Hermann Park

Last updated
Hermann Park
Sam Houston monument, Hermann Park.jpg
Sam Houston Monument at the northern end of Hermann Park
Hermann Park
Type Urban park
Location Museum District, Houston, Texas, United States
Coordinates 29°43′16″N95°23′28″W / 29.721°N 95.391°W / 29.721; -95.391
Area445 acres (180 ha)
Created1914
Designer George Kessler
Operated byHermann Park Conservancy
City of Houston
Visitors6 million [1]
Open6 am – 11 pm daily
Public transit access METRORail Red Line: Hermann Park / Rice University
Website www.hermannpark.org
Houston Hermann Park.png
Map of Hermann Park
A view of the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool and monument to Sam Houston. Hermann Park Texas.jpg
A view of the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool and monument to Sam Houston.
The Pioneer Memorial obelisk stands at the end of the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool. It was erected by the San Jacinto Centennial Association and dedicated on August 30, 1936. Pioneer Memorial Hermann Park.jpg
The Pioneer Memorial obelisk stands at the end of the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool. It was erected by the San Jacinto Centennial Association and dedicated on August 30, 1936.
Japanese garden pond in Hermann Park Hermann Park, Houston Texas.jpg
Japanese garden pond in Hermann Park

Hermann Park is a 445-acre (180-hectare) urban park in Houston, Texas, situated at the southern end of the Museum District. The park is located to the immediate north end of the MD Anderson Cancer Center at Texas Medical Center and Brays Bayou, east of Rice University, and slightly west of the Third Ward. Hermann Park is home to numerous cultural institutions including the Houston Zoo, Miller Outdoor Theatre, the Houston Museum of Natural Science, and the Hermann Park Golf Course, which became one of the first desegregated public golf courses in the United States in 1954. The park also features the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool, numerous gardens, picnic areas, and McGovern Lake, an 8-acre (32,000 m2) recreational lake. [2]

Contents

The opening of the Houston Zoo in 1922 [3] and the requisition of a large southern portion of the park for the establishment of the Texas Medical Center in 1943 [3] fundamentally altered the scope and configuration of the space, though significant elements of the Kessler plan—such as the north-south axis extending from Montrose Boulevard—remain and have been expanded upon. [4] Hermann Park experienced a period of neglect in the latter half of the 20th century due to a lack of funding and maintenance, spurring the formation of the nonprofit Hermann Park Conservancy in 1992. The Conservancy has since leveraged over $120 million of public and private funds to renovate and remake broad areas of the park. [1] Today, Hermann Park welcomes over six million visitors annually; [1] the Houston Zoo was the second most visited paid-admission zoo in the United States in 2016 (behind San Diego Zoo), with over 2.5 million visitors. [5]

Hermann Park is served by the Hermann Park / Rice University station on the METRORail Red Line, which runs along Fannin Street at the western edge of the park.

The Third Ward Redevelopment Council defines Hermann Park as being part of the Third Ward. T. R. Witcher of the Houston Press wrote in 1995 that the park and nearby areas are "not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward,"[...]". [6]

History

Initial land acquisition

One of Houston's oldest public parks, Hermann Park was created on acreage donated to the City of Houston by cattleman, oilman and philanthropist George H. Hermann (1843–1914). The land was formerly the site of his sawmill. [7] It was first envisioned as part of a comprehensive urban planning effort by the city of Houston in the early 1910s. [4] Following the recommendation of a 1913 report which identified the then-rural area between Main Street and Brays Bayou as ideal for a large urban park, real estate investor and entrepreneur George H. Hermann, who owned most of the area and served on the city's parks board, bequeathed his estate to Houston for use as a public green space in 1914. [4] [8]

The Kessler Plan

In 1914, Joseph Stephen Cullinan proposed to the Houston park commissioners and Mayor Ben Campbell to hire George E. Kessler to plan Hermann Park. Kessler was already developing public plans for the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth, and the city opted to contract with Kessler, despite the previous work by John Maxcy and Arthur Comey. Two years later, Cullinan purchased a 38-acre wedge of land from the Hermann Estate for his planned gated enclave, Shadyside. He commissioned Kessler to lay out the subdivision. Cullinan chose the site for Shadyside knowing that it would be adjacent to the large swath of land dedicated to the development of public amenities, including Hermann Park. Not only would Kessler ensure that similar aesthetic choices would be implemented at Shadyside and Hermann Park, this coordination prevented commercial development from encroaching on the common sides of the properties. [9]

