Gentiana froelichii

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Gentiana froelichii
Gentiana froelichii (Karawanken-Enzian) IMG 0517.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Gentianaceae
Genus: Gentiana
Species:
G. froelichii
Binomial name
Gentiana froelichii
Rchb., 1832 [1]
Subspecies [2]
  • Gentiana froelichii froelichii
  • Gentiana froelichii zenariae
Synonyms [3]
  • Favargera froelichii(Jan) Á.Löve & D.Löve
  • Gentiana carnicaWelw. ex Rchb.
  • Gentiana hladnikianaHost ex W.D.J.Koch

Gentiana froelichii, commonly known as the Karawanken gentian, [4] is an endemic hemicryptophyte [5] and perennial [6] plant species in the family Gentianaceae, [7] which occurs in southeastern Alps (also called Southern Limestone Alps). [4] [8] [3] It can be found in Austria and Slovenia, with a few reported occurrences happening in Italy. [2] [9]

Contents

Species

Gentiana froelichii was described by German botanist Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach [4] in his work Fl. Germ. Excurs. from 1832. [2] [1] The species' name is dedicated to German doctor, entomologist and botanist Josef Aloys Frölich, who lived between 1766 and 1841, and is an author of a monograph from 1796 dealing with genus Gentiana. [9] There are two reported plant subspecies; Gentiana froelichii subsp. froelichii and Gentiana froelichii subsp. zenariae. [2] [9]

Description

The species appearance is similar to that of related Gentiana clusii [10] and Gentiana frigida [11] species. The plant reaches from 5 to 10 cm of height. [12] Linear to oblanceolate gutter-like leaves are arranged into a rosette. There are only a few stem leaves (usually one or two pairs [5] ), [10] which are also visibly smaller. [12] The plant's characteristic are many non-flowering shoots growing nearby a flowering shoot. [10]

A flowering shoot has one, or less often two, flowers. [5] This low growing plant's petals are bright blue [10] [12] to violet [12] and its corolla lobes are not spread out like in many other Gentiana species (instead they are set upright). [10] The corolla measures from 3 to 4 cm, [10] [12] with a conical corolla tube. The calyx is bell-like, with long, straight, and sharpened calyx teeth. The anthers are fused together right next to the style. The plant's stigma is lobate, its lobes being linear to oblanceolate. [10] The gentian's flowering period is between August and September. [10] [13]

Conservation and distribution

Gentiana froelichii has not yet been studied for the IUCN Red List. [14] It is thought the species is potentially threatened. [12]

In Slovenia and Austria it can be found as an endemic plant in eastern Karawanks and Kamnik–Savinja Alps. Gentiana froelichii also grows elsewhere; different subspecies occurs in Italian Julian Alps and Carnic Alps. [14] The plant grows beyond the tree line; its usual habitat consists of stony meadows and rock crevices, located in alpine zone. [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Gentiana</i> Genus of flowering plants

Gentiana is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the gentian family (Gentianaceae), the tribe Gentianeae, and the monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. With over 300 species, it is considered a large genus. Gentians are notable for their mostly large trumpet-shaped flowers, which are often of an intense blue hue.

<i>Gentiana acaulis</i> Species of plant

Gentiana acaulis, the stemless gentian, or trumpet gentian, is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae, native to central and southern Europe, from Spain east to the Balkans, growing especially in mountainous regions, such as the Alps and Pyrenees, at heights of 800–3,000 m (2,625–9,843 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sympetalae</span> Historical subclass of flowering plants with fused petals

Sympetally is a flower characteristic that historically was used to classify a grouping of plants termed Sympetalae, but this term has been abandoned in newer molecular based classifications, although the grouping has similarity to the modern term asterids.

<i>Gentianella</i> Genus of plants

Gentianella is a plant genus in the gentian family (Gentianaceae). Plants of this genus are known commonly as dwarf gentians.

<i>Campanula persicifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Campanula persicifolia, the peach-leaved bellflower, is a flowering plant species in the family Campanulaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial growing to 1 m. Its flowers are cup-shaped and can be either lilac-blue or white. Its foliage is narrow and glossy with a bright green appearance.

<i>Gentianella amarella</i> Plant species in the gentian family

Gentianella amarella, the autumn gentian, autumn dwarf gentian, or autumn felwort, is a short biennial plant flowering plant in the gentian family, Gentianaceae. It is found throughout Northern Europe, the western and northern United States, and Canada.

