Fritillaria cirrhosa

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Yellow Himalayan fritillary
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Fritillaria
Species:
F. cirrhosa
Binomial name
Fritillaria cirrhosa
Synonyms [1]
Synonymy
  • Baimo cirrhosa(D.Don) Raf.
  • Fritillaria cirrhosa var. bonatii(H.Lév.) S.C.Chen
  • Fritillaria cirrhosa var. brachyanthaC.Marquand & Airy Shaw
  • Fritillaria cirrhosa var. dingriensisY.K.Yang & J.Z.Zhang
  • Fritillaria cirrhosa var. jilongensisY.K. Yang & Gesan
  • Fritillaria cirrhosa subsp. roylei(Hook.) Ali
  • Fritillaria cirrhosa var. viridiflavaS.C.Chen
  • Fritillaria duilongdeqingensisY.K.Yang & Gesan
  • Fritillaria gulielmi-waldemariiKlotzsch
  • Fritillaria lhiinzeensisY.K.Yang & al.
  • Fritillaria polyphyllaFortune
  • Fritillaria royleiHook.
  • Fritillaria zhufenensisY.K.Yang & J.Z.Zhang
  • Lilium bonatiiH.Lév.
  • Melorima cirrhosa(D.Don) Raf.

Fritillaria cirrhosa, common name yellow Himalayan fritillary, [2] is an Asian species of herbaceous plant in the lily family, native to China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan), the Indian Subcontinent (Nepal, Pakistan, India, Bhutan), and Myanmar. [3] [4]

Contents

Fritillaria cirrhosa produces bulbs up to 20 mm (0.8 in) in diameter. The stem is up to 60 cm (24 in) tall, usually with one flower at the top, sometimes two or three. Leaves are narrowly lanceolate, usually opposite, sometimes whorled, up to 13 cm (5.1 in) long. Flowers are bell-shaped, yellowish-green to brownish-purple flowers which are usually with a chequered pattern in dull purple. The plant is commonly found in alpine slopes and shrublands of the Himalayas, at altitudes of 2,700–4,000 m (9,000–13,000 ft). [4] [5] [6] [7] It is in danger of extinction, due to be being aggressively collected to make a traditional Chinese medicine, Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae . [8]

Taxonomy

Formerly included

Several names have been coined at infraspecific levels (variety, subspecies, and form) for plants once believed to belong to Fritillaria cirrhosa. None of these is currently recognized. Some of the names are regarded as synonyms of Fritillaria cirrhosa not deserving recognition (see synonym list at right). A few others are considered as belonging to distinct species. Those are:

Related Research Articles

<i>Fritillaria</i> Genus of flowering plants in family Liliaceae

Fritillaria (fritillaries) is a genus of spring flowering herbaceous bulbous perennial plants in the lily family (Liliaceae). The type species, Fritillaria meleagris, was first described in Europe in 1571, while other species from the Middle East and Asia were also introduced to Europe at that time. The genus has about 130–140 species divided among eight subgenera. The flowers are usually solitary, nodding and bell-shaped with bulbs that have fleshy scales, resembling those of lilies. They are known for their large genome size and genetically are very closely related to lilies. They are native to the temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere, from the Mediterranean and North Africa through Eurasia and southwest Asia to western North America. Many are endangered due to enthusiastic picking.

<i>Fritillaria biflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria biflora, the chocolate lily or mission bells, is a species of fritillary native to western California, US, and northern Baja California, Mexico. It occurs in the chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, often in serpentine soil formations and hillside grassland habitats.

<i>Fritillaria verticillata</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria verticillata is a flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan and the Altay region of Siberia.

<i>Fritillaria pallidiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria pallidiflora is an Asian species of bulbous flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Xinjiang, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The common name frequently used is Siberian fritillary, a misnomer because the species does not grow in the wild in Siberia.

<i>Fritillaria glauca</i> Species of plant

Fritillaria glauca is a species of fritillary known by the common names Siskiyou fritillary and Siskiyou missionbells.

<i>Fritillaria pinetorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria pinetorum, the pinewoods fritillary or Davidson's fritillary, is an uncommon species of fritillary.

Fritillaria anhuiensis is a Chinese species of bulb-forming flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae. It is native to Anhui and Henan Provinces in China.

<i>Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae</i>

Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae is the bulb of the Himalayan frillitary lily. It is used extensively in Chinese herbology. For example, in the Baihe Gujin Wan, it is used to "nourish yin of the lung, resolve phlegm and relieve cough".

Fritillaria maximowiczii is a plant species known from northeastern China and eastern Russia.

Fritillaria crassicaulis is an Asian species of herbaceous plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces in China.

Fritillaria unibracteata is a species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan Provinces in China.

<i>Fritillaria meleagroides</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria meleagroides is a Eurasian species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Xinjiang, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Bulgaria.

Fritillaria monantha is a Chinese plant species in the lily family Liliaceae. It is found only in China, in the Provinces of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang.

Fritillaria przewalskii is a Chinese flowering plant species in the lily family Liliaceae. It is found only in China, in the Provinces of Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan.

Fritillaria sichuanica is a Chinese plant species of the lily family. It is found only in China, found in the Provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, and Sichuan.

Fritillaria taipaiensis is a flowering plant species in the lily family Liliaceae. It is found only in China, in the Provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan.

<i>Fritillaria thunbergii</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria thunbergii is a flowering plant species in the lily family Liliaceae. It is native to Kazakhstan and in Xinjiang Province of western China, though cultivated in other places and naturalized in Japan and in other parts of China.

Fritillaria tortifolia is a flowering plant species in the lily family Liliaceae. It is found only in the northwestern part of Xinjiang Province, the extreme northwestern corner of China.

Fritillaria ussuriensis is a species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Korea, the Primorye Region of Russia, and northeastern China.

Fritillaria walujewii is a species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Xinjiang Province in western China.

References

  1. ↑ The Plant List
  2. ↑ Flowers of India, Yellow Himalayan Fritillary description and color photos
  3. ↑ Flora of China 川贝母 chuan bei mu Fritillaria cirrhosa
  4. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Fritillaria cirrhosa
  5. ↑ Flowers of India, Himalayan Fritillary
  6. ↑ Don, David. 1825. Prodromus Florae Nepalensis 51.
  7. ↑ Yang, Yong Kang & Gesang, Suolang. 1985. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica. Yangling 5(1): 30, as Fritillaria duilongdeqingensis
  8. ↑ Day, Peter D.; Berger, Madeleine; Hill, Laurence; Fay, Michael F.; Leitch, Andrew R.; Leitch, Ilia J.; Kelly, Laura J. (November 2014). "Evolutionary relationships in the medicinally important genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 80: 11–19. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.024. PMID   25124097.
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