Desmanthus illinoensis

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Desmanthus illinoensis
Illinois Bundleflower 1.jpg
Desmanthus illinoensis
Illinois Bundleflower Flower.jpg
Desmanthus illinoensis flower heads
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Desmanthus
Species:
D. illinoensis
Binomial name
Desmanthus illinoensis
Synonyms [2]
List
    • Acacia brachyloba Willd. (1806)
    • Acacia glandulosa Willd. (1806)
    • Acuan glandulosum (Michx.) A.Heller (1900)
    • Acuan illinoense (Michx.) Kuntze (1891)
    • Darlingtonia brachyloba DC. (1825)
    • Darlingtonia brachyloba var. glandulosa (Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray (1840)
    • Darlingtonia brachyloba var. illinoensis (Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray (1840)
    • Darlingtonia brachyloba var. intermedia (Torr.) Torr. & A.Gray (1840)
    • Darlingtonia brevifolia Raf. (1836)
    • Darlingtonia glandulosa (Michx.) DC. (1825)
    • Darlingtonia illinoensis (Michx.) DC. ex Torr. (1827)
    • Darlingtonia intermedia Torr. (1827)
    • Desmanthus brachylobus Benth. (1841)
    • Desmanthus brachylobus var. glandulosus (Michx.) Engelm. & A.Gray (1845)
    • Desmanthus falcatus Scheele (1848)
    • Desmanthus illinoensis var. glandulosus (Michx.) J.F.Macbr. (1919)
    • Inga magdalenae Spreng. ex DC. (1825)
    • Mimosa brachyloba Muhl. ex Steud. (1841)
    • Mimosa contortuplicata Zuccagni (1806)
    • Mimosa glandulosa Michx. (1803)
    • Mimosa illinoensis Michx. (1803)

Desmanthus illinoensis, commonly known as Illinois bundleflower, prairie-mimosa or prickleweed, is a common plant in the central and southern United States.

Contents

Chemistry

Root bark of D. illinoensis has been found to contain N,N-DMT, NMT, N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and gramine (toxic).[ citation needed ]

Habitat

The plant can be found in many areas of the south, central, and midwestern United States.

It can often be found growing on the sides of roads, particularly on southern exposures, needing full sun and ample moisture during its short growing season. The mature plants often grow and flower in mowed areas. In many parts of its native habitat, road sides are only mowed twice a year. In the late spring and again in late fall. The early mowing helps clear away competitors that might impede growth. The late mowing chops up the dry seed pods resulting in some scarification and resulting in better germination.

USDA hardiness zones 5–8 are recommended for outside cultivation. The waxy seed coat needs to be scarified prior to planting.

Toxicity

The root bark contains gramine, which is toxic to some animals. [3]

Uses

Nutrition

The plant is nutritious and high in protein. [4]

Desmanthus illinoensis seeds Desmanthus illinoensis seeds.jpg
Desmanthus illinoensis seeds

The Land Institute in Salina, Kansas has done extensive research into the food uses of the seeds of this plant. Studies found the dry seeds composed of 38% protein, compared to 40% for soybeans. [5]

Ayahuasca analogue

To produce prairiehuasca, the root bark is mixed with a native source of beta-Carbolines (e.g., passion flower in North America) to produce a hallucinogenic plant concoction analogous to the shamanic South American brew ayahuasca. [6]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Desmanthus</i> Genus of legumes

Desmanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the pea family, Fabaceae. The name is derived from the Greek words δεσμός (desmos), meaning "bundle", and ἄνθος (anthos), meaning "flower". It contains about 24 species of herbs and shrubs that are sometimes described as being suffruticose and have bipinnate leaves. Desmanthus is closely related to Leucaena and in appearance is similar to Neptunia. Like Mimosa and Neptunia, Desmanthus species fold their leaves in the evening. They are native to Mexico and North, Central and South America. Members of the genus are commonly known as bundleflowers. Donkey beans is another common name and originated in Central America, where Desmanthus species are highly regarded as fodder for these domestic draught animals.

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Senegalia berlandieri is a shrub native to the Southwestern United States and northeast Mexico that belongs to the Mimosoid clade of Fabaceae. It grows 1 to 5 metres tall, with blossoms that are spherical and white, occurring from February through April. The berlandieri epithet comes from the name of Jean-Louis Berlandier, a French naturalist who studied wildlife native to Texas and Mexico. S. berlandieri contains a wide variety of alkaloids and has been known to cause toxic reactions in domestic animals such as goats.

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<i>Desmanthus leptolobus</i> Species of legume

Desmanthus leptolobus, known as prairie mimosa, prairie bundleflower or slenderlobe bundleflower, is a flowering plant of the genus Desmanthus. It is native to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas and has spread to Missouri and New Mexico. It is often locally abundant over large expanses of rolling prairie.

<i>Mimosa scabrella</i> Species of plant

Mimosa scabrella is a tree in the family Fabaceae. It is very fast-growing and it can reach a height of 15 m (49 ft) tall in only 3 years. Its trunk is about 0.1–0.5 m (3.9–19.7 in) in diameter. It has yellow flowers.

<i>Sesbania punicea</i> Species of legume

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<i>Desmanthus velutinus</i> Species of legume

Desmanthus velutinus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name velvet bundleflower. It is native to New Mexico and Texas in the United States and Coahuila in Mexico. It may also occur in Oklahoma.

<i>Desmanthus virgatus</i> Species of legume

Desmanthus virgatus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family that is known by many common names, including wild tantan, prostrate bundleflower, dwarf koa, desmanto, acacia courant, acacia savane, pompon blank, adormidera, brusca prieta, frijolillo, ground tamarind, guajillo, guashillo, huarangillo, langalet, petit acacia, petit cassie, petit mimosa, virgate mimosa, and slender mimosa, as well as simply desmanthus. It is native to the American tropics and subtropics but is present elsewhere as an introduced species. In some areas it is cultivated as a fodder and forage crop.

<i>Calliandra calothyrsus</i> Species of legume

Calliandra calothyrsus is a small leguminous tree or large shrub in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the tropics of Central America where its typical habitat is wet tropical forests or seasonally dry forests with a dry season of four to seven months, when it may become deciduous. This tree grows to about 6 m (20 ft) and has pinnate compound leaves and flowers with a boss of prominent reddish-purple stamens. It is not very drought-tolerant, and the above-ground parts can be short-lived in case of severe drought lasting many months, but the roots regularly resprout.

References

  1. NatureServe (2024). "Desmanthus illinoensis". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  2. "Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  3. "NCATS Inxight Drugs — GRAMINE". drugs.ncats.io. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  4. Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 527. ISBN   0-394-50432-1.
  5. "Illinois Bundleflower: Prospects For A Perennial Seed Crop". landinstitute.org. 27 September 1992. Retrieved 2017-05-08.
  6. Hegnauer, R.; Hegnauer, M. (1996). Caesalpinioideae und Mimosoideae Volume 1 Part 2. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 199. ISBN   9783764351656.