This article needs additional citations for verification .(January 2013) |
HMS Skate in 1942 | |
Class overview | |
---|---|
Name | R class |
Operators | |
Preceded by | Admiralty M class |
Succeeded by | |
Built | 1916–1917 |
In commission | 1916–1957 |
Completed | 62 |
Lost | 8 |
Preserved | 1 (HMS Radiant, transferred to Royal Siamese Navy in 1920 and renamed Phra Ruang, survives as hulk |
General characteristics | |
Type | Destroyer |
Displacement | |
Length | 276 ft (84.1 m) |
Beam | 26 ft 9 in (8.15 m) |
Draught | 9 ft 10 in (3.00 m) |
Propulsion |
|
Speed | 36 knots (41.4 mph; 66.7 km/h) |
Range | 3,440 nmi (6,370 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h) |
Complement | 82 |
Armament |
|
The first R class were a class of 62 destroyers built between 1916 and 1917 for the Royal Navy. They were an improvement, specifically in the area of fuel economy, of the earlier Admiralty M-class destroyers. The most important difference was that the Admiralty R class had two shafts and geared turbines, compared with the three shafts and direct turbines of the Admiralty M class, but in appearance the R class could be distinguished from its predecessors by having the after 4-inch gun mounted in a bandstand. The Admiralty ordered the first two of this class of ships in May 1915. Another seventeen were ordered in July 1915, a further eight in December 1915, and a final twenty-three in March 1916 (of which eleven were to a slightly modified design).
As well as these fifty ships to the standard 'Admiralty' design, twelve more R class were designed and built by the two specialist builders Yarrow Shipbuilders and John I. Thornycroft & Company to their own separate designs. Three were ordered from Thornycroft and four from Yarrow in July 1915, and two from Thornycroft and three from Yarrow in December 1915.
They were the last three-funnelled destroyers ordered by the Royal Navy (although HMS Bristol commissioned in 1973 had three funnels, these were not all on the centreline). All of these ships saw extensive service in World War I. Some saw service as minelayers. Eight R-class ships were sunk during the war and all but two of the surviving ships were scrapped in the 1920s and 1930s. One Admiralty R-class vessel, HMS Skate, survived to see service in World War II as a convoy escort, making her the oldest destroyer to see wartime service with the Royal Navy. A second, HMS Radiant was transferred to the Royal Siamese Navy as Phra Ruang in September 1920.
The ships of this class were ordered under the 5th through 8th War Emergency Programmes through which the government funded the United Kingdom's increased ship production during World War I. The first two prototypes of this class were ordered in May 1915 as part of the 5th War Programme and larger numbers followed, as summarized in the following table:
War Programme | Ordered | Admiralty R | Admiralty Modified R | Thornycroft R | Yarrow R |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | May 1915 | 2 | - | - | - |
6 | July 1915 | 17 | - | 3 | 4 |
7 | December 1915 | 8 | - | 2 | - |
8 | March 1916 | 12 | 11 | - | 3 |
Name | Pennant | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Disposed | Status | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5th War Programme order in May 1915 (2 ships) | |||||||||
Radstock | D94, H64, G76, G79, G81 | Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson | 6 September 1915 | 8 June 1916 | 20 September 1916 | 29 April 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Raider | D95, G41, G81, G82, G86 | Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson | October 1915 | 17 July 1916 | October 1916 | 29 April 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
6th War Programme order in July 1915 (17 ships) | |||||||||
Romola | G15, G18, G53, G83 | John Brown & Company, Clydebank | 25 August 1915 | 14 May 1916 | 17 August 1916 | 13 March 1930 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | |
Rowena | D84, F45, H85, G81, G90 | John Brown & Company, Clydebank | 25 August 1915 | 1 July 1916 | 29 September 1916 | 27 January 1937 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | |
Restless | G85, G88 | John Brown & Company, Clydebank | 22 September 1915 | 12 August 1916 | 21 October 1916 | 23 November 1936 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | |
Rigorous | G86, G90 | John Brown & Company, Clydebank | 22 September 1915 | 30 September 1916 | 30 November 1916 | 5 November 1926 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | |
Rocket | G43, G82, G88, H76 | William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton | 28 September 1915 | 2 July 1916 | 7 October 1916 | 16 December 1926 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | |
Rob Roy | William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton | 15 October 1915 | 29 August 1916 | 15 December 1916 | 13 July 1926 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | ||
