Harrisburg (originally Harrisburgh, shortened to Harrisburg in 1892) is a community now located within the city of Houston, Texas.
The community is located east of downtown Houston, south of the Brays Bayou and Buffalo Bayou junction, and west of Brady's Island. It was founded before 1825 on the eastern stretches of the Buffalo Bayou in present-day Harris County, Texas, on land belonging to John Richardson Harris. In 1926, Harrisburg was annexed into the city of Houston. The original name of Harris County was Harrisburg (Harrisburgh) County until it was shortened after the demise of the City of Harrisburg. Historical markers at the John Richardson Harris site tell of General Santa Anna's razing the town as he chased Sam Houston and his retreating army just before they reached Lynch's ferry.
Harrisburg was named Harrisburg by its founder, John Richardson Harris. Harris named the town both after himself and after Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, which had been named for his great-grandfather. Harris hired Frank Johnson to survey a town site there in 1826. [1] Harrisburg was located at the mouth of Bray's Bayou at Buffalo Bayou. In 1829, Harris established a home and a trading post, where he also started building a steam mill, while in partnership with his brothers, David Harris and William P. Harris. John Richardson Harris traveled to New Orleans for parts needed to complete his machinery, but contracted yellow fever and died there. The two brothers continued to reside in and maintain the businesses in Harrisburg. [2]
John Richardson Harris was survived by a wife and children, who were residing in upstate New York at his death. His wife, Jane Birdsall Harris, immigrated to Mexican Texas in 1833 with De Witt Clinton Harris, her eldest son. Meanwhile, David and William Harris expanded their business in Harrisburg by bringing in two ships for the transport of goods in and out of the region. [3]
In 1835, the General Council of Texas, a provisional government of Texas, made Harrisburg its capital. On April 16, 1836, during the Texas Revolution, almost all of Harrisburg was burned by the forces of Antonio López de Santa Anna. [1]
In the summer of 1836, John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen sought town sites in the Galveston Bay region. After making a small investment in Galveston, they failed in a bid for the property at Morgan's Point, Texas, near the mouth of Buffalo Bayou. Next the Allen brothers traveled several miles upstream to Harrisburg, where they negotiated an agreement for Jane Birdsall Harris to sell the town site. But there was a dispute about who owned Harrisburg, and Harris could not produce a clear title at that time. So the Allen brothers abandoned their plan for Harrisburg. [4] [5] [ failed verification ]
The Republic of Texas passed a statute of incorporation for Harrisburg on June 5, 1837. Later, some Boston investors formed the Harrisburg Town Company, while annexing the town of Hamilton in 1839, when the population of Harrisburg increased to about 1,400. [1]
In 1840, Andrew Briscoe established the Harrisburg and Brazos Rail Road, and contracted with Maurice Birdsall to provide cut wood along the proposed rail corridor, in and near Harrisburg. Briscoe also placed an advertisement to hire sixty enslaved men as railroad construction laborers. The Republic of Texas granted a charter for this company on January 9, 1841. No more than a few miles of road bed were graded by this company. [6]
After construction of the Harrisburg and Brazos Rail Road and development of Harrisburg stalled for several years, in 1847, the Harrisburg Town Company sold all its unsold real estate to Sidney Sherman, who led a group of investors from Boston to promote the town. Harrisburg real estate was leveraged for a new plan to build a railroad with an eastern terminus at a peninsula at the mouth of Braes Bayou. This investment group organized the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado Railway (B.B.B. & C.), and secured a charter from the State of Texas on February 11, 1850. Sherman was the founding partner, but also succeeded in recruiting investors from Houston, including William Marsh Rice, William J. Hutchins, and Benjamin A. Shepherd. The B. B. B. & C. hired John Williams to survey the route. [7]
Williams completed his survey of the B.B.B. & C. route between Harrisburg and the Brazos River in 1851. [8] It began operations on January 1, 1853. Harrisburg was the starting point of the line, the first functioning railroad line in the state. [9]
After the Civil War, the railroad expanded and changed its name to the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway. Harrisburg remained an important rail town until a fire in the 1870s destroyed the rail yards, which were rebuilt in Houston.
The population of Harrisburg dwindled with the loss of the railroads and with the widening of the Houston Ship Channel in 1919. In December 1926, the City of Houston annexed Harrisburg. The 1926 annexation of the Harrisburg area added 1,293 acres (523 ha) of land to the city limits. [1] [10]
Harrisburg is in Houston City Council District I. This district also includes the Port of Houston, East Downtown, and Clinton Park. [11]
The United States Postal Service operates the Harrisburg Post Office at 8330 Manchester Street. [12] In July 2011, the USPS announced that the post office may close. [13]
The Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Hospital District) designated the Ripley Health Center for the ZIP code 77012. [14] In 2000, Ripley was replaced by the Gulfgate Health Center. [15] The designated public hospital is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center. [14]
In the city of Houston-defined Harrisburg/Manchester Super Neighborhood, which also includes Manchester, there were 2,926 residents in 2015. 82% were Hispanics, 14% were non-Hispanic blacks, and 3% were non-Hispanic whites. The percentages of non-Hispanic Asians and others were both zero. In 2000, the super neighborhood had 3,768 residents. 88% were Hispanics, 6% were non-Hispanic blacks, and 5% were non-Hispanic whites. The percentages of non-Hispanic Asians and others were both zero. [16]
Harrisburg is served by the Houston Independent School District. [16]
Many area residences are zoned to J. R. Harris Elementary School, including everything east of Broadway and some areas west of it, generally north and/or on Elm. [17] Some are zoned to Dávila Elementary School. [18] Residences are zoned to Deady Middle School, [19] [20] and Milby High School. [21]
The area was previously in the Harrisburg Independent School District. [22] J. R. Harris opened as Harrisburg School in 1895. [23] A school for black students, also called Harrisburg School, opened in 1904. In 1952, that school for black students moved into a new building and was renamed "Kay Elementary School", after its first principal, who had been Savannah Georgia Kay. Kay Elementary School closed in 1978. Students at Chávez High School use the former Kay Elementary School as a "land lab". [22]
Harrisburg is served by the Stanaker Branch of Houston Public Library.
