Gerronema

Last updated

Gerronema
Gerronema strombodes 54748.jpg
Gerronema strombodes
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Porotheleaceae
Genus: Gerronema
Singer (1951)
Type species
Gerronema melanomphax
Singer (1951)

Gerronema is a genus of over 50 fungi species that form agaric fruit bodies. They are of small to medium size, with a centrally depressed cap. They are similar to Omphalina species.

Contents

A wood-decay fungus, Gerronema has a primarily tropical distribution, occurring in Europe and eastern North America.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist Rolf Singer in 1951. [1]

Phylogeny

Gerronema belongs to the informal 'hydropoid' clade, together with Hydropus , Megacollybia and Clitocybula. [2] In a phylogenetic study of Clitocybulas, the hydropoid clade was found to contain 8 genera. [3]

In 2019, the hydropoid clade was moved to Porotheleaceae, removing Gerronema from Marasmiaceae. The same study also recognized Gerronema as polyphyletic on the basis of previous taxonomic studies and divided it into seven clades, designated as Gerronema 1 to Gerronema 7. [4]

Species

As of June 2015, Index Fungorum lists 55 species in Gerronema: [5] and a new combination was published in 2019. [3]

Description

The species are small- to medium-sized agarics with white, nonamyloid, spores and decurrent gills. [7] [8] [9]

Typically the cap of the fruit bodies have a shallow to deep central depression, giving the umbrella-like to funnel-shaped caps the appearance of a belly button, or a belly with a navel.

At least one species, G. viridilucens , is bioluminescent.

Similar species

Similarly shaped agarics are said to be omphalinoid in appearance in reference to a morphologically similar genus, Omphalina . Gerronema differ from Omphalina by the absence of incrusting or intraparietal pigments typical of Omphalina, the occasional occurrence of bright colors, such as yellow or green absent in Omphalina, by the restriction to decay of wood, and by the tough tissues composed of sarcodimitic hyphae.

Distribution and habitat

The species is a wood-decay fungus with a primarily tropical distribution, but also occur in Europe and eastern North America where they fruit during hot muggy, summer weather. One of the most common species in the eastern United States is G. strombodes. [10] [11] [12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Singer R. (1951). "New genera of fungi V". Mycologia. 43 (5): 598–604. doi:10.2307/3755431. JSTOR   3755431.
  2. ↑ Moncalvo, Jean-Marc; Vilgalys, Rytas; Redhead, Scott A.; Johnson, James E.; James, Timothy Y.; Catherine Aime, M.; Hofstetter, Valerie; Verduin, Sebastiaan J. W.; Larsson, Ellen; Baroni, Timothy J.; Greg Thorn, R.; Jacobsson, Stig; Clémençon, Heinz; Miller, Orson K. (June 2002). "One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 23 (3): 357–400. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12099793.
  3. 1 2 Antonín V, Borovička J, Holec J, Piltaver A, Kolařík M (2019). "Taxonomic update of Clitocybula sensu lato with a new generic classification". Fungal Biology. 123 (6): 431–447. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2019.03.004. PMID   31126420. S2CID   146048025.
  4. ↑ Vizzini, Alfredo; Picillo, Bernardo; Perrone, Luigi; Dovana, Francesco (2019). "Chrysomycena perplexa gen. et sp. nov. (Agaricales, Porotheleaceae), una nuova entità dal territorio laziale (Italia)". Rivista micologica romana. Bollettino dell'Associazione Micologica Ecologica Romana (in Italian). 107: 96–107. ISSN   2704-6206.
  5. ↑ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 26th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
  6. 1 2 3 Na, Qin; Hu, Yaping; Zeng, Hui; Song, Zhizhong; Ding, Hui; Cheng, Xianhao; Ge, Yupeng (2022-04-29). "Updated taxonomy on Gerronema (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales) with three new taxa and one new record from China". MycoKeys. 89: 87–120. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.89.79864 . ISSN   1314-4057. PMC   9849079 . PMID   36760827.
  7. ↑ Redhead SA, Moncalvo J-M, Vilgalys R, Lutzoni F (2002). "Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for bryophilous omphalinoid agarics outside of the Agaricales (euagarics)". Mycotaxon. 82: 151–168.
  8. ↑ Redhead SA, Lutzoni F, Moncalvo J-M, Vilgalys R (2002b). "Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for core omphalinoid genera in the Agaricales (euagarics)". Mycotaxon. 83: 19–57.
  9. ↑ Norvell LL, Redhead SA, Ammirati JF (1994). "Omphalina sensu lato in North America. 1-2: 1: Omphalina wynniae and the genus Chrysomphalina. 2: Omphalina sensu Bigelow". Mycotaxon. 50: 379–407.
  10. ↑ http://www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Fungi/images/Gerronema_strombodes.Lorelei.300x328.jpg.html
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20071015080552/http://fp.bio.utk.edu/mycology/images/Gerronema_strombodes.htm
  12. ↑ http://www.indianamushrooms.com/gerronema_strombodes.html
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.