Echinoderma

This article is about the fungus. For the phylum including starfish and sea urchins, see Echinoderm.

Echinoderma
Echinoderma asperum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Agaricaceae
Genus:	Echinoderma (Locq. ex Bon) Bon (1991)
Type species
Echinoderma asperum (Pers.) Bon (1991)
Synonyms
Cystolepiota subgen. EchinodermaLocq. ex Bon (1981)

Echinoderma is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Its members were for a long time considered to belong to genus Lepiota and the group was then circumscribed by French mycologist Marcel Bon in 1981 as a subgenus of Cystolepiota ^[1] before he raised it to generic status in 1991. ^[2]

General info

This genus belongs to a group of genera allied to Lepiota with a white spore print, free (or almost free) gills, stipe easily separable from the cap and having a partial veil. ^[3] Amongst the Agaricaceae it is characterized by the white spore powder, cap skin microscopically an epithelium with rounded cells, and a brownish cap and stipe, with brown scales. ^[4]

The name comes from the Greek "echinos" (ἐχῖνος) meaning a hedgehog or sea-urchin ^[5] and "derma" (δέρμα) meaning skin, ^[6] referring to the spiny cap surface. The noun "derma" is neuter and therefore if the species name is an adjective, it needs to take the neuter ending (example: Echinoderma asperum).

All of the species in the genus reproduce by means of spores and are unicellular. ^[7]

Species

• Echinoderma asperum (Pers.) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma boertmannii (Knudsen) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma bonii C.E.Hermos. & Jul.Sánchez 1999
• Echinoderma calcicola (Knudsen) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma carinii (Bres.) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma echinaceum (J.E.Lange) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma efibulis (Knudsen) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma hystrix (F.H.Møller & J.E.Lange) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma jacobi (Vellinga & Knudsen) Gminder 2003
• Echinoderma perplexum (Knudsen) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma pseudoasperulum (Knudsen) Bon 1991
• Echinoderma rubellum (Bres.) Migl. 2000

See also

• List of Agaricaceae genera
• List of Agaricales genera
• A Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries: (Mollusca, Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, Tunicata, Echinoderma, and Worms) (1901), British Museum (Natural History). Department of Zoology et al.

References

1. Bon M. (1981). "Clé monographique des Lépiotes d'Europe (Agaricaceae, Tribus Lepioteae et Leucocoprineae)". Documents Mycologiques (in French). 11 (43): 1–77.
2. Bon M. (1991). "Les genres Echinoderma (Locq. ex Bon) st. nov. et Rugosomyces Raithelhuber ss lato". Documents Mycologiques (in French). 21 (82): 61–66.
3. Courtecuisse, R.; Duhem, B. (2013). Champignons de France et d'Europe (in French). Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 60. ISBN   978-2-603-02038-8. Also available in English.
4. Knudsen, H.; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2008). Funga Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 519. ISBN   978-87-983961-3-0.
5. Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott. "ἐχῖνος". A Greek-English Lexicon; Machine readable text. Tufts University, Oxford. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
6. Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott. "δέρμα". A Greek-English Lexicon; Machine readable text. Tufts University, Oxford. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
7. https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4123 (Parts of the PDF linked on the website contains info not here on this genus)