Redgauntlet | F51, F58, F97, FA4 | William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton | 28 September 1915 | 23 November 1916 | 7 February 1917 | July 1927 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | |
Redoubt | F56, F57 | William Doxford & Sons, Sunderland | 28 October 1916 | 13 July 1926 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | |||
Recruit | William Doxford & Sons, Sunderland | 9 December 1916 | April 1917 | 9 August 1917 | Sunk by submarine | [1] | |||
Sable | G44, G91, H93 | J. Samuel White, Cowes | 26 June 1916 | 30 November 1916 | August 1927 | Scrapped | [ citation needed ] | ||
Setter | F55, G98 | J. Samuel White, Cowes | 18 August 1916 | 12 February 1917 | 17 May 1917 | Sunk after collision | [ citation needed ] | ||
Salmon (renamed Sable) | F18, G93, G94, H36, H58 | Harland and Wolff, Govan | 27 August 1915 | 7 October 1916 | 20 December 1916 | 28 January 1937 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Sylph | D93, F54, F68, G69, H0A | Harland and Wolff, Govan | 30 August 1916 | 15 November 1916 | 10 February 1917 | 16 December 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Sarpedon | F15, G14, G19, G21, G82 | R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Hebburn on Tyne | 27 September 1915 | 1 June 1916 | 2 September 1916 | 23 July 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Sorceress | G68, G93, G94, H66 | Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Wallsend-on-Tyne | 13 November 1915 | 29 August 1916 | 4 December 1916 | 29 April 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Sturgeon | F47, F49, G17 | Alexander Stephen and Sons, Linthouse, Govan | 10 November 1915 | 11 January 1917 | 26 February 1917 | 16 December 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Sceptre | F60, F79 | Alexander Stephen and Sons, Linthouse, Govan | 10 November 1915 | 18 April 1917 | 26 May 1917 | 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
7th War Programme order in December 1915 (8 ships) | |||||||||
Satyr | F51, F59, G52, H78 | William Beardmore and Company, Dalmuir | April 1916 | 27 December 1916 | 2 February 1917 | 16 December 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Sharpshooter | F48, F61 | William Beardmore and Company, Dalmuir | May 1916 | 27 February 1917 | 2 April 1917 | 29 April 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Simoom | John Brown & Company, Clydebank | 23 May 1916 | 30 October 1916 | 22 December 1916 | 23 January 1917 | Sunk by torpedo boat | [ citation needed ] | ||
Skate | John Brown & Company, Clydebank | 12 January 1916 | 11 January 1917 | 19 February 1917 | 1947 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Skilful | Harland and Wolff, Govan | 3 February 1917 | 13 July 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||||
Springbok | Harland and Wolff, Govan | 27 January 1916 | 9 March 1917 | 30 April 1917 | 16 December 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Starfish | F60, F64, G50, H70 | R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Hebburn on Tyne | 27 September 1916 | 21 April 1928 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |||
Stork | F65, F66, G60, H90 | R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Hebburn on Tyne | 10 April 1916 | 25 November 1916 | 1 February 1917 | 7 October 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
8th War Programme order in March 1916 (12 ships) | |||||||||
Tancred | F12, F85, G07, G08, G79, H67 | William Beardmore and Company, Dalmuir | 5 November 1916 | 30 June 1917 | 1 September 1917 | 17 May 1928 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Tarpon | F22, F65, F72, F79, H97 | John Brown & Company, Clydebank | 12 April 1916 | 10 March 1917 | April 1917 | 4 August 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Telemachus | F23, F66, F81, F86, H98 | John Brown & Company, Clydebank | 12 April 1916 | 21 April 1917 | June 1917 | July 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Tempest | Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company | 26 January 1917 | April 1917 | January 1937 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |||
Tenacious | F96, G02, G61, H1A | Harland and Wolff, Govan; J. Samuel White, Cowes | 25 July 1916 | 21 March 1917 | 12 August 1917 | 26 June 1928 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Tetrarch | F74, F87, G54, H59 | Harland and Wolff, Govan; J. Samuel White, Cowes | 26 July 1916 | 20 April 1917 | 2 June 1917 | 28 July 1934 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Thisbe | F75, F82, G80, H72 | R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Hebburn on Tyne | June 1916 | 8 March 1917 | 6 June 1917 | 31 August 1936 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Thruster | F74, F76, G81, H73 | R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Hebburn on Tyne | 2 June 1916 | 10 January 1917 | 30 March 1917 | 16 March 1937 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Tormentor | Alexander Stephen and Sons, Linthouse, Govan | 22 May 1917 | 19 November 1929 | Sold for scrap; sunk in transit | [ citation needed ] | ||||
