Dipoena

This article is about the genus of spiders. For the town in ancient Arcadia, Greece, see Dipoena (Arcadia).

Dipoena
Dipoena malkini, female
Dipoena nigra, female
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Theridiidae
Genus:	Dipoena Thorell, 1869 [1]
Type species
D. melanogaster (C. L. Koch, 1837)
Species
162, see text
Synonyms [1]
PaoningiaSchenkel, 1936 [2] Stictoxena Simon, 1894 [2] Umfila Keyserling, 1886 [2]

Dipoena is a genus of tangle-web spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869. ^[3]

Species

As of September 2019 ^[update] it contains 162 species, found in Asia, Central America, North America, Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, South America, on Vanuatu, and in Australia: ^[1]

• D. abdita Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 – USA, Mexico, Caribbean
• D. aculeata (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania)
• D. adunca Tso, Zhu & Zhang, 2005 – Taiwan
• D. ahenea (Dyal, 1935) – Pakistan
• D. anahuas Levi, 1963 – Mexico
• D. anas Levi, 1963 – Panama, Colombia
• D. appalachia Levi, 1953 – USA, Canada
• D. arborea Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
• D. atlantica Chickering, 1943 – Panama to Paraguay
• D. augara Levi, 1963 – Venezuela, Brazil
• D. austera Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia)
• D. banksi Chickering, 1943 – Costa Rica to Venezuela
• D. bellingeri Levi, 1963 – Jamaica
• D. beni Levi, 1963 – Bolivia
• D. bernardino Levi, 1963 – USA
• D. bifida Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
• D. bimini Levi, 1963 – Bahama Is., Cuba
• D. bodjensis (Simon, 1885) – Indonesia (Bodjo Is.)
• D. bonitensis Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
• D. boquete Levi, 1963 – Panama
• D. braccata (C. L. Koch, 1841) – Europe, Mediterranean, Caucasus
• D. bristowei Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
• D. bryantae Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Trinidad, Brazil
• D. buccalis Keyserling, 1886 – North America
• D. calvata Gao & Li, 2014 – China
• D. cartagena Sedgwick, 1973 – Chile
• D. cathedralis Levi, 1953 – China, USA
• D. chathami Levi, 1953 – USA
• D. chickeringi Levi, 1953 – Panama
• D. chillana Levi, 1963 – Chile
• D. cidae Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
• D. complexa Gao & Li, 2014 – China
• D. cordiformis Keyserling, 1886 – Costa Rica to Brazil
• D. cornuta Chickering, 1943 – Nicaragua to Bolivia
• D. croatica (Chyzer, 1894) – Eastern Europe
• D. crocea (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) – Guatemala
• D. destricta Simon, 1903 – Sierra Leone
• D. dominicana Wunderlich, 1986 – Hispaniola
• D. dorsata Muma, 1944 – USA to Paraguay
• D. duodecimpunctata Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Venezuela, Brazil
• D. eatoni Chickering, 1943 – Mexico, Panama
• D. ericae Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
• D. erythropus (Simon, 1881) – Europe
• D. esra Levi, 1963 – Peru, Brazil
• D. flavomaculata (Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil
• D. foliata Keyserling, 1886 – Brazil
• D. fornicata Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar
• D. fortunata Levi, 1953 – Mexico
• D. fozdoiguacuensis Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
• D. galilaea Levy & Amitai, 1981 – Greece, Israel
• D. glomerabilis Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
• D. grammata Simon, 1903 – Gabon
• D. granulata (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil, Argentina
• D. guaraquecaba Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
• D. gui Zhu, 1998 – China
• D. hasra Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra)
• D. hortoni Chickering, 1943 – Panama to Brazil
• D. hui Zhu, 1998 – China
• D. insulana Chickering, 1943 – Mexico to Panama
• D. ira Levi, 1963 – Brazil
• D. isthmia Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Brazil
• D. josephus Levi, 1953 – Costa Rica, Panama
• D. keumunensis Paik, 1996 – Korea
• D. keyserlingi Levi, 1963 – Brazil
• D. kuyuwini Levi, 1963 – Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia
• D. lana Levi, 1953 – USA, Panama
• D. latifrons Denis, 1951 – France, Spain (Balearic Is.)?
• D. lesnei Simon, 1899 – Algeria
• D. leveillei (Simon, 1885) – Algeria, Tunisia
• D. liguanea Levi, 1963 – Jamaica
• D. lindholmi (Strand, 1910) – Ukraine
• D. linzhiensis Hu, 2001 – China
• D. longiducta Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
• D. longiventris (Simon, 1905) – Argentina
• D. lugens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1909) – Britain, Spain
• D. luisi Levi, 1953 – Mexico
• D. malkini Levi, 1953 – USA
• D. meckeli Simon, 1898 – St. Vincent
• D. melanogaster (C. L. Koch, 1837) (type) – Europe, North Africa to Azerbaijan, Iran
• D. membranula Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
• D. mendoza Levi, 1967 – Brazil, Argentina
• D. mertoni Levi, 1963 – Panama
• D. militaris Chickering, 1943 – Panama to Paraguay
• D. mitifica Simon, 1899 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
• D. mollis (Simon, 1903) – Equatorial Guinea
• D. neotoma Levi, 1953 – USA
• D. nigra (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada, Mexico
• D. nigroreticulata (Simon, 1880) – Europe to Azerbaijan
• D. nipponica Yoshida, 2002 – China, Japan
• D. niteroi Levi, 1963 – Brazil
• D. notata Dyal, 1935 – Pakistan
• D. obscura Keyserling, 1891 – Brazil
• D. ocosingo Levi, 1953 – Mexico
• D. ohigginsi Levi, 1963 – Chile
• D. olivenca Levi, 1963 – Brazil
• D. opana Levi, 1963 – Brazil
• D. origanata Levi, 1953 – Mexico
• D. orvillei Chickering, 1943 – Panama
• D. pacifica Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Jamaica
• D. pacificana Berland, 1938 – Vanuatu
• D. pallisteri Levi, 1963 – Peru
• D. parki Chickering, 1943 – Panama
• D. pelorosa Zhu, 1998 – China, Japan
• D. peregregia Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
• D. perimenta Levi, 1963 – Panama
• D. peruensis Levi, 1963 – Peru, Brazil, Paraguay
• D. petrunkevitchi Roewer, 1942 – Myanmar
• D. picta (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
• D. plaumanni Levi, 1963 – Brazil
• D. polita (Mello-Leitão, 1947) – Brazil
• D. praecelsa Simon, 1914 – France
• D. pristea Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra)
• D. proterva Chickering, 1943 – Panama
• D. provalis Levi, 1953 – USA
• D. puertoricensis Levi, 1963 – Puerto Rico, Brazil
• D. pulicaria (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
• D. pumicata (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil, Argentina
• D. punctisparsa Yaginuma, 1967 – Korea, Japan
• D. pusilla (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil
• D. quadricuspis Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
• D. redunca Zhu, 1998 – China
• D. ripa Zhu, 1998 – China
• D. rita Levi, 1953 – USA
• D. rubella (Keyserling, 1884) – Panama to Peru, Brazil
• D. santacatarinae Levi, 1963 – Brazil
• D. santaritadopassaquatrensis Rodrigues, 2013 – Brazil
• D. scabella Simon, 1903 – Equatorial Guinea
• D. seclusa Chickering, 1948 – Panama to Venezuela
• D. sedilloti (Simon, 1885) – France, Algeria, Tunisia
• D. semicana Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
• D. seminigra Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
• D. sericata (Simon, 1880) – France
• D. sertata (Simon, 1895) – Sri Lanka
• D. setosa (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania)
• D. shortiducta Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
• D. signifera Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
• D. silvicola Miller, 1970 – Angola
• D. standleyi Levi, 1963 – Panama
• D. subflavida Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar
• D. submustelina Zhu, 1998 – China
• D. sulfurica Levi, 1953 – USA, Mexico
• D. taeniatipes Keyserling, 1891 – Brazil
• D. tecoja Levi, 1953 – Mexico
• D. tingo Levi, 1963 – Peru, Brazil
• D. tiro Levi, 1963 – Venezuela, Brazil
• D. torva (Thorell, 1875) – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
• D. transversisulcata Strand, 1908 – Madagascar
• D. trinidensis Levi, 1963 – Trinidad, Brazil
• D. tropica Chickering, 1943 – Panama, Colombia
• D. tuldokguhitanea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
• D. turriceps (Schenkel, 1936) – China, Laos
• D. umbratilis (Simon, 1873) – Western Mediterranean
• D. variabilis (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil
• D. venusta Chickering, 1948 – Panama
• D. wangi Zhu, 1998 – China, Korea
• D. washougalia Levi, 1953 – USA
• D. waspucensis Levi, 1963 – Nicaragua
• D. woytkowskii Levi, 1963 – Venezuela, Peru
• D. xanthopus Simon, 1914 – Algeria
• D. yutian Hu & Wu, 1989 – China
• D. zeteki Chickering, 1943 – Panama
• D. zhangi Yin, 2012 – China