Deer Park is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The city is located in Harris County and is situated in Southeast Harris County. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Deer Park was 34,495.
Hunters Creek Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, part of the Greater Houston metropolitan area. The population was 4,385 at the 2020 census. It is part of a collection of upscale residential communities in west Houston known as the Memorial Villages.
Piney Point Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,128 at the 2020 census. Piney Point Village is the wealthiest place in Texas, as ranked by per capita income. It is part of a collection of upscale residential communities in west Houston known as the Memorial Villages.
Webster is a city in the U.S. state of Texas located in Harris County, within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. Its population was 12,499 at the 2020 U.S. census.
Missouri City is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. The city is mostly in Fort Bend County, with a small portion in Harris County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 74,259, an increase over the figure of 67,358 tabulated in 2010.
River Oaks is a residential community located in the center of Houston, Texas, United States. Located within the 610 Loop and between Downtown and Uptown, the community spans 1,100 acres (450 ha). Established in the 1920s by brothers Will Hogg and Michael Hogg, the community became a well-publicized national model for community planning. Real estate values in the community range from $1 million to over $20 million. River Oaks was also named the most expensive neighborhood in Houston in 2013. The community is home to River Oaks Country Club, which includes a golf course designed by architect Donald Ross and redesigned in 2015 by Tom Fazio.
Andrew Briscoe was a merchant, revolutionary, soldier, and jurist. He was an organizer of the Texas Revolution, attending the Convention of 1836 and signing the Texas Declaration of Independence. He fought in three major battles, including the victory at San Jacinto. He was the first Chief Justice of Harrisburg County, Texas.
The Fifth Ward is a community of Houston, Texas, United States, derived from a historical political district (ward), about 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Downtown. Its boundaries are Buffalo Bayou on the south, Little White Oak Bayou on the west, Collingsworth Rd on the north, and Lockwood Drive on the east.
The Memorial area of Houston, Texas is located west of Downtown, northwest of Uptown, and south of Spring Branch. The Memorial Super Neighborhood, as defined by the City of Houston, is bounded by Buffalo Bayou to the south, Barker Reservoir to the west, Westview to the north, and the Memorial Villages, a contiguous group of independent municipalities, to the east.
Second Ward is a historical political district ward in the East End community in Houston, Texas. It was one of the four original wards of the city in the nineteenth century. The community known as the Second Ward today is roughly bounded by Buffalo Bayou to the north, Lockwood Avenue to the east, and railroad tracks to the south and west, although the City of Houston's "Super Neighborhood" program includes a section east of Lockwood.
Afton Oaks is a deed-restricted "Inner Loop" upscale residential community of approximately 525 homes in Houston, Texas, United States. Afton Oaks is located inside Interstate 610 near the Galleria and Highland Village. The neighborhood is bounded on the north by Westheimer Road, on the east by Union Pacific railroad tracks, on the south by Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59, and on the west by Interstate 610.
The Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado Railway, also called the Harrisburg Road or Harrisburg Railroad, was the first operating railroad in Texas. It completed its first segment of track between Harrisburg, Texas and Stafford's Point, Texas in 1853. The company established a western terminus at Alleyton, Texas prior to the Civil War. The railroad was sold after the war and reincorporated as the Galveston, Harrisburg, & San Antonio Railroad. This right of way was acquired by the Southern Pacific Railroad and is today a property of the Union Pacific Railroad.
Eastwood is a historic neighborhood in the East End area of Houston, Texas, United States. Eastwood maintains Houston’s largest intact collection of Craftsman, Arts & Crafts, Foursquare and Mission style architecture.
Pecan Park is a neighborhood in Houston, Texas.
Magnolia Park is an area of the East End, Houston, Texas, located near the Houston Ship Channel. One of the oldest Hispanic neighborhoods in the City of Houston, Magnolia Park was formerly incorporated as the City of Magnolia Park in eastern Harris County.
Near Northside is a historic neighborhood located in Northside, Houston, Texas. Near Northside is primarily occupied by people of Hispanic descent.
Manchester is a community in southeastern Houston, Texas, United States.
Houston/Trinity Gardens is an African-American neighborhood in Houston.
Birdsall Parmenas Briscoe was an American architect active in Texas, especially in Houston. He was known as "Birdsall Briscoe" or "Birdsall P. Briscoe". Several of his works have been listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places for their architecture.
John Richardson Harris was an American settler of Mexican Texas and the namesake of Harris County, Texas. He founded the town of Harrisburg, Texas, and Harris County, Texas is named in his honor.
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