As with the neighboring development of Shadyside, Kessler devised his plan for Hermann Park with knowledge of other adjacent land tracts dedicated to public use. The Rice University, opened in 1912, lay to the west of the Hermann Park tract. The 295-acre campus was then implementing its own master architectural and landscaping plan developed by Cram Goodhue & Ferguson. To the northwest, adjacent to Shady Acres, was entrusted by George Hermann in 1913 to the Houston Art League, which started planning for an art museum there after 1917. [10]

By 1916, famed landscape architect George Kessler had completed a master plan for the park which was gradually implemented throughout the following decades. [4] Ultimately, Hermann Park and Rice University are two clear expressions of the City Beautiful movement in Houston.

Hare & Hare Plan

Mid-century development

The Olin Plan

In 1993, FHP commissioned a master plan for Hermann Park from Hanna/Olin Partnership of Philadelphia. This Master Plan, created in consultation with the City of Houston and various stakeholders, was adopted in 1997 by Houston City Council. In 1995, Friends of Hermann Park adopted a master plan for Hermann Park that has provided a “blueprint” for all subsequent renovations and enhancements to the Park. In 2004, Friends of Hermann Park changed its name to the Hermann Park Conservancy (HPC) to reflect an institutional and permanent commitment to stewardship of Hermann Park’s natural resources and physical infrastructure.

In an international competition, the Rice Design Alliance invited designers to set the tone and revitalize the main entry and reflecting pool that formed a key axis for Hermann Park, “The Heart of the Park”, and to create a contemporary update to the park's earliest plans by George Kessler and a subsequent, more formal Hare & Hare plan in 1936. SWA Group, an international landscape and urban design firm working in conjunction with W.O. Neuhaus Architects and other consultants, was selected over 100 respondents. The most striking of the changes to the 18-acre (7.3 ha) project area was a narrower, more inviting 80-foot-wide (24 m) by 740-foot-long (230 m) reflection pool. It establishes the formal central axis for the space and its slight narrower design afforded elegant pedestrian promenades as well as a double-row of mature Live Oak trees – one row that had been planted in the 1920s to honor veterans of WW I, and a second row that was added as part of the project.

The Hermann Park Conservancy

Hermann Park was presented to the City of Houston by George Hermann in 1914, and is now Houston's most historically significant public green space. Over the years, the Houston Zoo, Miller Outdoor Theatre, the Houston Museum of Natural Science, and one of the first desegregated public golf courses in the United States all have added to the Park's importance as a recreational destination.

By the late 1980s however, due to insufficient public resources and very high public attendance, the park became rundown and entered a state of disrepair. In response, a group of committed and visionary Houstonians formed the nonprofit organization known as the Friends of Hermann Park (FHP) to encourage the development of more attractive, usable green space in Hermann Park and to promote the restoration of the Park to its originally intended standards of beauty.

Noted in a winning entry for the 2005 National Award of Excellence from the American Society of Landscape Architects, the “Heart of the Park” reflecting pool utilized a biofiltration system of gravel beds and perforated pipes to trap organics so that they naturally decompose. Porous paving systems and decomposed granite also limit potential damage from increased water run-off from the site.

Ongoing projects

Sam Houston Monument with Warwick Towers in the background Hermannpark2.JPG
Sam Houston Monument with Warwick Towers in the background
Hermann Park Golf Course HermannParkGolfCourse.JPG
Hermann Park Golf Course

The Hermann Park Conservancy continues working in partnership with the City of Houston to secure funds and manage the design of projects to be undertaken in the Park:

The Conservancy also developed a Maintenance and Operations Master Plan Study for Hermann Park - the first such comprehensive study ever for this flagship park of Houston. The study identified many concerns for preserving and protecting Hermann Park, including a gap of 20,000 maintenance hours for the Park. In response, the Conservancy hired a Manager of Volunteer Programs. In 2004 over 1,200 volunteers provided over 14,000 hours of volunteer service in the park.

