Euryoryzomys russatus

Last updated

Euryoryzomys russatus
Calomys coronatus type.png
Holotype partial cranium of Calomys coronatus Winge, 1887, a junior synonym
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
Genus: Euryoryzomys
Species:
E. russatus
Binomial name
Euryoryzomys russatus
(Wagner, 1848) [2]
Synonyms

Calomys coronatus Winge, 1887
Oryzomys intermedius (Leche, 1886)
Oryzomys kelloggi Avila-Pires, 1959
Oryzomys russatus (Wagner, 1848)
[Euryoryzomys] russatus: Weksler, Percequillo, and Voss, 2006

Contents

Euryoryzomys russatus, also known as the russet oryzomys, [3] russet rice rat, [1] or big-headed rice rat, [4] is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a member of the genus Euryoryzomys , which was split off from Oryzomys in 2006. It was first described by Johann Andreas Wagner in 1848. [1] It is found in southern Brazil, [5] eastern Paraguay [5] and northeastern Argentina. [5] It is considered a large species in its genus, with a reddish-brown coat, long tail length, and large skull. [5] It is a terrestrial rodent, spending its time foraging for seeds, fruits, and insects. [6] [7] It is listed by the IUCN as least concern, although studies have shown it to be influenced by anthropogenic disturbances. [8] Predators consist of small members of the order Carnivora. [9] [10]

Etymology

The prefix eury- comes from the Greek word 'eurys' meaning "wide" or "broad". [11] The specific epithet russatus comes from the Latin word 'russatus', meaning "clothed in red". [12]

Taxonomy

Euryoryzomys russatus [13] (Wagner, 1848) is the currently accepted name for the russet rice rat. It is a member of the order Rodentia and family Cricetidae [14] with the genus Euryoryzomys comprising six valid species. [15]

Distribution and habitat

Euryoryzomys russatus is found in continental Brazil and outlying islands. [5] This species is also found in Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay. [5] It is found along altitudinal gradients consisting of lowland and mountainous (montane) areas. [5] [16] It is found in the Atlantic Forest as well as some areas of the Amazon rainforest. [5] [16] [17]

Specific locations where E. russatus has been collected include: Desterro Environmental Conservation Unit central Santa Catarina Island, Brazil (live specimens); [18] Alem Paraiba, Minas Gerais, Brazil (museum specimens); [16] Guaricana National Park, Paraná, Brazil (museum specimens); [16] Ilha do Cardoso, São Paulo, Brazil (museum specimens); [16] Parana, Southern Brazil (genetic identification from scat of predatory felines); [9] Picinguaba, São Paulo, Brazil (live specimens); [19] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (live specimens); [20] Morro Grande Forest Reserve, São Paulo, Brazil (live specimens). [21]

This species is considered a forest specialist, dwelling only in habitats that have extensive forest canopy cover. [22] Abundance and immigration rates have been shown to increase as forest coverage increases. [22]

Life history

Dorsal view of cranium Euryoryzomys russatus 1 (5).png
Dorsal view of cranium

Morphology

The genus Euryoryzomys is described as having pelage that varies from yellow in color to a red-brown dorsally, while having a lighter ventral color. [23] The ears are typically medium to large. Vibrissae (whiskers) do not extend past the ears. Most species possess a jugal (with the exception of E. lamia ). [23]

Euryoryzomys russatus is described as having a large skull and relatively large body length; with a body length range of 112–185 mm (4.4–7.3 in). [5] Weights have been recorded in some studies, and averaged 59 g (2.1 oz). [21] The tail averages between 105–196 mm (4.1–7.7 in) in length. [5] Pelage of the rice rat is a reddish-brown on the dorsal portion of the body and white on the ventral portion. The pinnae and tail are both grey in color. The fore and hindlimbs are a pale pink, along with the nose. The facial vibrissae are black in color. Parietals in E. russatus possess no lateral expansions. [23]

Ecology

Euryoryzomys russatus is a nocturnal, terrestrial rodent that moves primarily over leaf litter found on the forest floor. [21] [24] A seasonal microhabitat selection study found variation in microhabitat choice in warm-wet and cool-dry seasons. [21] Euryoryzomys russatus was shown to have greater abundance in areas with woody debris, low leaf litter height, and high arthropod biomass during the warm-wet season and during the cool-dry season the greatest abundance was seen in areas with high leaf litter humidity. [21] It is an opportunistic eater, consuming seeds, fruit, and insects when possible. [6] [7] A study of seed predation in the Brazilian Atlantic forest found E. russatus to be an efficient seed predator, eating a majority of seeds offered (with an exception to those with a mass greater than that of the observed individuals). [25]

