Thromboxane A synthase 1 , also known as TBXAS1, is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the TBXAS1 gene.
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), also known as dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 and trimethylamine monooxygenase, is a flavoprotein enzyme (EC 1.14.13.148) that in humans is encoded by the FMO3 gene. This enzyme catalyzes the following chemical reaction, among others:
Bradykinin receptor B2 is a G-protein coupled receptor for bradykinin, encoded by the BDKRB2 gene in humans.
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 also known as LPA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LPAR3 gene. LPA3 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA).
Liver carboxylesterase 1 also known as carboxylesterase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES1 gene. The protein is also historically known as serine esterase 1 (SES1), monocyte esterase and cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH). Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. The various protein products from isoform a, b and c range in size from 568, 567 and 566 amino acids long, respectively.
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT1A10 gene.
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT2B15 gene.
Regulator of G-protein signaling 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS3 gene.
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FMO1 gene.
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT1A4 gene.
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC29A2 gene.
Solute carrier family 22 member 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A11 gene.
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FMO2 gene.
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNB3 gene.
Cytochrome P450 2F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP2F1 gene.
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FMO4 gene.
Solute carrier family 22 member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLC22A7.
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KMO gene.
Aldehyde oxidase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AOX1 gene.
The flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) protein family specializes in the oxidation of xeno-substrates in order to facilitate the excretion of these compounds from living organisms. These enzymes can oxidize a wide array of heteroatoms, particularly soft nucleophiles, such as amines, sulfides, and phosphites. This reaction requires an oxygen, an NADPH cofactor, and an FAD prosthetic group. FMOs share several structural features, such as a NADPH binding domain, FAD binding domain, and a conserved arginine residue present in the active site. Recently, FMO enzymes have received a great deal of attention from the pharmaceutical industry both as a drug target for various diseases and as a means to metabolize pro-drug compounds into active pharmaceuticals. These monooxygenases are often misclassified because they share activity profiles similar to those of cytochrome P450 (CYP450), which is the major contributor to oxidative xenobiotic metabolism. However, a key difference between the two enzymes lies in how they proceed to oxidize their respective substrates; CYP enzymes make use of an oxygenated heme prosthetic group, while the FMO family utilizes FAD to oxidize its substrates.
