Hemoglobin subunit zeta

HBZ
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1JEB, 3W4U
Identifiers
Aliases	HBZ , HBZ-T1, HBZ1, hemoglobin subunit zeta, HBAZ
External IDs	OMIM: 142310 MGI: 96019 HomoloGene: 110705 GeneCards: HBZ
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	154,503 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	32,228,116 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	blood; ; ganglionic eminence; ; bone marrow; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; amygdala; ; placenta; ; monocyte; ; nucleus accumbens; ; hippocampus proper; ; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	yolk sac; ; abdominal wall; ; maxillary prominence; ; internal carotid artery; ; external carotid artery; ; hand; ; somite; ; endocardial cushion; ; medial ganglionic eminence; ; atrium;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	iron ion binding ; oxygen binding ; protein binding ; heme binding ; metal ion binding ; oxygen carrier activity ; peroxidase activity ; haptoglobin binding ; organic acid binding ;
Cellular component	hemoglobin complex ; extracellular exosome ; haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex ;
Biological process	oxygen transport ; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ; erythrocyte maturation ; transport ; hydrogen peroxide catabolic process ; protein heterooligomerization ; cellular oxidant detoxification ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3050
	15126
	ENSG00000130656
	ENSMUSG00000055609
	P02008
	P06467
	NM_005332
	NM_010405
	NP_005323
	NP_034535
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated October 29, 2022

Hemoglobin subunit zeta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBZ gene.^[5]^[6]

Zeta-globin is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced throughout fetal and adult life. The zeta-globin gene is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that includes five functional genes and two pseudogenes. The order of genes is: 5' - zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta1 - 3'.^[6]

Related Research Articles

The globins are a superfamily of heme-containing globular proteins, involved in binding and/or transporting oxygen. These proteins all incorporate the globin fold, a series of eight alpha helical segments. Two prominent members include myoglobin and hemoglobin. Both of these proteins reversibly bind oxygen via a heme prosthetic group. They are widely distributed in many organisms.

The human β-globin locus is composed of five genes located on a short region of chromosome 11, responsible for the creation of the beta parts of the oxygen transport protein Haemoglobin. This locus contains not only the beta globin gene but also delta, gamma-A, gamma-G, and epsilon globin. Expression of all of these genes is controlled by single locus control region (LCR), and the genes are differentially expressed throughout development.

Hemoglobin subunit beta is a globin protein, coded for by the HBB gene, which along with alpha globin (HBA), makes up the most common form of haemoglobin in adult humans, hemoglobin A (HbA). It is 147 amino acids long and has a molecular weight of 15,867 Da. Normal adult human HbA is a heterotetramer consisting of two alpha chains and two beta chains.

Hemoglobin subunit alpha, Hemoglobin, alpha 1, is a hemoglobin protein that in humans is encoded by the HBA1 gene.

Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBG2 gene.

Hemoglobin subunit delta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBD gene.

Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBG1 gene.

Testicular receptor 4 also known as NR2C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2C2 gene.

Hemoglobin subunit epsilon is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBE1 gene.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta also known as phosphacan is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRZ1 gene.

Alpha-globin transcription factor CP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFCP2 gene.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK1 gene.

Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERAF gene.

Olfactory receptor 51M1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR51M1 gene.

Olfactory receptor 51I1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR51I1 gene.

Hemoglobin, alpha pseudogene 1, also known as HBAP1, is a human gene.

Hemoglobin subunit theta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBQ1 gene.

Hemoglobin, alpha 2 also known as HBA2 is a gene that in humans codes for the alpha globin chain of hemoglobin.

Mu hemoglobin is a predicted protein encoded in the HBM gene. The mRNA is expressed at moderate levels, but the protein has not been detected by mass spectrometry. The order of genes is: 5' - zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta1 - 3'.

Nitrogen permease regulator-like 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPRL3 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130656 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000055609 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Higgs DR, Vickers MA, Wilkie AO, Pretorius IM, Jarman AP, Weatherall DJ (April 1989). "A review of the molecular genetics of the human alpha-globin gene cluster". Blood. 73 (5): 1081–104. doi: 10.1182/blood.V73.5.1081.1081 . PMID 2649166.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: HBZ hemoglobin, zeta".

