Earl of Surrey

Last updated

Earldom of Surrey
Coronet of a British Earl.svg
Armoiries Vermandois.svg
Arms of Warenne: Checky Or And Azure
Creation date
  • 1088 (forfeited 1397–1400) (first creation)
  • 1397 (second creation) (forfeited 1399)
  • 1451 (forfeit 1485–1514, 1547–1553, 1572–1660) (third creation)(restored 1400)(
  • 1477 (fourth creation)
  • 1483 (fifth creation)(extant)
[1]
Created by William II
Peerage Peerage of England
First holder William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey
Present holder Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Heir apparent Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel
Seat(s) Arundel Castle
Former seat(s) Reigate Castle
MottoLeo de juda est robur nostrum ("The Lion of Judah is our strength"). [1]
Arms of the Warennes of Surrey Armoiries Vermandois.svg
Arms of the Warennes of Surrey

Earl of Surrey is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created five times. It was first created for William de Warenne, a close companion of William the Conqueror. It is currently held as a subsidiary title by the Dukes of Norfolk.

Contents

The chequer arms of the Count of Vermandois were first adopted by William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey on his marriage to Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Leicester, daughter to Hugh, Count of Vermandois. Similar arms were also adopted by his brother in law, the famous Crusader Ralph I de Beaugency who had married an older sister, Matilda. These arms continue to be used as the Flag of Surrey.

Coat of arms of the capetian Counts of Vermandois Armoiries Vermandois.svg
Coat of arms of the capetian Counts of Vermandois

History

The Earldom of Surrey was first created in 1088 for William de Warenne, as a reward for loyal service to William during the Conquest. He received the lordship of Reigate Castle in Surrey, but also had holdings in twelve other counties. Perhaps because he held little property in Surrey, the earldom came to be more commonly called of Warenne. The name Warenne comes from the name of their property in Normandy where the family's ancestral castle, Bellencombre, was located on the Varenne River. It was held by William de Warenne's son and grandson, both also named William, and then by the husbands of Isabella, daughter of the third William de Warenne. The first of these was William of Blois, son of King Stephen, and the second was Hamelin, half-brother of Henry II. The latter took the de Warenne surname, and a son, grandson, and great-great-grandson of Hamelin and Isabella subsequently held the earldom. With the failure of the second de Warenne male line in 1347, the earldom passed to Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, who was a nephew of the last de Warenne earl, although he did not assume the title until after the death of the previous earl's widow in 1361. It was also held by his son, who forfeited it upon his execution in 1397.

John Holland, who was a grandson of the first Fitzalan earl of Surrey, was then created Duke of Surrey. He held the title for 2 years until he was stripped of it by Henry IV, who restored the earldom to the Fitzalans. The restored earl died in 1415 without male heirs, whereupon the earldom of Surrey became either extinct or abeyant (authorities disagree on this), while the earldom of Arundel passed to his 1st cousin once removed, who was great-grandson of the 9th Earl of Surrey (and consequently also descended from the de Warennes).

The title was revived several times during the 15th century, for John de Mowbray in 1451, and then for Richard of Shrewsbury in 1477. Both died without issue, leaving the title extinct once more.

In 1483 the title was revived for Thomas Howard, who later became Duke of Norfolk, and it has been held by this family ever since (with some breaks during which their titles were forfeited but later restored). The Dukes of Norfolk quarter the de Warrenne arms on their coat of arms. The 4th earl of this creation also inherited the earldom of Arundel, thus re-uniting the two earldoms.

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey was granted the Manor of Wakefield by the crown and his descendants, the Earls Warenne, inherited it when he died in 1088. The building of Sandal Castle was begun early in the 12th century by William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (1081–1138) who was granted the Sandal estates in 1107 and it became the stronghold of the manor. A second castle was built at Lawe Hill on the north side of the Calder but was abandoned. Wakefield formed the caput of an extensive baronial holding that extended to Cheshire and Lancashire and was held by the Warennes until the 14th century, when it passed to Warenne heirs.

List of titleholders

Earls of Surrey or Warenne (1088)

Arms of Warenne: Chequy or and azure Vermandois.svg
Arms of Warenne: Chequy or and azure

The Warenne Earls were called Earl de Warenne at least as often as Earl of Surrey; but they received the 'third penny' of Surrey, which means that they were entitled to one third of the county court fines. The numbering of the earls follows the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ; some sources number Isabel's husbands as the fourth and fifth earls, increasing the numbering of the later earls by one.

Arms of FitzAlan: Gules, a lion rampant or Blason-gueules-lion-or.svg
Arms of FitzAlan: Gules, a lion rampant or

Dukes of Surrey (1397)

Earl of Surrey and Warenne (1451)

Earl of Warenne (1477)

Earls of Surrey (1483)

Source: [3]

The earldom has subsequently always been held by the Duke of Norfolk.

Family tree


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When the senior male-line ended in the mid-12th century, the two branches descended from their heiress adopted the Warenne surname, split the title and continued separately as Earls of Surrey and Earls of Warenne respectively. Several junior lines also held land or prominent offices in England and Normandy.

References

  1. 1 2 Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107th ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. p. 697. ISBN   0-9711966-2-1.
  2. ↑ Cole, Jennifer (16 August 2020). "The fascinating history behind Surrey's county flag". Surrey Live. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  3. ↑ "Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey | English Poet & Renaissance Innovator | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
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