Dinokanaga Temporal range: | |
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Dinokanaga andersoni holotype | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Mecoptera |
Family: | † Dinopanorpidae |
Genus: | † Dinokanaga Archibald, 2005 |
Species | |
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Dinokanaga is a small genus of scorpionfly belonging to the extinct family Dinopanorpidae. [1] The six species D. andersoni, D. dowsonae, D. hillsi, D. sternbergi, D. webbi, and D. wilsoni have all been recovered from Eocene fossil sites in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington state, United States. [1]
Dinokanaga is a combination of the Greek word deino meaning "terrible" or "monstrous" and okanaga in reference to the Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil sites where the specimens have been recovered. [1] The type description of the genus was first published in 2005 by Dr. Bruce Archibald in the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. [1] Description of the new genus was based on the study of over 20 compression fossil specimens from five fossil producing locations in the highlands. Dinokanaga and Dinopanorpa , currently the only known genera in the family Dinopanorpidae, are distinguished by a number of wing vein characters including lack of fine reticulated crossveins in Dinopanorpa, and the "Rs" vein branched 3-5 times in Dinokanaga. [1] The fossil specimens of high preservation quality sometimes show the original color patterning, being mostly dark with light to clear areas. [1] Within the genus wing characters are key to separating the species.
Dinokanaga hillsi, the type species, is identified by its subtriangular shaped wing which is widest at the middle, color pattern of three distinct dots, and an apical wing margin which is smoothly curved. [1] D. hillsi along with D. dowsonae are the only two species in which part of the insects body is known, rather than just isolated wings. [1] Though known from a number of specimens D. hillsi has only been found at the McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, British Columbia, and is named for Dr. Len Hills. [1]
D. dowsonae is identified by the penniform shape of the wings, and by the size which is larger than similar shaped wings in the other species. D. dowsonae is he most wide spread of the species, occurring at three different fossil sites in the Okanagan Highlands while the five other species are restricted to a single site each. [1] This species is named in honor of Shelley Dowson, collector of one of the specimen paratypes.
D. andersoni is known from only the holotype specimen, collected and housed at the Stonerose Interpretive Center in Republic, Washington. [1] The species is notably narrower in the preserved areas of the holotype wing then other species. The species was named in honor of Eric Anderson who first collected the type specimen in 2001.
The third species found in Republic is D. sternbergi, known from a 28 millimetres (1.1 in) long wing collected by Michael Sternberg in 1995, and for whom the species is named. [1] The species is distinguished by the short length of the "Sc" vein and small size, D. webbi being the only species smaller in wing size.
Only a single poorly preserved D. wilsoni hindwing has been found, but the shape is distinct enough to separate it from the other Dinokanaga species, being broadly a rounded oval. [1] The sole specimen was found the Whipsaw Creek locality of the Allenby Formation near Princeton, British Columbia, and named for Dr. Mark Wilson of the University of Alberta. [1]
Easily distinguished from the other species, D. webbi is the smallest species of Dinokanaga with a hindwing only 24 millimetres (0.94 in) long and having numerous simple crossveins with only patches developing into a reticulated patterning. The type specimen was found in "Horsefly shale" outcrops along the Horsefly River near Horsefly, British Columbia, and the species named in honor of Robin Webb of British Columbia. [1]
Florissantia is an extinct genus of flowering plants in the Malvaceae subfamily Sterculioideae known from western North America and far eastern Asia. Flower, fruit, and pollen compression fossils have been found in formations ranging between the Early Eocene through to the Early Oligocene periods. The type species is Florissantia speirii and three additional species are known, Florissantia ashwillii, Florissantia quilchenensis, and Florissantia sikhote-alinensis.
Tilia johnsoni is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae that, as a member of the genus Tilia, is related to modern lindens. The species is known from fossil leaves found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington state, United States and a similar aged formation in British Columbia, Canada.
Archiinocellia is an extinct genus of snakefly in the family Raphidiidae known from Eocene fossils found in western North America. The genus contains two species, the older Archiinocellia oligoneura and the younger Archiinocellia protomaculata. The type species is of Ypresian age and from the Horsefly Shales of British Columbia, while the younger species from the Lutetian Green River Formation in Colorado. Archiinocellia protomaculata was first described as Agulla protomaculata, and later moved to Archiinocellia.