Attractions

Mecom Fountain at night Mecom fountain at night.jpg
Mecom Fountain at night
Houston Garden Center HoustonGardenCenterHosutonTX.JPG
Houston Garden Center
Japanese Garden HermannParkJapaneseGardenHoustonTX.JPG
Japanese Garden
Marvin Taylor Trail MarvinTaylorTrailHoustonTX.JPG
Marvin Taylor Trail

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Texas Medical Center</span> Neighborhood in Harris County, Texas, United States

The Texas Medical Center (TMC) is a neighborhood in south-central Houston, Texas, United States. It is immediately south of the Museum District and west of Texas State Highway 288.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Houston</span>

The city of Houston in the U.S. state of Texas was founded in 1837 after Augustus and John Allen had acquired land to establish a new town at the junction of Buffalo and White Oak bayous in 1836. Houston served as the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas. Meanwhile, the town developed as a regional transportation and commercial hub. Houston was part of an independent nation until 1846 when the United States formally annexed Texas. Railroad development began in the late 1850s but ceased during the American Civil War. Houston served the Confederacy as a regional military logistics center. The population increased during the war and blockade runners used the town as a center for their operations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Downtown Houston</span> Neighborhood in Harris County, Texas, United States

Downtown is the largest central business district in the city of Houston and the largest in the state of Texas, located near the geographic center of the metropolitan area at the confluence of Interstate 10, Interstate 45, and Interstate 69. The 1.84-square-mile (4.8 km2) district, enclosed by the aforementioned highways, contains the original townsite of Houston at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou, a point known as Allen's Landing. Downtown has been the city's preeminent commercial district since its founding in 1836.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Houston Museum District</span> Area centred on museums in Houston, Texas

The Houston Museum District is an association of 21 museums, cultural centers and community organizations located in Houston, Texas, dedicated to promoting art, science, history, and culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meyerland, Houston</span> Community in Houston, Texas

Meyerland is a community in southwest Houston, Texas, outside of the 610 Loop and inside Beltway 8. The neighborhood is named after the Meyer family, who bought and owned 6,000 acres (24 km2) of land in southwest Houston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Memorial Park, Houston</span> Park in Houston, Texas, US

Memorial Park, a municipal park in Houston, Texas, is one of the largest urban parks in the United States. Opened 101 years ago in 1924, the park covers approximately 1,466 acres (5.9 km2) mostly inside the 610 Loop, across from the neighborhood of Memorial. Memorial Drive runs through the park, heading east to downtown Houston and west to the 610 Loop. A small portion of land west of the 610 Loop bordered by Woodway Drive and Buffalo Bayou is also part of the park. I-10/U.S. 90 borders the park to the north. The park was originally designed by landscape architects Hare & Hare of Kansas City, Missouri. In 2016, the operation of the park was transitioned from the Houston Parks and Recreation Department to the Memorial Park Conservancy, a private non-profit organization with a mission to "restore, preserve and enhance Memorial Park."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Overton Park</span> United States historic place

Overton Park is a large, 342-acre (138 ha) public park in Midtown Memphis, Tennessee. The park grounds contain the Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis Zoo, a 9-hole golf course, the Memphis College of Art, Rainbow Lake, Veterans Plaza, the Greensward, and other features. The Old Forest Arboretum of Overton Park, one of the few remaining old growth forests in Tennessee, is a natural arboretum with labeled trees along trails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Houston</span>

Houston, the most populous city in the Southern United States, is located along the upper Texas Gulf Coast, approximately 50 miles (80 km) northwest of the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston. The city, which is the ninth-largest in the United States by area, covers 601.7 square miles (1,558 km2), of which 579.4 square miles (1,501 km2), or 96.3%, is land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2), or 3.7%, is water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph S. Cullinan</span> American oil executive (1860–1937)

Joseph Stephen Cullinan was a U.S. oil industrialist. Although he was a native of Pennsylvania, his lifetime business endeavors would help shape the early phase of the oil industry in Texas. He founded The Texas Company, which would eventually be known as Texaco Incorporated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Discovery Green</span> Park in Houston, Texas

Discovery Green is an 11.78-acre (47,700 m2) public urban park in Downtown Houston, Texas, bounded by La Branch Street to the west, McKinney Street to the north, Avenida de las Americas to the east, and Lamar Street to the south. The park is adjacent to the George R. Brown Convention Center and Avenida Houston entertainment district. Discovery Green features a lake, bandstands and venues for public performances, two dog runs, a playground, and multiple recreational lawns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Idylwood, Houston</span>

Idylwood is a historic neighborhood in the southeastern part of the I-610 loop in Houston, Texas. Idylwood, as of 2021, is the most expensive neighborhood in the East End. As of that year its houses were priced between $295,000 and $679,900. It currently has approximately 340 homes. Bill England, a redeveloper in the East End area, stated in 2004 that Idylwood appealed to buyers who are priced out of houses located in the cities of Bellaire and West University Place.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MacGregor Park</span> Park in Houston, Texas, US

