Power to Homes and Businesses". Seattle Business Magazine. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  23. 1 2 Beekman, Daniel (April 2, 2019). "High-priced substation built to fuel Seattle's high-tech hub" . The Seattle Times. p. A1. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  24. ↑ Schneider, Benjamin (August 2, 2019). "Meet Seattle's Snazzy New … Electrical Substation?". CityLab. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  25. 1 2 3 Stinson, Liz (July 11, 2016). "We Want To Hang Out At This Electrical Substation. No, Really". Wired . Archived from the original on December 6, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  26. 1 2 "Seattle City Light Denny Substation: Bold Design, Subtle Substation". NBBJ. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  27. 1 2 Sadick, Barbara (April 14, 2017). "A New Look for Urban Utility Structures". The Wall Street Journal . Archived from the original on June 4, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
  28. 1 2 3 "Substation Design". Seattle City Light. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  29. ↑ "Denny Substation Work Begins April 4 with One-Block Closure of Pontius Avenue North" (Press release). Seattle City Light. March 29, 2016. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  30. 1 2 "Denny Substation Project: Designing a One-of-a-Kind Substation" (PDF). Seattle City Light. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 25, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  31. ↑ Fesler, Stephen (July 29, 2015). "Seattle City Light's Denny Substation". The Urbanist. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  32. ↑ "Denny Substation 90% Design and Public Benefits" (PDF). Seattle Design Commission. February 19, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  33. ↑ Rupp, James (2018). Art in Seattle's Public Spaces. University of Washington Press. pp. 241–243. ISBN   9780295744087. OCLC   1031421566.
  34. ↑ "Artwork at the Denny Substation" (PDF). Seattle City Light. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  35. ↑ Young, Bob (April 15, 2013). "High-voltage debate about cost of next City Light substation". The Seattle Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  36. ↑ Ferris, David (March 15, 2016). "An electrical substation to delight the senses". E&E News . Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  37. ↑ Hohenadel, Kristin (September 15, 2016). "Seattle Is Building the Coolest Electrical Substation Ever". Slate . Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  38. ↑ Dunne, Carey (October 7, 2014). "World's Coolest Electrical Substation Has A Track And A Dog Park". FastCo.Design . Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  39. ↑ "$174M substation designed to be a good neighbor in SLU". Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. November 19, 2014. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  40. ↑ Stiles, Marc (April 1, 2013). "Amazon's growth drives up cost of electrical substation by 48 percent". Puget Sound Business Journal . Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  41. ↑ "City to start construction in 2016 on $210M Denny Way substation". Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. July 17, 2015. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  42. 1 2 "Costs Rise for Future Denny Substation" (Press release). Seattle City Light. June 29, 2015. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  43. ↑ "Denny Substation Project FAQ" (PDF). Seattle City Light. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  44. ↑ Denny Substation Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (PDF) (Report). Seattle City Light. January 22, 2015. p. 3-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 17, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  45. ↑ "Future Transmission". Seattle City Light. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  46. ↑ "Denny Substation Project: Keeping Pace With Seattle's Power Needs" (PDF). Seattle City Light. November 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 17, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  47. ↑ "Seattle Design Commission Approved Meeting Minutes, June 6, 2013" (PDF). Seattle Design Commission. June 6, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  48. ↑ "Denny Substation: A Look Inside" (PDF). Seattle City Light. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  49. ↑ Kroman, David (April 19, 2019). "Seattle went big on its new $210M power station — but did it need to?". Crosscut.com. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.