Dialipina

Last updated

Dialipina
Temporal range: Lochkovian to Emsian
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Superclass: Osteichthyes
Genus: Dialipina
Schultze, 1968
Type species
Dialipina salgueiroensis
Schultze, 1968
Species
  • D. markaeSchultze, 1992
  • D. salgueiroensisSchultze, 1968

Dialipina is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine bony fish from the Early Devonian. [1] [2] It contains two species, both known from the high Arctic of Asia and North America. It was initially thought to be and sometimes still is treated as an early, basal actinopterygian, [3] [4] [5] but recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that it may instead be a stem-osteichthyan. [6] [7]

Contents

The following species are known: [1]

The early Devonian stem-gnathostome Janusiscus was described from remains from the Siberian mainland that were previously attributed to D. markae. [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chondrichthyes</span> Class of jawed cartilaginous fishes

Chondrichthyes is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or bony fish, which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gnathostomata</span> Infraphylum of vertebrates

Gnathostomata are the jawed vertebrates. Gnathostome diversity comprises roughly 60,000 species, which accounts for 99% of all living vertebrates, including humans. Most gnathostomes have retained ancestral traits like true teeth, a stomach, and paired appendages. Other traits are elastin, a horizontal semicircular canal of the inner ear, myelin sheaths of neurons, and an adaptive immune system which has discrete lymphoid organs, and uses V(D)J recombination to create antigen recognition sites, rather than using genetic recombination in the variable lymphocyte receptor gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarcopterygii</span> Class of fishes

Sarcopterygii — sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii — is a clade of vertebrate animals which includes a group of bony fish commonly referred to as lobe-finned fish. These vertebrates are characterised by prominent muscular limb buds (lobes) within their fins, which are supported by articulated appendicular skeletons. This is in contrast to the other clade of bony fish, the Actinopterygii, which have only skin-covered bony spines supporting the fins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acanthodii</span> Paraphyletic group of cartilaginous fishes

Acanthodii or acanthodians is an extinct class of gnathostomes. They are currently considered to represent a paraphyletic grade of various fish lineages basal to extant Chondrichthyes, which includes living sharks, rays, and chimaeras. Acanthodians possess a mosaic of features shared with both osteichthyans and chondrichthyans. In general body shape, they were similar to modern sharks, but their epidermis was covered with tiny rhomboid platelets like the scales of holosteians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Placoderm</span> Extinct Class of Fishes

Placoderms are vertebrate animals of the class Placodermi, an extinct group of prehistoric fish known from Paleozoic fossils during the Silurian and the Devonian periods. While their endoskeletons are mainly cartilaginous, their head and thorax were covered by articulated armoured plates, and the rest of the body was scaled or naked depending on the species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthrodira</span> Extinct order of fishes

Arthrodira is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of placoderms.

Meemannia is a genus of extinct bony fish from the early Devonian period. It was initially classified as a lobe-finned fish; however, a restudy conducted by Lu et al. (2016) indicates that it was actually an early-diverging ray-finned fish. It was found in Yunnan, China. As preserved, it consists mainly of skull roofing bones and a partial otic region of the braincase. Its anatomy is unique in a number of features that resemble ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), and more generalized jawed vertebrates.

<i>Psarolepis</i> Extinct genus of fishes

Psarolepis is a genus of extinct bony fish which lived around 397 to 418 million years ago. Fossils of Psarolepis have been found mainly in South China and described by paleontologist Xiaobo Yu in 1998. It is not known certainly in which group Psarolepis belongs, but paleontologists agree that it probably is a basal genus and seems to be close to the common ancestor of lobe-finned and ray-finned fishes. In 2001, paleontologist John A. Long compared Psarolepis with onychodontiform fishes and refer to their relationships.

Andreolepis is an extinct genus of prehistoric fish, which lived around 420 million years ago. It was described by Walter Gross in 1968 based on scales found in the Hemse Formation in Gotland, Sweden. It is placed in the monogeneric family Andreolepididae and is generally regarded as a primitive member of the class Actinopterygii based on its ganoid scale structure; however some new research regards it as a stem group of osteichthyans.

The Xitun Formation is a palaeontological formation which is named after Xitun village in Qujing, a location in South China. This formation includes many remains of fossilized fish and plants of the Early Devonian period. It was originally referred to as the Xitun Member of the Cuifengshan Formation.

Guiyu oneiros is one of the earliest articulated bony fish discovered. Fossils of Guiyu have been found in what is now Qujing, Yunnan, China, in late Silurian marine strata, about 425 million years old.