Dinopanorpidae is a small family of extinct insects in the order Mecoptera (scorpionflies) that contains two genera and seven species.
Dinopanorpa is an extinct monotypic genus of scorpionfly that contains the single species Dinopanorpa megarche and is the type genus of the extinct family Dinopanorpidae. The genus is known from a single hindwing specimen, the holotype, currently deposited in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, as number "69173", and which was first described by Dr Theodore D.A. Cockerell in 1924. The name is a combination of the Greek deino meaning "terrible" or "monstrous" and "Panorpa", the type genus of Panorpidae the family in which Dinopanorpa was first placed.
Pseudosiobla campbelli is an extinct species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae that is known from early Eocene Ypresian stage lake deposits near the unincorporated community of Horsefly, British Columbia.
Palaeoperenethis is an extinct monotypic genus of nursery web spider family Pisauridae, and at present, it contains the single species Palaeoperenethis thaleri. The genus is solely known from Early Eocene, Ypresian Okanagan Highlands deposits in the Cariboo region of British Columbia, Canada.
Eriocampa tulameenensis is an extinct species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae that is known from early to early middle Eocene lake deposits near the small community of Princeton, British Columbia in the Similkameen region.
Acer hillsi is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a single fossil samara. The species is solely known from the Early Eocene sediments exposed in northeast Washington state, United States and the adjacent area of south central British Columbia, Canada. It is one of only two species belonging to the extinct section Stewarta.
Eorpidae is a small family of extinct insects in the scorpionfly order, Mecoptera, which contains a single genus, Eorpa. Three Eocene age species found in Western North America have been placed into the genus: E. elverumi, E. jurgeni, and E. ypsipeda.
Cuspilongus is an extinct genus of symphytan wasps in the sawfly family Cephidae and the only genus in the subfamily Cuspilonginae. At the time of its description, the genus comprised a single species, Cuspilongus cachecreekensis. A second species, Cuspilongus ghilarovi, was transferred from Mesocephus, which it had been ascribed to at the time of description in 1988. The genus is known from fossils found in the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia and Early Eocene of Canada.
Palaeopsychops is an extinct genus of lacewing in the moth lacewings family Ithonidae. The genus is known from Early Eocene fossils found in Europe, and North America and is composed of ten species. The ten species can be informally separated into two species groups based on veination of the forewings, the "European" and "North American" groups. When first described, the genus was placed in the family Psychopsidae, but later was moved to Polystoechotidae, which itself is now considered a subgroup of the moth lacewings.
Acer spitzi is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a single fossil samara. The species is solely known from the Early Eocene sediments exposed in northeast Washington state, United States. It is the only species belonging to the extinct section Spitza.
Dipteronia brownii is an extinct species in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) described in 2001. Fossils of D. brownii are known from stratigraphic formations in North America and Asia ranging in age between Paleocene to Early Oligocene.
Plecia canadensis is an extinct species of Plecia in the fly family Bibionidae. The species is solely known from Early Eocene sediments exposed in central southern British Columbia. The species is one of twenty bibionid species described from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands paleofauna.
Eoseira is an extinct genus of diatoms belonging to the family Aulacoseiraceae and containing the single species Eoseira wilsonii. The species is dated to the Early Eocenes Ypresian stage and have only been found at the type locality in east central British Columbia.
Promastax is a genus of "monkey grasshoppers" belonging to the extinct monotypic family Promastacidae and containing the single species Promastax archaicus. The species is dated to the Early Eocenes Ypresian stage and has only been found at the type locality in east central British Columbia.
Plecia avus is an extinct species of Plecia in the March fly family Bibionidae and is solely known from Early Eocene sediments exposed in central southern British Columbia. The species is one of twenty bibionid species described from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands.
Polystoechotites is an extinct parataxon of lacewings in the moth lacewing family Ithonidae. The taxon is a collective group for fossil polystechotid giant lacewing species whose genus affiliation is uncertain, but which are distinct enough to identify as segregate species. Polystoechotites species are known from Eocene fossils found in North America and is composed of four named species Polystoechotites barksdalae, Polystoechotites falcatus, Polystoechotites lewisi, and Polystoechotites piperatus, plus two unnamed species. Three of the described species are known from fossils recovered from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands of Washington State, while the fourth is from Colorado.
Republicopteron is an extinct orthopteran genus in the katydid-like family Palaeorehniidae with a single described species, Republicopteron douseae.