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Gliese 876 is a red dwarf star 15.2 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. It is one of the closest known stars to the Sun confirmed to possess a planetary system with more than two planets, after GJ 1061, YZ Ceti, Tau Ceti, and Wolf 1061; as of 2018, four extrasolar planets have been found to orbit the star. The planetary system is also notable for the orbital properties of its planets. It is the only known system of orbital companions to exhibit a near-triple conjunction in the rare phenomenon of Laplace resonance. It is also the first extrasolar system around a normal star with measured coplanarity. While planets b and c are located in the system's habitable zone, they are giant planets believed to be analogous to Jupiter.
Gliese 436 is a red dwarf located 31.9 light-years away in the zodiac constellation of Leo. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 10.67, which is much too faint to be seen with the naked eye. However, it can be viewed with even a modest telescope of 2.4 in (6 cm) aperture. In 2004, the existence of an extrasolar planet, Gliese 436 b, was verified as orbiting the star. This planet was later discovered to transit its host star.
Gliese 436 b is a Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf Gliese 436. It was the first hot Neptune discovered with certainty and was among the smallest-known transiting planets in mass and radius, until the much smaller Kepler exoplanet discoveries began circa 2010.
A Super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17 times Earth's, respectively. The term "super-Earth" refers only to the mass of the planet, and so does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability. The alternative term "gas dwarfs" may be more accurate for those at the higher end of the mass scale, although "mini-Neptunes" is a more common term.
GJ 1214 b is an exoplanet that orbits the star GJ 1214, and was discovered in December 2009. Its parent star is 48 light-years from the Sun, in the constellation Ophiuchus. As of 2017, GJ 1214 b is the most likely known candidate for being an ocean planet. For that reason, scientists often call the planet a "waterworld".
GJ 1214 is a dim M4.5 red dwarf star in the constellation Ophiuchus with an apparent magnitude of 14.7. It is located at a distance of 47.8 light-years from Earth. GJ 1214 hosts one known exoplanet.
WASP-43b, formally named Astrolábos, is a transiting planet in orbit around the young, active, and low-mass star WASP-43 in the constellation Sextans. The planet is a hot Jupiter with a mass twice that of Jupiter, but with a roughly equal radius. WASP-43b was flagged as a candidate by the SuperWASP program, before they conducted follow-ups using instruments at La Silla Observatory in Chile, which confirmed its existence and provided orbital and physical characteristics. The planet's discovery was published on April 14, 2011.
WASP-43 is a K-type star about 284 light-years away in the Sextans constellation. It is about half the size of the Sun, and has approximately half the mass. WASP-43 has one known planet in orbit, a Hot Jupiter called WASP-43b. At the time of publishing of WASP-43b's discovery on April 15, 2011, the planet was the most closely orbiting Hot Jupiter discovered. The small orbit of WASP-43b is thought to be caused by WASP-43's unusually low mass. WASP-43 was first observed between January and May 2009 by the SuperWASP project, and was found to be cooler and slightly richer in metals than the Sun. WASP-43 has also been found to be an active star that rotates at a high velocity.
GJ 3470 b is an exoplanet orbiting the star GJ 3470, located in the constellation Cancer. With a mass of just under 14 Earth-masses and a radius approximately 4.3 times that of Earth's, it is likely something akin to Neptune despite the initially strong belief that the planet was not covered in clouds like the gas giants in the Solar System.
WASP-121, also known as CD-38 3220, is a magnitude 10.4 star located approximately 858 light-years away in the constellation Puppis. WASP-121 has a mass and radius similar to the Sun's. It hosts one known exoplanet.
Luyten b is a confirmed exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the nearby red dwarf Luyten's Star. It is the fourth-closest potentially habitable exoplanet known, at a distance of 12 light-years. Only Proxima Centauri b, Ross 128 b, and GJ 1061 d are closer. Discovered alongside Gliese 273c in June 2017, Luyten b is a super-Earth of around 2.89 times the mass of Earth and receives only 6% more starlight than Earth, making it one of the best candidates for habitability.
LHS 3844 b, formally named Kua'kua, is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf LHS 3844, about 48.5 light-years away in the constellation Indus, discovered using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It orbits its parent star once every 11 hours, and its radius is 1.32 times that of Earth. It has a low albedo, indicating that its surface may resemble that of the Moon or Mercury. LHS 3844 b probably does not have an atmosphere as almost no heat goes to its night side, and it has a dayside temperature of 1,040 K. The presence of cloudy atmosphere with cloud tops above pressure level of 0.1 bar cannot be excluded though.
GJ 3470 is a red dwarf star located in the constellation of Cancer, 96 light-years away from Earth. With a faint apparent magnitude of 12.3, it is not visible to the naked eye. It hosts one known exoplanet.
WASP-63 or Kosjenka, also known as CD-38 2551, is a single star with an exoplanetary companion in the southern constellation of Columba. It is too faint to be visible with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 11.1. The distance to this system is approximately 942 light-years based on parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −24 km/s.
WASP-69, also named Wouri, is a K-type main-sequence star 164 light-years away. Its surface temperature is 4782±15 K. WASP-69 is slightly enriched in heavy elements compared to the Sun, with a metallicity Fe/H index of 0.10±0.01, and is much younger than the Sun at 2 billion years. The data regarding starspot activity of WASP-69 are inconclusive, but spot coverage of the photosphere may be very high.
Gliese 486, also known as Wolf 437 and formally named Gar, is a red dwarf star 26.4 light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It hosts one known exoplanet.
Gliese 367 is a red dwarf star 30.7 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Vela. It is suspected to be a variable with amplitude 0.012 stellar magnitude and period 5.16 years. A stellar multiplicity survey in 2015 failed to detect any stellar companions to Gliese 367. It hosts three known exoplanets, Gliese 367 b, c & d.
LHS 3844 is a red dwarf star located 48.5 light-years away from the Solar System in the constellation of Indus. The star has about 15% the mass and 19% the radius of the Sun. It is a relatively inactive red dwarf with a slow rotation period of about 128 days, though UV flares have been observed. LHS 3844 is orbited by one known exoplanet.
L 168-9 is a red dwarf star located 82.1 light-years away from the Solar System in the constellation of Tucana. The star has about 62% the mass and 60% the radius of the Sun. It has a temperature of 3,800 K and a rotation period of 29.8 days. L 168-9 is orbited by one known exoplanet.
References
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- 1 2 3 4 Goffo, Elisa; Gandolfi, Davide; et al. (September 2023). "Company for the ultra-high density, ultra-short period sub-Earth GJ 367 b: discovery of two additional low-mass planets at 11.5 and 34 days". The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 955 (1): L3. arXiv: 2307.09181 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...955L...3G. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace0c7 .
- 1 2 3 4 Zhang, Michael; Hu, Renyu; et al. (January 2024). "GJ 367b is a dark, hot, airless sub-Earth". The Astrophysical Journal Letters . arXiv: 2401.01400 .
- ↑ Witze, Alexandra (2021-12-02). "This tiny iron-rich world is extraordinarily metal". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-03587-z. PMID 34857947. S2CID 244846974.
- ↑ "Planetary Systems Composite Data". NASA Exoplanet Archive . Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "List of ExoWorlds 2022". nameexoworlds.iau.org. IAU. 8 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ↑ "Unraveling Exoplanet GJ 367b Mysteries with the James Webb Telescope". www.jameswebbdiscovery.com. Retrieved 2024-02-15.
- ↑ Hellier, Coel. "A new exoplanet: meet GJ 367b, an iron planet smaller and denser than Earth". The Conversation. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
