HMS Sturgeon (1917)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Sturgeon.

History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Sturgeon
Builder	Alexander Stephen and Sons, Govan
Laid down	10 November 1915
Launched	11 January 1917
Completed	26 February 1917
Fate	16 December 1926
General characteristics
Class and type	R-class destroyer
Displacement	1,220 long tons (1,240 t) deep load
Length	276 ft 1 in (84.15 m) oa
Beam	26 ft 9 in (8.15 m)
Draught	1 ft 5+1⁄2 in (0.44 m)
Installed power	27,000 shp (20,000 kW)
Propulsion	3× Yarrow boilers Brown-Curtis steam turbines 3 shafts
Speed	36 kn (41 mph; 67 km/h)
Complement	82
Armament	3 × 4-inch (102 mm) guns 1 × 2-pounder (40 mm) guns 4 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes

HMS Sturgeon was an R-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. Sturgeon was built built by Alexander Stephen and Sons in Glasgow, Scotland, and was launched on 11 January 1917 and completed in February that year. The ship took its name after Sturgeon, a freshwater fish.

Sturgeon served in the North Sea as part of the Harwich Force during the remainder of the First World War. After the end of the war, the destroyer was used as a tender to the Britannia Royal Naval College at Dartmouth, Devon. Sturgeon was sold for scrap on 16 December 1926.

Design

The R-class was a further development of the M-class destroyer, which had been the last class of destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy before the start of the First World War, and had therefore been built in large numbers during the early years of the war. ^[1] The R-class differed by having geared rather than direct drive steam turbines, giving greater fuel efficiency, having a higher forecastle for better seakeeping and a larger and more robust bridge structure. ^{[2] [3]}

The standard Admiralty R-class ships were 276 feet 1 inch (84.15 m) long overall and 265 feet 0 inches (80.77 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 feet 9 inches (8.15 m) and a draught of 13 feet 5+1⁄2 inches (4.102 m). Displacement was 1,072 long tons (1,089 t) normal and 1,220 long tons (1,240 t) deep load. ^[4] Three Yarrow water-tube boilers fed steam to Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines which drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) giving a speed of 36 knots (41 mph; 67 km/h). ^[2] The ships were armed with three 4-inch (102 mm) QF Mk IV guns, together with one 2-pounder pom-pom anti-aircraft autocannon. Two twin 21-inch (533mm torpedo tubes were fitted. ^[2] The ships had a crew of 82. ^{[2] [3]}

History

Sturgeon was ordered in July 1915 as part of the sixth Emergency War Programme, one of 19 R-class destroyers ordered under that Programme. ^{[5] [6] [7]} The destroyer was laid down at Alexander Stephen and Sons' Govan, Glasgow shipyard as Yard number 477 on 10 November 1915, ^{[6] [8]} Sturgeon was launched on 11 January 1917, ^{[2] [6]} the second ship of that name to be built for the Royal Navy, ^[9] and was completed on 26 February 1917. ^[6]

During the First World War, the ship was assigned to the 10th Destroyer Flotilla, as part of the Harwich Force, ^{[10] [11]} which operated in the North Sea and could reinforce the Grand Fleet or forces in the English Channel as required. ^[12] In June 1917, an explosion occurred on the ship that resulted in the death of a Petty Officer. ^{[13] [14]} The future physicist Patrick Blackett served on the ship during the war. ^[15] On 11 March 1918, the ship together with the destroyers Thruster, and Retriever spotted the conning tower of a German submarine in the southern North Sea, and attacked with depth charges. The submarine broke surface at a high angle and was depth charged again, bringing up oil and wreckage, including a wooden ladder, a life buoy and a calcium flare. ^{[16] [17] [18]} The attack was credited by the British Admiralty as sinking the German submarine SM UB-54, ^{[19] [20]} but other sources state that the attack was well away from UB-54's planned patrol area and the submarine attacked was SM UB-78, which survived the attack with a damaged oil tank, with the exact date and cause of UB-54's loss unknown. ^{[16] [17] [21]}

Sturgeon remained part of the Harwich Force at the end of the war on 11 November 1918, ^{[11] [22]} but by February 1919, was based at Devonport and attached to the Royal Navy College at Dartmouth, Devon. ^[23] On 18 October 1921, Sturgeon stood by the laid up steamer Manchurian Prince in Dartmouth harbour when the steamer suffered an engine room fire. ^[24] In 1926, Sturgeon was replaced as tender to Dartmouth College by the minesweeper Forres. ^[25]

She was sold for breaking up on 16 December 1926 to Plymouth & Devon Ship Breaking Company of Plymouth. ^{[2] [7]}

The ship's official badge is in the collections of the Imperial War Museum. ^[26]

Pennant numbers

Pennant number	Dates [7]
F49	1917–January 1918
G17	January 1918–April 1918
F47	April 1918 –

Citations

1. Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 77, 80, 81.
2. Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 81.
3. Manning 1961, p. 72.
4. Friedman 2009, p. 296.
5. "HMS Sturgeon". The Dreadnought Project. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
6. Friedman 2009, p. 310.
7. Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 70.
8. "Sturgeon". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
9. Manning & Walker 1959, p. 422.
10. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: II.—Harwich Force". The Navy List. April 1917. p. 13. Retrieved 24 December 2022– via National Library of Scotland.
11. Watson, Graham E (30 December 2000). "Royal Navy Destroyer Flotillas, November 1918". The World War I Document Archive. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
12. Friedman 2009, p. 138.
13. "PETTY OFFICER T C SLADE". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
14. Admiralty Lists and Indexes Amended Edition. Supplementary series. Issue 6, Volume 3. Great Britain. Public Record Office. 1974. p. 219.
15. Nye 2004, p. 23.
16. Grant 1964, pp. 116, 121–122.
17. Kemp 1997, p. 44.
18. "The Prize Court: Fighting the U-Boats: Prize Bounty". The Times . No. 42694. 14 April 1921. p. 4.
19. Gröner 1991, pp. 25–30.
20. Grant 1964, p. 116.
21. Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-Boats: UB 54". uboat.net. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
22. "Ships of the Royal Navy - Location/Action Data, 1914–1918: Admiralty "Pink Lists", 11 November 1918". World War 1 at Sea. naval-history.net. 24 March 1915. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
23. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: VI.—Local Defence and Minesweeping Flotillas and Training Establishments: Devonport: Dartmouth College". The Navy List. February 1919. p. 17. Retrieved 24 December 2022– via National Library of Scotland.
24. "Casualty Reports". The Times. No. 42855. 19 October 1921. p. 18.
25. "Naval and Military: Command of the Forres". The Times. No. 44178. 25 January 1925. p. 19.
26. "Official boat badge of HMS Sturgeon". IWM. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

References

• Dittmar, F. J.; Colledge, J. J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN   0-7110-0380-7.
• Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84832-049-9.
• Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN   0-85177-245-5.
• Grant, Robert M. (1964). U-Boats Destroyed: The Effect of Anti-Submarine Warfare 1914–1918. London: Putnam.
• Gröner, Erich (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN   0-85177-593-4.
• Kemp, Paul (1997). U-Boats Destroyed: German Submarine Losses in the World Wars. London: Arms & Armour Press. ISBN   1-85409-321-5.
• Manning, T. D. (1961). The British Destroyer. London: Putnam.
• Manning, T. D.; Walker, C. F. (1959). British Warship Names. London: Putnam.
• Nye, Mary (2004). Blackett. Physics, War, and Politics in the Twentieth Century. Harvard University Press. ISBN   9780674015487.