A study of the population dynamics of a population of E. russatus on Santa Catarina Island in southern Brazil showed them to have nearly equal sex ratios. [18] Populations of E. russatus have been shown to have a monogamous mating system. [7] [18] Females show reproductive activity throughout the year, and correlate with availability of food resources. [7] The nests of E. russatus are cup-shaped, and built with fibers from bamboo and other grasses from the family Poaceae. [24] Offspring are born altricial, lacking hair, and with eyes and ears closed. [24] A study tracking individuals of E. russatus calculated the average number of offspring per pregnancy (from survey of pregnant females and nestlings) to be 3.6, with three to six nestlings being typical. [24]

Genetics

Genetic analyses [17] have grouped different populations of E. russatus into three clades using mitochondrial and nuclear gene regions, however no subspecies have been identified. [17] A study focused on the genetic structuring of populations in the Atlantic Rain Forest of southern Brazil found no genetic structuring throughout the species distribution. [26] Through karyotyping of E. russatus individuals from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (Santa Virginia, Brazil) it was found that they possess a chromosome number of 2n=80. [14] This number is shared with E. emmonsae and E. nitidus . [14]

Conservation

Euryoryzomys russatus is listed as a species of least concern by the IUCN as of September 2016. [8] However, studies have shown this species to be susceptible to anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat degradation or destruction. [17] [22] [27] [28]

Predators

Studies have found the E. russatus to be a prey item of several neotropical feline species including jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi), oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). [9] Domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) have also been shown to prey on E. russatus. [10]

Parasites

Example of Trichomonas sp. similar to that found in E. russatus Trichomonas Giemsa DPDx.JPG
Example of Trichomonassp. similar to that found in E. russatus

Research into the gastrointestinal parasites of E. russatus found eight different endoparasites in island and continental populations. [29] A new species of nematode, Hassalstrongylus luquei, was found in the small intestine of E. russatus. [20] A single individual was found to possess antibodies from a systemic fungal infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis . [30] A study on Rickettsia rickettsii, Brazilian Spotted-fever has shown E. russatus to be a host for the tick species Amblyomma ovale, which is a known vector for the zoonotic disease. [31]

Related Research Articles

The Brazilian shrew mouse, also known as the blarinine akodont, is a rodent in the tribe Akodontini from the Atlantic Forest of eastern and southeastern Brazil. It is the only species in the genus Blarinomys. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that there are two clear geographical clades, a northeastern and southeastern.

The cursor grass mouse, or cursorial akodont, is a sigmodontine rodent from South America.

<i>Euryoryzomys emmonsae</i> Amazonian rodent

Euryoryzomys emmonsae, also known as Emmons' rice rat or Emmons' oryzomys, is a rodent from the Amazon rainforest of Brazil in the genus Euryoryzomys of the family Cricetidae. Initially misidentified as E. macconnelli or E. nitidus, it was formally described in 1998. A rainforest species, it may be scansorial, climbing but also spending time on the ground. It lives only in a limited area south of the Amazon River in the state of Pará, a distribution that is apparently unique among the muroid rodents of the region.

Hylaeamys laticeps, also known as the Atlantic Forest oryzomys or the large-headed rice rat, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.

Cerradomys marinhus, also known as Marinho's rice rat, is a rodent species from South America. It is found in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was formerly known as Oryzomys marinhus, but was transferred to the new genus Cerradomys in 2006.

<i>Euryoryzomys nitidus</i> Species of rodent

Euryoryzomys nitidus, also known as the elegant oryzomys or elegant rice rat, is a rodent species in the family Cricetidae. Previously it was known as Oryzomys nitidus, but it is not closely related to Oryzomys as that genus is now constructed. Its range includes Bolivia, Brazil and Peru to the east of the Andes, in lowland tropical rainforest as well as forest in the eastern foothills of the mountains, at elevations from 50 to 2,000 m.