Tornado | Alexander Stephen and Sons, Linthouse, Govan | 4 August 1917 | November 1917 | 23 December 1917 | Sunk by mines | [ citation needed ] | |||
Torrent | Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Wallsend-on-Tyne | 26 November 1916 | February 1917 | 23 December 1917 | Sunk by mines | [ citation needed ] | |||
Torrid | Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Wallsend-on-Tyne | 19 July 1916 | 10 February 1917 | 5 May 1917 | 27 January 1937 | Sunk by mines | [ citation needed ] |
The remaining eleven ships ordered in March 1916 were of the Admiralty Modified R class with a slightly increased breadth of 27 ft, a draught of 11 ft, and a tonnage of 1,085. These ships had two funnels.
Name | Pennant | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Disposed | Status | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8th War Programme order in March 1916 (11 ships) | |||||||||
Trenchant | G78, G96 | J. Samuel White, Cowes | 23 December 1916 | 30 April 1917 | 15 November 1928 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Tristram | F11, F25, F89 | J. Samuel White, Cowes | 23 September 1916 | 24 February 1917 | 30 June 1917 | 9 May 1921 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Tirade | F07, F81, G80, HA7 | Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Greenock | 1 May 1916 | 21 April 1917 | 30 June 1917 | 15 November 1921 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Tower | Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Wallsend-on-Tyne | September 1916 | 5 April 1917 | 17 May 1928 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |||
Ulster | F01, F17, F91, H09 | William Beardmore and Company, Dalmuir | 10 October 1917 | 21 November 1917 | 21 April 1928 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Ulysses | William Doxford & Sons, Sunderland | 24 March 1917 | 29 October 1918 | Sunk following collision | [ citation needed ] | ||||
Umpire | F02, F26, F94, H10 | William Doxford & Sons, Sunderland | 9 June 1917 | August 1917 | 7 January 1930 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Undine | F03, G79, G97, H61 | Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company | 23 September 1916 | 22 March 1917 | 26 May 1917 | 28 September 1927 | Sold for scrap; sunk in transit | [ citation needed ] | |
Urchin | F04, F99, H62 | Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company | 7 June 1917 | August 1917 | 7 January 1930 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Ursa | F05, F10, H63 | Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company | 23 July 1917 | 16 October 1917 | 13 July 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Ursula | F01, F84, F88, H11 | Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Greenock | 22 September 1916 | 21 April 1917 | 26 September 1917 | 19 November 1929 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] |
Name | Pennant | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Disposed | Status | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6th War Programme order in July 1915 (3 ships) | |||||||||
Rosalind | D87, G64, G89, G95 | John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston | October 1915 | 14 October 1916 | December 1916 | 13 July 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Radiant | John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston | 25 November 1916 | February 1917 | 21 June 1920 | Sold to Thailand as Phra Ruang | [ citation needed ] | |||
Retriever | John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston | 15 January 1917 | 26 July 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||||
7th War Programme order in December 1915 (2 ships) | |||||||||
Taurus | D82, F39, F70, F71, H30 | John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston | March 1916 | 10 March 1917 | May 1917 | 18 February 1930 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | |
Teazer | D83, F40, F71, F93, H17 | John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston | March 1916 | 21 April 1917 | July 1917 | 6 February 1931 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] |
Only a single R-class destroyer was passed on from the Royal Navy for service in another service:
Name | Former name | Operator | Service entry | Service exit | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phra Ruang | ex-Radiant | Royal Thai Navy | September 1920 | 1957 | Stricken | [ citation needed ] |
These seven ships built by Yarrow Shipbuilders were sometimes classified as the Yarrow Later M-class destroyer. These ships had two funnels.