MacGregor Park-Neagle Field is a park and baseball venue in the Third Ward, Houston, Texas, and the home field of the Texas Southern Tigers baseball team. The Tigers are a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Civic Center, Houston</span> City Beautiful corridor in Houston, Texas

Civic Center is a corridor in the west part of Downtown Houston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shadyside, Houston</span>

Shadyside is a private, walled subdivision of 16 houses in Houston, Texas. In 2012 Terrence McCoy of the Houston Press said that Shadyside has a "sense of exclusivity, or as Heritage Texas Properties puts it, 'mystique,'" which caused many prominent figures from Houston to settle in Shadyside and continue doing so for a period of almost 100 years.

<i>Sam Houston Monument</i> Equestrian statue by Enrico Cerracchio in Houston, Texas, U.S.

The Sam Houston Monument is an outdoor bronze sculpture of Sam Houston by Enrico Cerracchio, installed at the northwest corner of Houston's Hermann Park, in the U.S. state of Texas. The work is administered by the City of Houston's Municipal Arts Commission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McGovern Centennial Gardens</span> Sculpture garden in Houston, Texas, US

McGovern Centennial Gardens is a collection of gardens in Hermann Park, in Houston, Texas, United States.

<i>Houstons Hermann Park</i>

Houston's Hermann Park: A Century of Community is a 2014 book by Barrie Scardino Bradley, published by the Texas A&M University Press. It discusses Hermann Park in Houston, Texas. The book is a part of the John Lindsey Series in Arts and the Humanities. The book, commissioned by the Hermann Park Conservancy, was scheduled for a release on December 18, 2013. Stephen Fox, an architectural historian; and Doreen Stoller, a conservancy director, wrote the foreword and afterword, respectively. It was released to celebrate the park's centennial anniversary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emancipation Park (Houston)</span> Park in Houston, Texas

Emancipation Park and Emancipation Community Center are located at 3018 Emancipation Ave in the Third Ward area of Houston. It is the oldest park in Houston, and the oldest in Texas. In portions of the Jim Crow period it was the sole public park in the area available to African-Americans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brays Bayou</span> River in Texas, United States

Brays Bayou is a slow-moving river in Harris County, Texas. A major tributary of Buffalo Bayou, the Brays flows for 31 miles (50 km) from the western edge of the county, south of Barker Reservoir along the border with Fort Bend County, east to its convergence with the Buffalo at Harrisburg. Nearly all of the river is located within the city of Houston; it is a defining geographic feature of many neighborhoods and districts, including Meyerland, Braeswood Place, the Texas Medical Center, and Riverside Terrace.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Press Kit". Hermann Park Conservancy. 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  2. "McGovern Lake". Hermann Park Conservancy. 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  3. 1 2 Bradley, Barrie Scardino (2014). Houston's Hermann Park: A Century of Community. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN   9781623490362.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Fox, Stephen (Spring 1983). "Big Park, Little Plans: A History of Hermann Park" (PDF). Cite Magazine. 3: 18–21. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  5. Draper, Ryan (January 17, 2017). "Record Zoo Attendance for Ninth Consecutive Year". Houstonia. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  6. Witcher, T.R. (1995-07-20). "Third Ward Rising". Houston Press . Archived from the original on 2015-02-17. Retrieved 2020-03-18. To the southwest, across Highway 288, lie [...] the towers of the Texas Medical Center, Houston's largest employment center -- not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward," but which the redevelopment council includes as part of the community.
  7. Muir, Andrew F. (February 15, 2017). "Hermann, George Henry". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  8. Swartz, Mimi (September 17, 2015). "Green Acres". Texas Monthly. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  9. Bradley (2014), pp. 29–30.
  10. Bradley (2014), pp. 30–31.
  11. Railway Magazine November 1958 p. 804
  12. History of Department p1 Archived June 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  13. "Hermann Park train moves to new home" (). KHOU-TV . Friday August 26, 2005. Retrieved on December 23, 2015.
  14. JCI Houston - Southern Pacific 982
  15. Golf Houston, Texas - Hermann Park Golf Course - Downtown Houston Golf Course & Banquet Facility. Hermannparkgc.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-06.
  16. 1 2 Hermann Park Conservancy. Hermannpark.org. Retrieved on 2018-02-20.
  17. Houston Garden Center. Houstontx.gov (2013-08-01). Retrieved on 2013-09-06.

Bibliography

Further reading