Cerradomys subflavus, also known as the terraced rice rat or flavescent oryzomys, is a rodent species from South America in the genus Cerradomys. It is found in the states of Goiás, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Populations in Bolivia, Paraguay, and elsewhere in Brazil that were previously placed in this species are now classified as various other species of Cerradomys.

<i>Oligoryzomys flavescens</i> Species of rodent

Oligoryzomys flavescens, also known as the flavescent colilargo or yellow pygmy rice rat is a species of rodent in the genus Oligoryzomys of family Cricetidae. It is found in southern South America, occurring in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina. Its karyotype has 2n = 64-66 and FNa = 66–70.

<i>Oligoryzomys nigripes</i> Species of rodent

Oligoryzomys nigripes, also known as the black-footed colilargo or the black-footed pygmy rice rat, is a rodent in the genus Oligoryzomys of family Cricetidae. Oligoryzomys nigripes is a species that has been further divided into different sister taxa throughout history. It is found in different countries in South America. It is a large species with long ears, dark yellow to dark brown upperparts, sharply delimited from the whitish underparts, and often a pink girdle on the chest. This species of rat spends much of its life among the trees. The karyotype is 2n = 62, FNa = 78–82.

<i>Handleyomys chapmani</i> Species of rodent

Handleyomys chapmani, also known as Chapman's oryzomys or Chapman's rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Handleyomys of family Cricetidae. It is found only in Mexico. It was previously placed in Oryzomys as Oryzomys chapmani, but has been provisionally transferred to the genus Handleyomys pending the description of a new genus to contain it.

<i>Aegialomys galapagoensis</i> Species of rodent

The Galápagos rice rat, also known as the Galápagos oryzomys, is a species of rodent that is endemic to the Galápagos Islands.

<i>Euryoryzomys lamia</i> Species of rodent

Euryoryzomys lamia, also known as the buffy-sided oryzomys or monster rice rat, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in central Brazil, where it lives in forest enclaves within the cerrado. The species' known altitudinal range is from 700 to 900 m. The main threats to its survival are the destruction and fragmentation of its forest habitat.

Hylaeamys megacephalus, also known as Azara's broad-headed oryzomys or the large-headed rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Hylaeamys of family Cricetidae, of which it is the type species. It is found mainly in lowland tropical rainforest from its type locality in Paraguay north through central Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela onto Trinidad and Tobago. To its west and east, other closely related species of Hylaeamys are found: H. perenensis in western Amazonia, H. acritus in Bolivia, and H. laticeps and H. oniscus in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil.

<i>Euryoryzomys macconnelli</i> Species of rodent

Euryoryzomys macconnelli, also known as MacConnell's rice rat or MacConnell's oryzomys, is a rodent species from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela, where it lives in lowland tropical rainforest. It was formerly placed in the genus Oryzomys, as Oryzomys macconnelli, but in 2006 it was reclassified as the type species of the new genus Euryoryzomys.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerrado climbing mouse</span> Species of rodent

The cerrado climbing mouse or long-tailed rhipidomys is an arboreal rodent species in the family Cricetidae from South America. It is found in primary or secondary forests of the cerrado and caatinga in central and eastern Brazil, and has also been seen in the Atlantic Forest. Its karyotype is 2n = 44, FN = 48-52. They are nocturnal animals and can be found in both tree canopies and on the ground.

<i>Euryoryzomys</i> Genus of rodents

Euryoryzomys is a genus of rodents in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It includes seven species, which are distributed in South America. Until 2006, its members were included in the genus Oryzomys, but they are not closely related to the type species of that genus, and therefore they were placed in a new genus. They are most closely related to genera like Hylaeamys and Transandinomys; many members of these genera were previously placed in a single species, known as Oryzomys capito. The genus name, Euryoryzomys, combines the name "Oryzomys" with the Ancient Greek word eurus "broad", referring to the broad range in distribution of the genus.

In anatomy, posterolateral palatal pits are gaps at the sides of the back of the bony palate, near the last molars. Posterolateral palatal pits are present, in various degrees of development, in several members of the rodent family Cricetidae. Many members of the family lack them or have only simple pits, but Arvicolinae and Oryzomyini have more highly developed posterolateral palatal pits. Posterolateral palatal pits are also present in some other rodents, including Glis, Jaculus, Hystrix, Abrocoma, Ctenomys, Chinchilla, and Lagidium.

