Gloeoheppiaceae

Last updated

Gloeoheppiaceae
Gloeoheppia turgida.jpg
Gloeoheppia turgida
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lichinomycetes
Order: Lichinales
Family: Gloeoheppiaceae
Henssen (1995)
Genera

Gloeoheppia
Gudelia
Pseudopeltula

Gloeoheppiaceae is a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Lichinales. [1] [2] The family contains ten species distributed amongst three genera. Most species are lichenised with cyanobacteria. Species in this family are mostly found in desert areas. [3] Modern molecular phylogenetics analysis casts doubt on the phylogenetic validity of the family, suggesting a more appropriate placement of its species in the family Lichinaceae.

Contents

Taxonomy

The family was circumscribed in 1995 by the German lichenologist Aino Henssen. Her research corroborated the findings of Marton & Galun (1981) and provided additional support for the distinction between the genera Gloeoheppia and Heppia , initially suggested by Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik in 1935. [4] Henssen observed that the unique paraphyses of Heppia, with a base comprising short cells, align closely with characteristics found in genera of the family Coccocarpiaceae. This is further evidenced by the presence of thick ascogonia (female reproductive structures), trichogynes (long, slender organs in female gametangia), and thallus hyphae, as well as by its attachment to substrates via single rhizoidal hyphae, a feature common to members of the families Collemataceae or Placynthiaceae. Conversely, in Gloeoheppia, the development of apothecia (fruiting bodies) and the overall structure of the thallus bear a closer resemblance to those found in the family Lichinaceae, marking a distinct differentiation from Heppia. [5]

In molecular phylogenetics analysis published in 2021, Díaz-Escandón and colleagues show that the Gloeoheppiaceae was recovered in a highly supported clade with Lichina and Lichinella (both genera members of the family Lichinaceae), and that in their analysis the three families of Lichinales recognized in the current literature are not recovered. They suggest that "support in particular for the family Gloeoheppiaceae ... does not appear to be forthcoming". [6]

Description

The Gloeoheppiaceae consists of lichen-forming fungi with a squamulose to peltate (shield-like) thallus, which is homoiomerous , meaning its internal structure is uniform throughout. The family's photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is cyanobacterial, typically of the chroococcoid type. As for reproductive structures, the ascomata (fruiting bodies) are apotheciate and lecanorine , meaning they are disc-like and often sunken or closely attached to the thallus. The hamathecium , the tissue layer containing fertile parts of the ascomata, comprises paraphyses that are either unbranched or branched and can be amyloid (staining with iodine) or non-amyloid. The asci, which are the spore-bearing cells, are prototunicate and non-amyloid, indicating a simple, undifferentiated wall. The ascospores are straightforward in form: simple , ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent), and non-amyloid. For asexual reproduction, Gloeoheppiaceae have conidiomata (structures producing asexual spores) known as pycnidia, with non-septate, bacilliform (rod-shaped), hyaline conidia. No secondary metabolites have been identified in this family. [7]

Genera and species

As of December 2023, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept three genera and ten species in the family Gloeoheppiaceae: [1]

Habitat and distribution

Members of the Gloeoheppiaceae are either terricolous (ground-dwelling) or saxicolous (rock-dwelling), and tend to prefer growing on substrates that are calciferous. They are generally found in dry subtropical areas or regions with a Mediterranean climate. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lichinales</span> Order of fungi

Lichinales is the sole order of ascomycete fungi in the class Lichinomycetes. It contains three families: Gloeoheppiaceae, Lichinaceae, and Peltulaceae. Most species are lichenized. Lichinales was proposed in 1986 by German lichenologists Aino Henssen and Burkhard Büdel. The class Lichinomycetes was created by Valérie Reeb, François Lutzoni and Claude Roux in 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lichinaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Lichinaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi. Most species are lichenized with cyanobacteria, and have a distribution largely in temperate regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gomphillaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Gomphillaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. Species in this family are found mostly in tropical regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stictidaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Stictidaceae are a family of fungi in the order Ostropales. It has 30 genera and about 240 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Icmadophilaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Icmadophilaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. The family was circumscribed in 1993 by the mycologist Dagmar Treibel. It contains 9 genera and 35 species.

Aphanopsidaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. It contains the genera Aphanopsis and Steinia, comprising five species. The family was circumscribed in 1995 by the lichenologists Christian Printzen and Gerhard Rambold.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Candelariaceae</span> Family of lichens

Candelariaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Candelariales. It contains seven genera and about 73 species.

Stromatella bermudana is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen. It is the only species in Stromatella, a monotypic fungal genus in the family Lichinaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1989 by German lichenologist Aino Henssen. This species was originally described as Psorotichia bermudana by US botanist Lincoln Ware Riddle in 1916, from specimens collected in Bermuda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tephromelataceae</span> Family of lichens in the order Lecanorales

The Tephromelataceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The family was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner in 1984. Tephromelataceae comprises the genera Tephromela, Calvitimela, Mycoblastus and Violella, which together constitute a well-supported monophyletic group.

Taitaia is a single-species fungal genus in the family Gomphillaceae. It was circumscribed in 2018 to contain the species Taitaia aurea, a lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus. This species is characterized by aggregated ascomata with yellow margins, and salmon-red discs that originate from a single base. It is known only from a few sites in Kenya's tropical lower-mountain forests, where it grows on thalli of the lichen Crocodia.

<i>Roccellinastrum</i> Genus of fungi

Roccellinastrum is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. It has seven species.

<i>Schaereria</i> Genus of lichen

Schaereria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the family Schaereriaceae, which itself is the only family in the Schaereriales, an order in the subclass Ostropomycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes. Most Schaereria species are crustose lichens that live on rocks. Schaereria was first proposed by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855 and was later taken up by other lichenologists despite periods of disuse.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhizocarpales</span> Order of fungi

Rhizocarpales are an order of lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Lecanoromycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes. It has two families, Rhizocarpaceae and Sporastatiaceae, which contain mostly crustose lichens.

<i>Carbonicola</i> (lichen) Genus of lichens

Carbonicola is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the monogeneric family Carbonicolaceae. The genus, which collectively has an almost cosmopolitan distribution, contains three squamulose lichens that prefer to grow on burned wood in temperate areas of the world.

<i>Bathelium</i> Genus of lichens

Bathelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Massalongiaceae</span> Genus of lichens

Massalongiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. It has three genera and seven species.

Harpidiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi, containing two genera and five species. It is of uncertain classification in the Pezizomycotina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thelenellaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

Thelenellaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole family in the monotypic order Thelenellales, and contains three genera and about 50 species.

Aspiciliopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trapeliaceae. It has two species, both of which occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Pyrenotrichaceae are a small family of fungi in the order Chaetothyriales. It contains two genera, and a total of six species. The genus Pyrenothrix has two species of bark- or leaf-dwelling lichens, while Neophaeococcomyces has four species of saprobic fungi.

References

  1. 1 2 "Gloeoheppiaceae". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [180]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 .
  3. ↑ Cannon PF, Kirk PM (2007). Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford: CABI. p. 17. ISBN   978-0-85199-827-5.
  4. 1 2 Gyelnik, V. (1935). "De familiam Heppiacearum 1,2". Feddes Repertorium (in German). 38: 153–157 (465–469), 307–313 (523–529).
  5. ↑ Henssen, Aino (1995). "The New Lichen family Gloeoheppiaceae and its genera Gloeoheppia, Pseudopeltula and Gudelia (Lichinales)". The Lichenologist. 27 (4): 261–290. doi:10.1006/lich.1995.0025.
  6. ↑ Díaz-Escandón, David; Hawksworth, David L.; Powell, Mark; Resl, Philipp; Spribille, Toby (2021). "The British chalk specialist Lecidea lichenicola auct. revealed as a new genus of Lichinomycetes". Fungal Biology. 125 (7): 495–504. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2021.01.007. PMID   34140146.
  7. 1 2 Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.). Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 205. ISBN   978-3-443-01089-8. OCLC   429208213.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.