<i>Ligulalepis</i> Extinct genus of osteichthyans

Ligulalepis is an extinct genus of stem-osteichthyans which lived from the Silurian to the Early Devonian. Ligulalepis was first described from isolated scales found in the Taemas-Wee jasper limestones of New South Wales by Hans-Peter Schultze (1968) and further material described by Burrow (1994). A nearly complete skull found in the same general location was described in Nature by Basden et al. (2000) claiming the genus was closely related to basal ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii). In 2015 Flinders University student Benedict King found a more complete new skull of this genus which was formally described by Clement et al. (2018), showing Ligulalepis to be on the stem of all osteichthyans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evolution of fish</span> Origin and diversification of fish through geologic time

The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish. Early examples include Haikouichthys. During the late Cambrian, eel-like jawless fish called the conodonts, and small mostly armoured fish known as ostracoderms, first appeared. Most jawless fish are now extinct; but the extant lampreys may approximate ancient pre-jawed fish. Lampreys belong to the Cyclostomata, which includes the extant hagfish, and this group may have split early on from other agnathans.

Cosmine is a spongy, bony material that makes up the dentine-like layers in the scales of the lobe-finned fishes of the class Sarcopterygii. Fish scales that include layers of cosmine are known as cosmoid scales.

<i>Entelognathus</i> Placoderm fish from the late Ludlow epoch of the Silurian period

Entelognathus primordialis is an early placoderm from the late Silurian of Qujing, Yunnan, 419 million years ago.

Janusiscus schultzei is an extinct gnathostome vertebrate dating from the Early Devonian period in Siberia, approximately 415 million years ago. It may be the sister group of the last common ancestor of Chondrichthyes or Osteichthyes. This makes J. schultzei a sister species to all living jawed vertebrates. The species name is in honor of Hans-Peter Schultze; the genus named after Janus, the Roman god of duality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sam Giles</span> Paleontologist

Sam Giles is a palaeobiologist and Professor in Vertebrate Palaeontology at the University of Birmingham. Her research combines modern imaging with fossils to understand the evolution of life, in particular that of early fish, and in 2015 "rewrote" the vertebrate family tree. She was a 2017 L'Oréal-UNESCO Rising Star and won the 2019 Geological Society of London Lyell Fund.

<i>Qianodus</i> Extinct Silurian chondrichthyan genus

Qianodus is a jawed vertebrate genus that is based on disarticulated teeth from the lower Silurian of China. The type and only species of Qianodus, Q. duplicis, is known from compound dental elements called tooth whorls, each consisting of multiple tooth generations carried by a spiral-shaped base. The tooth whorls of Qianodus represent the oldest unequivocal remains of a toothed vertebrate, predating previously recorded occurrences by about 14 million years. The specimens attributed to the genus come from limestone conglomerate beds of the Rongxi Formation exposed near the village of Leijiatun, Guizhou Province, China. These horizons have been interpreted as tidal deposits1 that form part of the shallow marine sequences of the Rongxi Formation.

Min Zhu, is a Chinese paleontologist at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), a CAS Member. He completed his undergraduate studies at Nanjing University and completed his PhD thesis at IVPP. He is currently leading a research team from IVPP. The latest findings from his team are unearthed from two new fossil depositories, shedding light on the rise of jawed vertebrates

References

  1. 1 2 "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  2. Zhao, Wen-Jin; Zhu, Min (1 March 2010). "Siluro-Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy and biogeography of China". Palaeoworld. 19 (1): 4–26. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2009.11.007. ISSN   1871-174X.
  3. Ahlberg, Per Erik, ed. (2001-02-15). Major Events in Early Vertebrate Evolution. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/b12434. ISBN   978-1-134-56886-4.
  4. Zhu, Min; Yu, Xiaobo; Wang, Wei; Zhao, Wenjin; Jia, Liantao (2006). "A primitive fish provides key characters bearing on deep osteichthyan phylogeny". Nature. 441 (7089): 77–80. doi:10.1038/nature04563. ISSN   1476-4687.
  5. Schultze, Hans-Peter; Cumbaa, Stephen L. (2017). "A new Early Devonian (Emsian) arthrodire from the Northwest Territories, Canada, and its significance for paleogeographic reconstruction". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (5): 461–476. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0013. hdl: 1807/76893 . ISSN   0008-4077.
  6. Friedman, Matt (January 2007). "Styloichthys as the oldest coelacanth: Implications for early osteichthyan interrelationships". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5 (3): 289–343. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002052.
  7. 1 2 Giles, Sam; Friedman, Matt; Brazeau, Martin D. (2 April 2015). "Osteichthyan-like cranial conditions in an Early Devonian stem gnathostome". Nature. 520 (7545): 82–85. doi:10.1038/nature14065. PMC   5536226 . PMID   25581798.