Epilobium brunnescens | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Myrtales |
Family: | Onagraceae |
Genus: | Epilobium |
Species: | E. brunnescens |
Binomial name | |
Epilobium brunnescens | |
Epilobium brunnescens is a flowering plant belonging to the willowherb genus Epilobium in the family Onagraceae. It is a small, creeping, perennial plant with white or pale pink flowers. It is native to New Zealand and south-east Australia and has been introduced to Northern Europe. Its common names include New Zealand willowherb in Great Britain and Ireland, creeping willowherb in New Zealand and bog willowherb for the Australian subspecies. [1] [2] [3] [4]
It is a low-growing, mat-forming plant with stems that trail along the ground, reaching 20 centimetres in length. [1] The stems have two rows of tiny hairs and have roots at the nodes. [5] The flowers have white or pale pink petals that are 2.5–4 millimetres in length. [1] The leaves are rounded and are usually 3–7 millimetres long, sometimes reaching 10 millimetres. [1] They are purplish below, have smooth or slightly toothed edges and have a 0.5–3 millimetre stalk. [5]
The species is widespread in New Zealand, occurring in the North Island, the South Island, on Stewart Island, in the Auckland Islands and the Campbell Islands as well as on the Australian possession of Macquarie Island. [6] It grows in a variety of habitats, particularly open, shingly riverbeds in areas of high rainfall. [7] [8] Two subspecies are present in New Zealand: E. b. subsp. brunnescens which usually has nodding flowers and E. b. subsp. minutiflorum which usually has erect flowers. [7]
The subspecies E. b. subsp. beaugleholei is restricted to a single site in Alpine National Park in eastern Victoria, south-east Australia. [3] It grows on wet, mossy rocks close to a waterfall at an altitude of about 1320 metres. A survey in 2001 found only three patches of the plant, covering a total area of 1 m2. The subspecies is considered to be at high risk of extinction due to threats such as rock fall, drought, illegal collection and damage by visitors. [3]
E. b. subsp. brunnescens has been introduced to Great Britain and Ireland where it was first recorded in 1904 in Craigmillar, Edinburgh. [7] [8] It spread rapidly from the 1930s onwards and is now widespread in northern and western areas where rainfall and humidity are higher. [8] It has not yet spread to many parts of southern and central England and central Ireland. [1] It occurs in various damp, open, gravelly or stony habitats including hillsides, stream banks, waste tips, stone walls, paths and railway sidings. [1] [8]
The species has also been introduced to Norway where it was first recorded in 1931 but is still rare. [8]
Epilobium canum, also known as California fuchsia or Zauschneria, is a species of willowherb in the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). It is native to dry slopes and in chaparral of western North America, especially California. It is a perennial plant, notable for the profusion of bright scarlet flowers in late summer and autumn.
Chamaenerion angustifolium is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae. It is known in North America as fireweed, in some parts of Canada as great willowherb, in Britain and Ireland as rosebay willowherb. In the United Kingdom it is also known as bombweed,a result of its rapid appearance on city bomb sites during the Blitz of World War II; the plant is also traditionally known as Saint Anthony's laurel. It is also known by the synonyms Chamerion angustifolium and Epilobium angustifolium. It is native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, including large parts of the boreal forests.
The grey pug is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout the Palearctic region. It is also found in North America. Since it does not place any special demands on climatic conditions, special caterpillar food plants, geological subsoil or the like it is a typical species of almost any Hochstaudenflur, where it occurs in the herb layer, in bushes and even on deciduous trees. It can be found on forest edges and hedgerows, on heath, in rocky places and wetlands, parks and gardens, as well as in villages and town centres.
Epilobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Onagraceae, containing about 197 species. The genus has a worldwide distribution. It is most prevalent in the subarctic, temperate and subantarctic regions, whereas in the subtropics and tropics Epilobium species are restricted to the cool montane biomes, such as the New Guinea Highlands.
Eriophorum angustifolium, commonly known as common cottongrass or common cottonsedge, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Native to North America, North Asia, and Europe, it grows on peat or acidic soils, in open wetland, heath or moorland. It begins to flower in April or May and, after fertilisation in early summer, the small, unremarkable brown and green flowers develop distinctive white bristle-like seed-heads that resemble tufts of cotton; combined with its ecological suitability to bog, these characteristics give rise to the plant's alternative name, bog cotton.
Empetrum nigrum, crowberry, black crowberry, or, in western Alaska, blackberry, is a flowering plant species in the heather family Ericaceae with a near circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually dioecious, but there is a bisexual tetraploid subspecies, Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum, which occurs in more northerly locations and at higher altitude.
Epilobium montanum or Broad-leaved Willowherb is a species of flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae.
Chamaenerion is a genus of flowering plants in the family Onagraceae. It has sometimes been included in the genus Epilobium. Members of the genus may be called willowherbs, or fireweeds, based on a common name used for C. angustifolium. They are upright herbaceous perennials, growing from a woody base or from rhizomes, with racemes of usually purple to pink flowers. All species are found in the northern hemisphere. Most occur in moist habitats; C. angustifolium is the exception, favouring disturbed ground.
Epilobium hirsutum is a flowering plant belonging to the willowherb genus Epilobium in the family Onagraceae. It is commonly known as the great willowherb, great hairy willowherb or hairy willowherb. Local names include codlins-and-cream, apple-pie and cherry-pie.
Epilobium ciliatum, known by the common names fringed willowherb, American willowherb, slender willow herb, and northern willow herb is a species of flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae. This species is native to much of North America, southern South America, and East Asia. It is an introduced species in much of Eurasia and Australia.
Epilobium palustre is a species of willowherb known by the common name marsh willowherb. This plant has a circumboreal distribution, and can be found farther south in mountainous areas.
Epilobium parviflorum, commonly known as the hoary willowherb or smallflower hairy willowherb, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Onagraceae.
The name creeping willowherb can refer to several species of flowering plant:
Epilobium pedunculare, the rockery willowherb, is a species of Epilobium similar to E. brunnescens. It is found on the Antipodean Islands, Chatham Island, Macquarie Island, and both the North and South Island of New Zealand.
Epilobium billardierianum, commonly known as the glabrous willow herb or smooth willow herb, is a species in the family Onagraceae that is native to Australia and New Zealand.
Epilobium hirtigerum, commonly known as the hairy willow herb, is a species in the family Onagraceae.
Epilobium tetragonum, commonly known as the square stalked willow herb, is a species of flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae.
Epilobium nivium, commonly known as the Snow Mountain willowherb, is a perennial subshrub endemic to the Coast Range Mountains of Northern California. It was originally described based upon a collection from Snow Mountain.
Epilobium coloratum, known by the common names purpleleaf willowherb and cinnamon willow-herb, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Epilobium of the willowherb family Onagraceae. This species is native to the Midwest and Eastern United States, as well as the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. It is also native to the Dominican Republic and Haiti.