Erythroxylum | |
---|---|
Erythroxylum monogynum | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Erythroxylaceae |
Genus: | Erythroxylum P. Browne, 1756 |
Species | |
250+, see text |
Erythroxylum (Erythroxylon) is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine, [1] [2] and two of the species within this genus, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense , both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. [3] Another species, Erythroxylum vaccinifolium (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine.
Erythroxylum species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several Morpho species and Dalcera abrasa , which has been recorded on E. deciduum, and the species of Agrias .
As of 2021 [update] , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: [4]
Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. It was named by the monk Charles Plumier after the ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides.
Hippocratea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Celastraceae, usually lianas, native to tropical and subtropical North America, South America and Africa.
Varronia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, found throughout Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the US states of Texas and Florida. They were resurrected from Cordia in 2007.
Rhodocolea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Bignoniaceae.
Zanthoxyloideae is a subfamily of the family Rutaceae.