Giardina B, Messana I, Scatena R, Castagnola M (1995). "The multiple functions of hemoglobin". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 30 (3): 165–96. doi:10.3109/10409239509085142. PMID 7555018.
Proudfoot NJ, Brownlee GG (September 1976). "3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA". Nature. 263 (5574): 211–4. Bibcode:1976Natur.263..211P. doi:10.1038/263211a0. PMID 822353. S2CID 4211839.
Fougerousse F, Meloni R, Roudaut C, Beckmann JS (March 1992). "Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human hemoglobin alpha-1 pseudo-gene (HBAP1)". Nucleic Acids Research. 20 (5): 1165. doi:10.1093/nar/20.5.1165. PMC 312136 . PMID 1549498.
Hess J, Perez-Stable C, Wu GJ, Weir B, Tinoco I, Shen CK (July 1985). "End-to-end transcription of an Alu family repeat. A new type of polymerase-III-dependent terminator and its evolutionary implication". Journal of Molecular Biology. 184 (1): 7–21. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(85)90039-7. PMID 2411938.
Marotta CA, Forget BG, Weissman SM, Verma IM, McCaffrey RP, Baltimore D (June 1974). "Nucleotide sequences of human globin messenger RNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (6): 2300–4. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.2300M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.6.2300 . PMC 388440 . PMID 4135409.
Perez-Stable C, Ayres TM, Shen CK (September 1984). "Distinctive sequence organization and functional programming of an Alu repeat promoter". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 81 (17): 5291–5. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.5291P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.17.5291 . PMC 391689 . PMID 6089189.
Clegg JB, Gagnon J (October 1981). "Structure of the zeta chain of human embryonic hemoglobin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 78 (10): 6076–80. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78.6076C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6076 . PMC 348980 . PMID 6171809.
Aschauer H, Schäfer W, Sanguansermsri T, Braunitzer G (December 1981). "[Human embryonic haemoglobins. Ac-Ser-Leu-Thr-is the N-terminal sequence of the zeta-chains (author's transl)]". Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie. 362 (12): 1657–9. PMID 6172357.
Aschauer H, Sanguansermsri T, Braunitzer G (August 1981). "[Human embryonic haemoglobins. The primary structure of the zeta chains (author's transl)]". Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie. 362 (8): 1159–62. PMID 6179844.
Proudfoot NJ, Gil A, Maniatis T (December 1982). "The structure of the human zeta-globin gene and a closely linked, nearly identical pseudogene". Cell. 31 (3 Pt 2): 553–63. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90311-7. PMID 6297773. S2CID 36907055.
Goodbourn SE, Higgs DR, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ (August 1983). "Molecular basis of length polymorphism in the human zeta-globin gene complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (16): 5022–6. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80.5022G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.16.5022 . PMC 384180 . PMID 6308667.
Cohen-Solal MM, Authier B, deRiel JK, Murnane MJ, Forget BG (1983). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of human embryonic zeta-globin cDNA". DNA. 1 (4): 355–63. doi:10.1089/dna.1982.1.355. PMID 6963223.
Orkin SH, Michelson A (July 1980). "Partial deletion of the alpha-globin structural gene in human alpha-thalassaemia". Nature. 286 (5772): 538–40. Bibcode:1980Natur.286..538O. doi:10.1038/286538a0. PMID 7402334. S2CID 4251647.
Flint J, Thomas K, Micklem G, Raynham H, Clark K, Doggett NA, King A, Higgs DR (March 1997). "The relationship between chromosome structure and function at a human telomeric region". Nature Genetics. 15 (3): 252–7. doi:10.1038/ng0397-252. PMID 9054936. S2CID 20630444.
Luo HY, Liang XL, Frye C, Wonio M, Hankins GD, Chui DH, Alter BP (July 1999). "Embryonic hemoglobins are expressed in definitive cells". Blood. 94 (1): 359–61. doi:10.1182/blood.V94.1.359.413a29_359_361. PMID 10381533.
Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, Horsley SW, Clark K, Tufarelli C, Kearney L, Buckle VJ, Doggett NA, Flint J, Higgs DR (February 2001). "Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Human Molecular Genetics. 10 (4): 339–52. doi: 10.1093/hmg/10.4.339 . PMID 11157797.
Lau ET, Kwok YK, Chui DH, Wong HS, Luo HY, Tang MH (July 2001). "Embryonic and fetal globins are expressed in adult erythroid progenitor cells and in erythroid cell cultures". Prenatal Diagnosis. 21 (7): 529–39. doi:10.1002/pd.81. PMID 11494285. S2CID 11841129.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130656 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000055609 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid2649166-5] Higgs DR, Vickers MA, Wilkie AO, Pretorius IM, Jarman AP, Weatherall DJ (April 1989). "A review of the molecular genetics of the human alpha-globin gene cluster". Blood. 73 (5): 1081–104. doi: 10.1182/blood.V73.5.1081.1081 . PMID 2649166.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: HBZ hemoglobin, zeta".

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Hemoglobin subunit zeta

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading