Choristoneura fumiferana, the eastern spruce budworm, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae native to the eastern United States and Canada. The caterpillars feed on the needles of spruce and fir trees. Eastern spruce budworm populations can experience significant oscillations, with large outbreaks sometimes resulting in wide scale tree mortality. The first recorded outbreaks of the spruce budworm in the United States occurred in about 1807, and sincee 1909 there have been waves of budworm outbreaks throughout the eastern United States and Canada. In Canada, the major outbreaks occurred in periods circa 1910–20, c. 1940–50, and c. 1970–80, each of which impacted millions of hectares of forest. Longer-term tree-ring studies suggest that spruce budworm outbreaks have been recurring approximately every three decades since the 16th century, and paleoecological studies suggest the spruce budworm has been breaking out in eastern North America for thousands of years.
Dioryctria sylvestrella, the new pine knot-horn or maritime pine borer, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in Europe, parts of Asia and North Africa. The adult is a small mottled brown and white insect with a wingspan of 28 to 35 mm. The moth flies in a single generation from June to October and is a pest of maritime pine and several other species of pine, on which the caterpillars feed.
Cydia strobilella, the spruce seed moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Europe.
Dioryctria auranticella, the ponderosa pineconeworm moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1883. It is found in western North America from southern British Columbia south to California and Arizona, east to South Dakota and New Mexico.
Dioryctria resinosella, the red pine shoot moth, is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae described by Akira Mutuura in 1982. It is found in Ontario and the northern United States.
Dioryctria ebeli, the south coastal coneworm moth, is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in the US states of Florida, the southern parts of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Massachusetts, and south-eastern Louisiana.
Dioryctria disclusa, the webbing coneworm or rusty pine cone moth, is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in North America from New Brunswick to Florida, west to Texas and north to Manitoba.
Dioryctria abietivorella, the fir coneworm, is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1878, and is found in North America from southern Canada south to California in the west and North Carolina in the east.
Dioryctria batesella is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Mutuura and Neunzig, in 1986, and is known from Guatemala, Nicaragua and Honduras.
Dioryctria cibriani is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Mutuura and Neunzig, in 1986, and is known from Mexico.
Dioryctria rossi is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. This moth was discovered and named by Dr. Douglas Alexander Ross, chief entomologist at the Vernon forest entomology laboratory and research centre in Vernon, British Columbia, from 1950 to 1970. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1959. It is found in western North America, from southern British Columbia to northern Mexico and east to New Mexico.
Dioryctria martini is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Mutuura and Neunzig in 1986. It is found in Mexico.
Dioryctria merkeli, the loblolly pine coneworm moth, is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Akira Mutuura and Eugene G. Munroe in 1979 and is found in the eastern United States including Maryland, Texas, Mississippi, Georgia and Florida.
Dioryctria monticolella is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Mutuura, Munroe and Ross, in 1969, and is known from southern British Columbia, Canada.
Dioryctria pygmaeella, the baldcypress coneworm moth, is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887 and is restricted to the coastal plains of the eastern United States and eastern Texas.
Dioryctria tumicolella is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Akira Mutuura, Eugene G. Munroe and Douglas Alexander Ross in 1969, and is known from British Columbia, Canada, but is possibly present in all of north-western North America.
Dioryctria vancouverella is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Akira Mutuura, Eugene G. Munroe and Douglas Alexander Ross in 1969, and is known from southern British Columbia, Canada. It is named for the city of Vancouver, from which the type specimen was collected.
Dioryctria yatesi, the mountain pine coneworm, is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Mutuura and Munroe in 1979, and is limited to the mountains of the coastal south-eastern United States and Tennessee.
Dioryctria yiai is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Akira Mutuura and Eugene G. Munroe in 1972 and is known from Taiwan and China.
Megastigmus atedius is a species of minute wasp that feeds on white spruce seed and cones. The damage it causes is largely undetected because the larvae complete their development hidden inside the seeds, which reveal no external indication of this. Although species of Megastigmus are said to be host-specific, the spruce seed chalcid found near Fairbanks, Alaska, was identified by E.H. Holsten and others in 1980 as M. piceae, while A.H. Rose and O.H. Lindquist applied the name Megastigmus piceae, but gave the authority as Rohwer.