In mammals, ungual tufts are tufts of hairs at the base of claws of the forefeet and hindfeet. Their presence has been used as a character in cladistic studies of the Cricetidae, a large family of rodents.

Rhagomys is a genus of South American rodents in the tribe Thomasomyini of the family Cricetidae. Two species separated by about 3100 km are known, from southeast Peru and Bolivia east of the Andes, and in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil. An undetermined species of Rhagomys has also been reported from Mato Grosso in central Brazil. The species are as follows:

Cerqueira's rice rat is a newly described species of rice rat that is endemic to Brazil.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Percequillo, A.; Weksler, M.; Langguth, A.; Patterson, B.; D'Elia, G.; Teta, P. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Euryoryzomys russatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29405A115168400. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T29405A22328896.en .
  2. ↑ Wagner, Andr (1848). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Säugthiere Amerika's". Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 5 (2). München: 312.
  3. ↑ Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1154. ISBN   978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC   62265494.
  4. ↑ Duff, A. and Lawson, A. 2004. Mammals of the World: A checklist. Yale University Press, 312 pp.  ISBN   978-0-300-10398-4
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Patton, James; Pardinas, Ulyses; D'Elia, Guillermo (2015). Mammals of South America: Rodents. Vol. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 319.
  6. 1 2 Powers AM, Mercer DR, Watts DM, Guzman H, Fulhorst CF, Popov VL and Tesh RB (1999) Isolation and genetic characterization of a hantavirus (Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus) from a rodent, Oligoryzomys microtis (Muridae), collected in northeastern Peru Am J Trop Med Hyg 61:92–98
  7. 1 2 3 4 Bergallo, H. & Magnusson, W. (2004). Factors affecting the use of space by two rodent species in Brazilian Atlantic forest. Mammalia. 68. 121-132. 10.1515/mamm.2004.013.
  8. 1 2 Percequillo, A.; Weksler M.; Langguth, A.; Patterson, B.; D'Elia, G.; Teta, P. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Euryoryzomys russatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29405A115168400. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T29405A22328896.en . Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  9. 1 2 3 Silva-Pereiraa, J. E.; Moro-Rios, R. F.; Bilski, D. R.; Passos, F. C. (2010). "Diets of three sympatric Neotropical small cats: Food niche overlap and interspecies differences in prey consumption". Mammalian Biology. 76 (3): 308–312. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2010.09.001.
  10. 1 2 Ferreira, Giovanne Ambrosio; Nakano-Oliveira, Eduardo; Genaro, Gelson (2014). "Domestic cat predation on Neotropical species in an insular Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil". Wildlife Biology. 20 (3): 167–175. doi: 10.2981/wlb.13131 .
  11. ↑ "eury- | Origin and meaning of prefix eury- by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
  12. ↑ "Definition of russatus". Latin Lexicon. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
  13. ↑ Wagner, A. J. (1848). Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Säugthiere Amerika's / vom A. Wagner. Munich, Germany: Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 271–332. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.15738.
  14. 1 2 3 Di-Nizo, C. B.; Neves, C. L.; Vilela, J. F.; Silva, M. J. (2014-01-24). "New karyologycal data and cytotaxonomic considerations on small mammals from Santa Virgínia (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Atlantic Forest, Brazil)". Comparative Cytogenetics. 8 (1): 11–30. doi: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i1.6430 . ISSN   1993-078X. PMC   3978240 . PMID   24744831.
  15. ↑ Patton, J. L.; Pardiñas, U. F. J.; D’Elía, G. (2015). Mammals of South America, Volume 2. University of Chicago Press. pp. 314–321. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226169606.001.0001. ISBN   9780226169576.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Libardi, G. S.; Percequillo, A. R. (2016). "Variation of craniodental traits in russet rats Euryoryzomys russatus (Wagner, 1848) (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from Eastern Atlantic Forest". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 262: 57–74. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2016.03.005.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Miranda, Gustavo B.; Andrades-Miranda, Jaqueline; Oliveira, Luiz F. B.; Langguth, Alfredo; Mattevi, Margarete S. (2007). "Geographic Patterns of Genetic Variation and Conservation Consequences in Three South American Rodents". Biochemical Genetics. 45 (11–12): 839–856. doi:10.1007/s10528-007-9122-x. PMID   17939030. S2CID   22094304.