<i>Gentiana newberryi</i> Species of plant

Gentiana newberryi is a species of gentian known by the common names alpine gentian and Newberry's gentian. It is a perennial herb found in western North America.

<i>Gentiana sceptrum</i> Species of plant

Gentiana sceptrum is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae. It is known by the common names king's scepter gentian or king's gentian.

<i>Dactylorhiza foliosa</i> Species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae

Dactylorhiza foliosa, the Madeira orchid or leafy orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, endemic to the Portuguese Island of Madeira in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is a tuberous herbaceous perennial growing to 60 cm (24 in) and producing spikes of intense, magenta-pink flowers in late spring.

<i>Astrantia major</i> Species of flowering plant

Astrantia major, the great masterwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to central and eastern Europe. Growing up to 90 cm (35 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial, much used in gardens.

<i>Hymenodictyon parvifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenodictyon parvifolium Oliv. is a small rubiaceous African tree and is one of some 24 species in the genus, with a tropical African and Asian distribution. This species grows as a small tree to some 5 metres tall, or sometimes a liane or scrambler to 10.5 m, and is found in low-altitude woodland.

<i>Gentiana pannonica</i> Species of plant

Gentiana pannonica, the Hungarian gentian or brown gentian, is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae.

<i>Gentianella cerina</i> Species of flowering plant

Gentianella cerina is a plant species in the Gentianaceae family, endemic to the Auckland Islands of New Zealand.

Gentiana autumnalis subsp. pennelliana, is a rare subspecies of flowering plant in the gentian family Gentianaceae. It is commonly known as wiregrass gentian and grows in sections of the Florida panhandle.

<i>Cerastium subtriflorum</i> Species of plant

Cerastium subtriflorum, the Slovenian mouse-ear chickweed, is a perennial plant species in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is mostly restricted to the Slovenian and Italian Alps.

<i>Vicia grandiflora</i> Species of plant

Vicia grandiflora, commonly known as large yellow vetch and bigflower vetch, as well as large-flowered vetch, is a common herbaceous plant species in the family Fabaceae, which occurs as a native plant species in Europe and Asia, as well as an introduced vetch species in North America.

<i>Galeopsis pubescens</i> Species of plant

Galeopsis pubescens, also known as the hairy and downy hempnettle, is a herbaceous annual plant species in the family Lamiaceae, that can be found growing in various European countries.

Gentiana bredboensis commonly known as Bredbo gentian, is a flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a small annual herb with white flowers.

<i>Rhinanthus glacialis</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae

Rhinanthus glacialis, commonly known as the aristate yellow rattle or glacier rattle, is a herbaceous plant species in the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified as a member of the family Scrophulariaceae. This European species is primarily inhabiting the Central Europe.

<i>Gentiana alpina</i> Species of plant

Gentiana alpina is a plant species from the Gentiana genus in the family Gentianaceae.

References

  1. 1 2 "The Euro+Med Plantbase Project". ww2.bgbm.org. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Gentiana froelichii Jan ex Rchb". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  3. 1 2 "Gentiana froelichii Jan ex Rchb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  4. 1 2 3 "Gentiana froelichii (GETFO)[Overview]| EPPO Global Database". gd.eppo.int. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  5. 1 2 3 "Karawanken-Enzian Gentiana froelichii Beschreibung Steckbrief Systematik". www.pflanzen-deutschland.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  6. ↑ "Gentiana froelichii". www.harriedevries.nl. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  7. ↑ "Froelichov svišč (Gentiana froelichii ssp. froelichii) – Slovenska flora" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  8. ↑ "Gentiana froelichii | /RHS Gardening". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  9. 1 2 3 "Scheda IPFI, Acta Plantarum Gentiana_froelichii". www.actaplantarum.org. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Svišč ali po domače encijan (Gentiana)". Gore Ljudje (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  11. ↑ "Gentiana froelichii". Alpine Garden Society. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Gentiana froelichii". flora.nhm-wien.ac.at. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  13. ↑ "Gentiana froelichii". sloveniahiking.rocks. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  14. 1 2 "Gentiana froelichii - Jan ex Rchb". eunis.eea.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
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