Henan Airlines Flight 8387 was a domestic flight operated by Henan Airlines from Harbin to Yichun, China. On the night of 24 August 2010, the Embraer E190 operating the route crashed on approach to Yichun Lindu Airport in fog. Forty-four of the ninety-six people on board were killed.[1] It was the first hull loss and the first fatal accident involving the Embraer E190.
The final investigation report, released in June 2012, concluded that the flight crew failed to observe safety procedures for operations in low visibility.[2][3]
Airport and weather
Yichun Lindu Airport, in the Heilongjiang Province, has a runway 2.3km (1.4mi) long, 45m (148ft) wide, qualified to operate with single-aisle airliners like Airbus A320 and Boeing 737. The airport started operations on 26 August 2009, one year before the accident. On the day of the accident the airport had two flight controllers, both in good health and qualified. The final report also confirmed that all safety procedures had been performed correctly, that the airfield navigation and communications equipment was working correctly and that the runway was serviceable.[2]
The airport is located in a valley, with about 90% relative humidity, especially in the afternoon, from 17:00 until 21:00. The rapid temperature drop with little wind provide the conditions for a fog formation known as radiation fog, characterised by a thick and low fog that significantly impacts operations. In September 2009, one month after the start of operations at Yichun airport, China Southern Airlines decided not to operate at night at that airport due to concerns with the safety of operations.[4]
On the night of the accident, the airport's meteorological observatory issued bulletins stating the visibility conditions. At 19:00, the visibility was 1.0km (0.62mi), by 21:00 it was 8.0km (5.0mi). At 21:08 the airport issued a special bulletin reporting that visibility was reduced to 2.8km (1.7mi) and decreasing rapidly.[2]
Flight 8387 departed Harbin Airport at 20:51; at 21:10 the aircraft obtained the weather report from Yichun Airport and they were told the visibility was 2,800m (9,200ft).[2] At 21:16 the crew were alerted to dense fog at the airport and within the next ten minutes they confirmed a decision height of 440m (1,440ft) for a VOR/DME approach to Runway 30. At 21:28:19 the airport controller told the Flight 8387 that although the vertical visibility was okay, the horizontal visibility was low. At 21:28:38 the aircraft overflew the airport and was seen by the airport controller. At 21:33 they completed a procedural turn for the approach; at 21:36 the autopilot was disengaged. At 21:37 the aircraft had descended to the 440m (1,440ft) decision height but the pilot could not see the runway. At 21:38 the aural height warning started; although the crew could not see the runway and had passed the decision height they did not execute a missed approach, and the aircraft hit the ground.[2]
According to Yichun officials' preliminary observations, the aircraft broke apart while it was in the process of landing at around 21:36 local time (13:36 UTC), while the airport was enclosed with fog.[5] The aircraft touched down around 1.5km (0.9mi; 0.8nmi) short of the runway, then caught fire.[5][6] The wreckage of the fuselage came to a rest 700m (2,300ft) from the runway.[5] Some passengers escaped through gaps in the fuselage.[6][7]
Details surrounding the crash were unclear in the immediate aftermath; a local official reported that the aircraft broke in two as it was landing and that passengers were thrown from the aircraft, though some survivors said that it remained intact until it came to rest short of the runway.[8]
Subsequent investigations concluded that the first impact was with trees, 1,100m (3,600ft) from the runway threshold, at 21:38:08. Thereafter, the aircraft hit the ground with its main landing gear, 1,080m (3,540ft) from the landing runway threshold, running on the ground a distance of 870m (2,850ft), until the engines hit the ground. This impact ruptured the wing fuel tanks, spilling fuel and causing the fire. The survivors left the aircraft by the door behind the cockpit and through openings in the fuselage. Emergency exits could not be opened, and a large amount of smoke accumulated in the cabin. The pilot, who survived the accident, could not organize nor conduct the passengers' evacuation.[2]
Aircraft and crew
The aircraft involved was an Embraer E190 LR, a twin-engined jet airliner registered in China as B-3130. It was built in Brazil in 2008, with the manufacturer's serial number 19000223, and delivered to the airline in December 2008. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had flown 5,109 hours and completed 4,712 flight cycles.[9]
The captain was 40-year-old Qi Quanjun and the first officer was 27-year-old Zhu Jianzhou. The final report did not state the flight crew's experience.[2][5]
Casualties
The aircraft was in a two-class configuration with six business seats and 92 economy seats but at the time of accident had only 91 passengers.[2] In addition to the passengers, the aircraft had a crew of five (two flight crew, a purser, flight attendant and security officer), for a total of 96 on board.[2]
Initial reports suggested that 53 people survived the crash, while 43 were found dead at the scene; later reports corrected the death toll to 42 because the body of one victim was torn apart.[10][11][12] Most of the dead were seated in the rear of the aircraft.[10] Of the 54 survivors, 17 had only minor injuries but two were seriously burned and died in hospital.[2]
Many passengers were participants of a national conference on human resources and employment, including vice minister Sun Baoshu and other officials of the Chinese Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Two participants from Chengdu were among the fatalities.[13]
Captain Qi survived the accident, though he sustained heavy facial injuries.[14][15]
Nationalities of fatalities and survivors
Nationality
Fatalities
Survivors
Total
Passengers
Crew
Passengers
Crew
China
39
4
51
1
95
Taiwan
1
0
0
0
1
Total
40
4
51
1
96
Aftermath