Name | Pennant | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Disposed | Status | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6th War Programme order in July 1915 (4 ships) | |||||||||
Sabrina | Yarrow Shipbuilders | August 1915 | 24 July 1916 | September 1916 | 5 November 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Strongbow | Yarrow Shipbuilders | 30 September 1916 | November 1916 | 17 October 1917 | Sunk by cruisers | [ citation needed ] | |||
Surprise | Yarrow Shipbuilders | 25 November 1916 | February 1917 | 23 December 1917 | Sunk by mines | [ citation needed ] | |||
Sybille | Yarrow Shipbuilders | August 1915 | 5 February 1917 | February 1917 | 5 November 1926 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
8th War Programme order in March 1916 (3 ships) | |||||||||
Truculent | Yarrow Shipbuilders | March 1916 | 24 March 1917 | May 1917 | 29 April 1927 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Tyrant | Yarrow Shipbuilders | March 1916 | 19 May 1917 | July 1917 | April 1938 | Sold for scrap | [ citation needed ] | ||
Ulleswater | Yarrow Shipbuilders | 1916 | 4 August 1917 | 15 August 1918 | Sunk by submarine | [ citation needed ] |
HMS Sceptre was an R-class destroyer of the Royal Navy, built by Alexander Stephen and Sons, at Linthouse and launched on 18 April 1917. In total 51 ships were in this class and saw service in World War I, entering service from 1916 to 1917 and suffering comparatively light losses. Sceptre saw action as part of the Harwich Force, operating mainly in the North Sea. She survived the war and was sold for disposal in 1926.
The V and W class was an amalgam of six similar classes of destroyer built for the Royal Navy under the 9th, 10th, 13th and 14th of fourteen War Emergency Programmes during the First World War and generally treated as one class. For their time they were among the most powerful and advanced ships of their type in the world, and set the trend for future British designs.
The River-class destroyer was a class of torpedo boat destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the first few years of the 20th century, and which saw extensive service in World War I. These 37 vessels were all constructed to disparate builders' designs, just like the preceding classes.
The M class, more properly known as the Admiralty M class, were a class of 85 destroyers built for the Royal Navy of United Kingdom that saw service during World War I. All ships were built to an identical – Admiralty – design, hence the class name. 18 other vessels which were officially included within the 'M' class were built to variant designs by three specialist builders – 10 by Yarrow, 6 by Thornycroft, and 2 by Hawthorn Leslie; these are covered in other articles.
HMS Skate was an R-class destroyer of the Royal Navy that was laid down and completed during the First World War. She was built at John Brown Shipyard at Clydebank in Scotland and launched on 11 January 1917.
HMS Tartar was a Tribal-class destroyer of the Royal Navy launched in 1907 and sold in 1921. During the First World War, she served in the North Sea and the English Channel with the 6th Destroyer Flotilla.
HMS Patrician was a Thornycroft M-class destroyer that served in the British Royal Navy during World War I. The destroyer entered service in 1916 and served with the Grand Fleet. Following the war, the destroyer was deemed surplus and she was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1920 and served there until 1928. She was sold for scrap in 1929.
The Cricket class and following classes of coastal destroyers were a series of small torpedo boat destroyers (TBDs) intended to complement the Royal Navy's Tribal-class destroyers. The thirty-six vessels which broadly comprised this group actually consisted of several distinct classes, as each contractor built to their own designs, and even single contractor's designs evolved from year to year.
HMS Strongbow was an M-class destroyer built for the British Royal Navy during the First World War. The ship was launched in September 1916 and entered service in November that year. Stongbow was sunk on 17 October 1917 by the German light cruisers SMS Bremse and Brummer in the North Sea, when escorting a convoy of merchant ships from Norway.