  18. 1 2 3 Antunes, P., Campos, M., Oliveira-Santos, L., & Graipel, M. (2009). Population dynamics of Euryoryzomys russatus and Oligoryzomys nigripes (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in an Atlantic forest area, Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil. Biothemes, 22 (2), 143-151. doi: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n2p143
  19. ↑ Pinheiro, P.S.; Geise, L. (2008). "Non-volant mammals of Picinguaba, Ubatuba, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil". Biol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitao (N. Ser). 23: 51–59.
  20. 1 2 Costa, M.A.R., Maldonado Jr, A., Bóia, M.N., Lucio, C.S. & Simões, R.O. 2014. a new species of Hassalstrongylus (Nematoda: Heligmonelidae) from Euryoryzomys russatus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in the Atlantic forest, Brazil. Neotropical Helminthology, vol. 8, n°2, jul-dec, pp. 235-242.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 Naxara, L., Pinotti, B., & Pardini, R. (2009). Seasonal Microhabitat Selection by Terrestrial Rodents in an Old-Growth Atlantic Forest. Journal of Mammalogy, 90(2), 404–415. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30224486
  22. 1 2 3 Püttker, T. A. A. Bueno, C. Santos de Barros, S. Sommer, R. Pardini. 2013. Habitat specialization interacts with habitat amount to determine dispersal success of rodents in fragmented landscapes, Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 94, Issue 3, 11:714–726, https://doi.org/10.1644/12-MAMM-A-119.1
  23. 1 2 3 Weksler, M.; Percequillo, A. R.; Voss, R. S. (2006-10-19). "Ten new genera of oryzomyine rodents (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates. American Museum of Natural History. 3537: 1–29.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Ricardo S. Bovendorp, Jessica A. Laskowski and Alexandre R. Percequillo 2016. A first view of the unseen: nests of an endangered Atlantic Forest rat species. Mammalia (Short Note): 1-4. DOI 10.1515/mammalia-2015-0178
  25. ↑ Galetti, M.; Guevara, R.; Galbiati, L. A.; Neves, C. L.; Rodarte, R. R.; Mendes, C. P. (2015). "Seed Predation by Rodent and Implications for Plant Recruitment in Defaunated Atlantic Forests". Biotropica. 47 (5): 521–525. doi:10.1111/btp.12246. S2CID   85966094.
  26. ↑ Gonçalves, Gislene L.; Marinho, Jorge R.; Freitas, Thales R.O. (2009). "Genetic structure of sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae) along an altitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Rain Forest in southern Brazil". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 32 (4): 882–885. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572009005000081. PMC   3036879 . PMID   21637469.
  27. ↑ Pardini R, Souza SM, Braga-Neto R, Metzger JP (2005) The role of forest structure, fragment size and corridors in maintaining small mammal abundance and diversity in an Atlantic forest landscape. Biol Conserv 124:253–266
  28. ↑ Umetsu F, Pardini R (2007) Small mammals in a mosaic of forest remnants and anthropogenic habitats evaluating matrix quality in an Atlantic forest landscape. Landscape Ecol 22:517–530
  29. ↑ Kuhnen, VV.; Graipel, ME.; Pinto, CJC. (2012). "Differences in richness and composition of gastrointestinal parasites of small rodents (Cricetidae, Rodentia) in a continental and insular area of the Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina state, Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Biology. 72 (3): 563–567. doi: 10.1590/S1519-69842012000300019 . PMID   22990827.
  30. ↑ Sbeghen, Mônica Raquel; Zanata, Thais Bastos; MacAgnan, Rafaela; De Abreu, Kaue Cachuba; Da Cunha, Willian Luiz; Watanabe, Maria Angelica Ehara; De Camargo, Zoilo Pires; Ono, Mario Augusto (2015). "Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection in Small Wild Mammals". Mycopathologia. 180 (5–6): 435–440. doi:10.1007/s11046-015-9928-8. PMID   26232125. S2CID   18727222.
  31. ↑ Szabó, Matias P. J.; Pinter, Adriano; Labruna, Marcelo B. (2013). "Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in Brazil". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 3: 27. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00027 . PMC   3709097 . PMID   23875178.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.