Crews immediately began searching for survivors, although the efforts were hampered by the heavy fog.[10] This phase of the rescue operation lasted for around eight hours before personnel at the scene began clearing the wreckage the morning after the accident.[10]
Henan Airlines cancelled all flights in the days after the incident and fired the airline's general manager. Nationally, Chinese airlines performed increased safety checks in response to the crash.[16]
The Administration for Industry and Commerce of Henan Province announced days after the incident that it had rescinded the enterprise name registration of Henan Airlines, and demanded that the airline operator restore its original name of Kunpeng Airlines. The administration cited as reasons for its decision that the name Henan Airlines had caused public misunderstanding and greatly damaged the image of the province, which holds no stake in the airline operator.[17][18] This move was immediately met with media criticism, which questioned the validity of the administration's interference with Henan Airlines' rights to choice of name. It was also revealed that the province had offered favorable conditions to attract the airline operator to adopt its current name, and celebrated the renaming afterwards.[19]
On August 31, Henan Airlines announced that it would pay 960,000 yuan (around $140,000 USD) to the relatives of each person killed in the crash. The payment was required under PRC civil aviation law.[20]
Flight 8387 was the last fatal air accident in China until the crash of China Eastern Airlines Flight 5735 which crashed nearly 12 years later, killing all 132 passengers and crew.[21]
Early in the investigation, the focus of the investigation were the qualifications of the pilot, as it emerged that upwards of a hundred pilots flying for Shenzhen Airlines, Henan Airlines' parent company, had falsified their claims of flying experience.[24]
Investigators from the State Administration of Work Safety concluded that the captain, on his first flight into Yichun, switched off the autopilot and approached the runway covered by radiation fog despite the fact that a visibility of 2,800m (9,200ft) was below the minimum of 3,600m (11,800ft).[3][2] In addition, the crew descended below minimum descent altitude although visual contact with the runway had not been established.[2]
The crew also failed to initiate a missed approach when the radio altimeter callouts indicated that the airplane was near the ground and the communication and cooperation within the crew was insufficient, despite the known safety risks at that airport.[3][2]
On December 25, 2014, captain Qi was sentenced to three years in prison for his role in the accident. However Qi appealed the decision the next day; his lawyer stated that the sentence was "too harsh" and that Qi "was not the only person responsible for the crash."[25][26][27]
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "河南航空有限公司黑龙江伊春 Yichun "8·24" 特别重大飞机坠毁事故调查报告"[Henan Airlines Heilongjiang Yichun "8·24" Investigation report of a particularly serious aircraft crash]. CSAWS. June 29, 2012. Archived from the original on 5 April 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2014. Translated report (Note: this translation was made automatically from the original (in Chinese) and has low technical quality, lends itself only to specific queries)
1 2 "黑龙江伊春一载有96人客机失事 部分乘客难生还"[Fuselage broke when Yichun crashed landing]. NetEase. Xinhua News Agency. August 24, 2010. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2010. Translated article(Note: this translation was made automatically from the original (in Chinese) and has low technical quality, lends itself only to specific queries).
↑ "河南航空有限公司黑龙江伊春 Yichun "8·24" 特别重大飞机坠毁事故调查报告"[Henan Airlines Heilongjiang Yichun "8·24" Investigation report of a particularly serious aircraft crash]. CSAWS. June 29, 2012. Archived from the original on 5 April 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2014. E190机型B3130号飞机由巴西航空工业公司制造，2008年11月10日出厂，于2008年12月4日获得中国民用航空局（以下简称民航局）颁发的适航证。飞机客舱为公务舱和经济舱两舱布局，公务舱6个座位，经济舱92个座位。飞机安装了两台由美国通用电气公司制造的发动机。至事发当日，飞机总飞行时间5109.6小时，总飞行起落次数4712次. Translation: "The E190 model B3130 was manufactured by Embraer and left the factory on November 10, 2008. On December 4, 2008, it obtained the Airworthiness Certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Aviation Administration of China). The aircraft cabin is a two-class layout of business class and economy class, with 6 seats in business class and 92 seats in economy class. The aircraft was fitted with two engines manufactured by the American company General Electric. As of the day of the incident, the total flight time of the aircraft was 5,109.6 hours, and the total number of take-offs and landings was 4,712
↑ "伊春失事飞机已搜救出53人"[Yichun crash plane has searched and rescued 53 people]. NetEase. China News Service. August 25, 2010. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2014. Translated article(Note: this translation was made automatically from the original (in Chinese) and has low technical quality, lends itself only to specific queries).
↑ ""河南航空"撤销 "鲲鹏航空"恢复"["Henan Airlines" revocation "Kangpeng Airlines" recovery]. People's Daily Online. 2010-08-27. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-08-28. Translated articleArchived 2014-12-24 at the Wayback Machine (Note: this translation was made automatically from the original (in Chinese) and has low technical quality, lends itself only to specific queries).
↑ "河南航空岂能如此"被鲲鹏""[Henan Airlines can be so "being Peng Peng"]. Sina. Beijing Times. 2010-08-29. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2010-08-29. Translated articleArchived 2014-12-24 at the Wayback Machine (Note: this translation was made automatically from the original (in Chinese) and has low technical quality, lends itself only to specific queries).
↑ 伊春空难机长6月刑满 幸存者称对其恨不起来[Yichun air force captain was sentenced in June. Survivors said they could not hate it.]. news.sina.com.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2018-03-22. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
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