Glycoside hydrolase family 36

Last updated
Melibiase
PDB 1uas EBI.jpg
crystal structure of rice alpha-galactosidase
Identifiers
SymbolMelibiase
Pfam PF02065
Pfam clan CL0058
InterPro IPR000111
SCOP2 1ktc / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CAZy GH36
Available protein structures:
Pfam   structures / ECOD  
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary
Raffinose_syn
Identifiers
SymbolRaffinose_syn
Pfam PF05691
Pfam clan CL0058
InterPro IPR008811
CAZy GH36
Available protein structures:
Pfam   structures / ECOD  
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 36 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

Contents

Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. [1] [2] [3] This classification is available on the CAZy web site, [4] [5] and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes. [6] [7]

Glycoside hydrolase family 36 together with family 31 and family 27 alpha-galactosidases form the glycosyl hydrolase clan GH-D, a superfamily of alpha-galactosidases, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidases, and isomaltodextranases which are likely to share a common catalytic mechanism and structural topology.

Alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) (melibiase) [8] catalyzes the hydrolysis of melibiose into galactose and glucose. In man, the deficiency of this enzyme is the cause of Fabry's disease (X-linked sphingolipidosis). Alpha-galactosidase is present in a variety of organisms. There is a considerable degree of similarity in the sequence of alpha-galactosidase from various eukaryotic species. Escherichia coli alpha-galactosidase (gene melA), which requires NAD and magnesium as cofactors, is not structurally related to the eukaryotic enzymes; by contrast, an Escherichia coli plasmid encoded alpha-galactosidase (gene rafA P16551 ) [9] contains a region of about 50 amino acids which is similar to a domain of the eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases. Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49) [10] catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D- galactosaminides. In man, the deficiency of this enzyme is the cause of Schindler and Kanzaki diseases. The sequence of this enzyme is highly related to that of the eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases.

This family also includes raffinose synthase proteins, also known as seed inhibition (Sip1) proteins. Raffinose (O-alpha- D-galactopyranosyl- (1-->6)- O-alpha- D-glucopyranosyl-(1<-->2)- O-beta- D-fructofuranoside) is a widespread oligosaccharide in plant seeds and other tissues. Raffinose synthase EC 2.4.1.82 is the key enzyme that channels sucrose into the raffinose oligosaccharide pathway. [11]

Glycoside hydrolase family 36 also includes enzymes with α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase EC 3.2.1.49 and stachyose synthase EC 2.4.1.67 activities.

Glycoside hydrolase family 36 can be subdivided into 11 families, GH36A to GH36K. [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 1</span>

Glycoside hydrolase family 1 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 16</span>

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 16 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 2</span>

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 2 is a family of glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1., which are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 31</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 31 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 35</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 35 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 4</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 4 is a family of glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1., which are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 42</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 42 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 62 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 63 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 68</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 68 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 77</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 77 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 81 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 97 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 98 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 13</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 13 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 24</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 24 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 27</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 27 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycoside hydrolase family 33</span>

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 33 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 57 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 101 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

References

  1. Henrissat B, Callebaut I, Mornon JP, Fabrega S, Lehn P, Davies G (1995). "Conserved catalytic machinery and the prediction of a common fold for several families of glycosyl hydrolases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (15): 7090–7094. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.7090H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.15.7090 . PMC   41477 . PMID   7624375.
  2. Henrissat B, Davies G (1995). "Structures and mechanisms of glycosyl hydrolases". Structure. 3 (9): 853–859. doi: 10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00220-9 . PMID   8535779.
  3. "Bairoch, A. "Classification of glycosyl hydrolase families and index of glycosyl hydrolase entries in SWISS-PROT". 1999". Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
  4. "Home". CAZy.org. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  5. Lombard, Vincent; Golaconda Ramulu, Hemalatha; Drula, Elodie; Coutinho, Pedro M.; Henrissat, Bernard (2014-01-01). "The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (D1): D490–D495. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1178. ISSN   0305-1048. PMC   3965031 . PMID   24270786.
  6. "Glycoside Hydrolase Family 36". CAZypedia.org. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  7. CAZypedia Consortium (2018-12-01). "Ten years of CAZypedia: a living encyclopedia of carbohydrate-active enzymes" (PDF). Glycobiology. 28 (1): 3–8. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwx089 . ISSN   1460-2423. PMID   29040563.
  8. Dey PM, Pridham JB (1972). "Biochemistry of -galactosidases". Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 36: 91–120. doi:10.1002/9780470122815.ch3. PMID   4561015.
  9. Aslanidis C, Schmid K, Schmitt R (1989). "Nucleotide sequences and operon structure of plasmid-borne genes mediating uptake and utilization of raffinose in Escherichia coli". J. Bacteriol. 171 (12): 6753–6763. doi:10.1128/jb.171.12.6753-6763.1989. PMC   210573 . PMID   2556373.
  10. Wang AM, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ (1990). "Human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase-molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a full-length cDNA. Homology with human alpha-galactosidase A suggests evolution from a common ancestral gene". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (35): 21859–21866. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45818-8 . PMID   2174888.
  11. Peterbauer T, Mach L, Mucha J, Richter A (September 2002). "Functional expression of a cDNA encoding pea (Pisum sativum L.) raffinose synthase, partial purification of the enzyme from maturing seeds, and steady-state kinetic analysis of raffinose synthesis". Planta. 215 (5): 839–46. doi:10.1007/s00425-002-0804-7. PMID   12244450. S2CID   449826.
  12. Naumoff DG (2011). "Hierarchical classification of glycoside hydrolases". Biochemistry (Moscow). 76 (6): 622–35. doi:10.1134/S0006297911060022. PMID   21639842. S2CID   206838603.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR000111