HMS Surprise was a Royal Navy R-class destroyer constructed and then operational in the First World War. She was sunk, with most of her crew in 1917. On 23 December 1917 HMS Surprise, Torrent, and Tornado sank after entering an Imperial German minefield.
HMS Rosalind was an R-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy. The ship was launched by Thornycroft on 14 October 1916 as the first of five similar ships ordered from the yard. The design was used as the basis for five subsequent ships of the S-class also built by the company. Rosalind served as part of the Grand Fleet during the First World War, operating as an escort to other warships and in anti-submarine patrols alongside other destroyers. The vessel was sold to be broken up on 13 July 1926.
HMS Taurus was an R-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during World War I. Ordered from Thornycroft in 1915 and launched in 1917, the vessel operated as part of the Harwich Force until the end of hostilities. Shortly after entering service, Taurus formed part of the destroyer shield for the Royal Navy's bombardment of Ostend that successfully sank the German destroyer S20. After the War, the destroyer was reduced to the Reserve Fleet and sold to be broken up in 1930.
HMS Rob Roy was a Royal Navy R-class destroyer constructed and then operational in the First World War. The ship served in the Grand Fleet as part of the Fifteenth Destroyer Flotilla.
HMS Retriever was a Thornycroft-built R-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. Launched in 1917, the vessel formed part of the Harwich Force and took part in operations off the coast of Ostend in support of the bombardment of the town in June that year. During August the following year, the vessel attempted to deploy a seaplane from a towed lighter, but a lack of wind meant the operation was unsuccessful. The vessel was also jointly credited with the destruction of the submarine SM UB-54 that year, although this has been disputed. After the war, the ship was placed in reserve and was sold to be broken up in 1927.
HMS TB 11 was a Cricket-class coastal destroyer or torpedo-boat of the British Royal Navy. TB 11 was built by the shipbuilder Yarrow from 1905 to 1907. She was used for local patrol duties in the First World War and was sunk by a German mine in the North Sea on 7 March 1916.
HMS TB 9 was a Cricket-class coastal destroyer or torpedo-boat of the British Royal Navy. TB 9 was built by the shipbuilder Thornycroft from 1905 to 1907. She was used for local patrol duties in the First World War and was sunk following a collision in the North Sea on 26 July 1916.
HMS Tirade was a Modified Admiralty R-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during World War I. The Modified R class added attributes of the Yarrow Later M class to improve the capability of the ships to operate in bad weather. Launched in April 1917 by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, the vessel served with the Grand Fleet. The vessel was involved in escorting convoys in the Irish Sea and North Sea. During one of these duties, in September 1917, Tirade sank the minelaying submarine UC-55. During the following month, the destroyer accidentally struck and sank the M-class destroyer Marmion. After the war the destroyer was placed in reserve and then, in November 1921, was sold to be broken up.
HMS Rapid was a destroyer of the M class that served with the Royal Navy during First World War. Launched by Thornycroft in 1916, the vessel was the one of two similar ships ordered as part of the Fifth War Construction Programme. They differed from the remainder of the M class in having more powerful engines. The design was used as the basis for the subsequent five ships of the R-class also built by the yard. Rapid served in escort and patrol roles, principally providing defence from submarines as part of the Grand Fleet until it was disbanded at the end of the War. After the end of hostilities, the vessel served in minor roles, including briefly as part of the Admiralty Compass Department in 1921 and 1924, but was sold to be scrapped in 1927.
HMS Ready was a destroyer of the M class that served with the Royal Navy during First World War. Launched by Thornycroft in 1916, the vessel was the one of two similar ships ordered as part of the Fifth War Construction Programme. They differed from the remainder of the M class in having more powerful engines. The design was used as the basis for the subsequent five ships of the R-class also built by the yard. Ready operated within the Grand Fleet until it was disbanded at the end of the war. The vessel was credited with helping to sink a German Q-ship in 1917. After the war, the destroyer was initially transferred to HMNB Portsmouth, but was retired and sold to be broken up in 1926 after almost a decade of service as part of a preparation for a fleet of new destroyers.