In synonymy:

• D. barroLevi, 1963 = Dipoena anasLevi, 1963
• D. copiosaLevi, 1953 = Dipoena cordiformisKeyserling, 1886
• D. crassiventrisKeyserling, 1886 = Dipoena nigra(Emerton, 1882)
• D. incaLevi, 1963 = Dipoena tingoLevi, 1963
• D. inornata(Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944, T from Euryopis) = Dipoena abditaGertsch & Mulaik, 1936
• D. ituLevi, 1963 = Dipoena taeniatipesKeyserling, 1891
• D. maculataKeyserling, 1891 = Dipoena pumicata(Keyserling, 1886)
• D. matagrossensisSoares & Camargo, 1948 = Dipoena militarisChickering, 1943
• D. parvulaBanks, 1901 = Dipoena nigra(Emerton, 1882)
• D. procax(Simon, 1879) = Dipoena torva(Thorell, 1875)
• D. roeweriChickering, 1951 = Dipoena rubella(Keyserling, 1884)
• D. schmidtiLevi, 1963 = Dipoena banksiChickering, 1943
• D. sickiLevi, 1963 (T from Dipoenata) = Dipoena variabilis(Keyserling, 1886)
• D. tibialisBanks, 1906 = Dipoena nigra(Emerton, 1882)

See also

• List of Theridiidae species

References

1. "Gen. Dipoena Thorell, 1869". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2 . Retrieved 2019-10-27.
2. Levi, H. W.; Levi, L. R. (1962). "The genera of the spider family Theridiidae". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 127: 25.
3. Thorell, T. (1869). "On European spiders. Part I. Review of the European genera of spiders, preceded by some observations on zoological nomenclature". Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis. 7 (3): 1–108.