Hymenocaris

Last updated

Hymenocaris
Temporal range: Late Cambrian, Furongian
Hymenocaris (35504957175).jpg
Holotype (left) and paratype (right) specimens of Hymenocaris vermicaudata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Order:† Hymenostraca
Rolfe, 1969
Family:† Hymenocarididae
Haeckel, 1896
Genus:† Hymenocaris
Salter, 1853
Species:
†H. vermicauda
Binomial name
†Hymenocaris vermicauda
Salter, 1853

Hymenocaris is a genus of Cambrian marine arthropod. The type species, Hymenocaris vermicaudata is known from the Upper Cambrian (Furongian) Ffestiniog Formation, in North Wales, United Kingdom. [1]

Taxonomy

Hymenocaris and the type species, H. vermicaudata, were originally described in 1853 by John William Salter based on fossils found near Tremadog and Dolgellau in North Wales, [2] which are now attributed to the upper Cambrian (Furongian) Ffestiniog Formation. [1]

Reconstruction of Canadaspis perfecta, which was formerly attributed to Hymenocaris Canadaspis perfecta.png
Reconstruction of Canadaspis perfecta, which was formerly attributed to Hymenocaris

Hymenocaris perfecta, described by Charles Doolittle Walcott in 1912 from the mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada was later reassigned to the genus Canadaspis , with remains assigned to other alleged Hymenocaris species from the same deposit, such as Hymenocaris ovalis and Hymenocaris obliqua now considered synonyms of Canadaspis perfecta. [3] Hymenocaris salteri, originally named in 1861 based on fossils from Ordovician rocks in Victoria, Australia [4] is now considered a synonym of the phyllocarid species Caryocaris wrighti. [4] [5]

Differences between Hymenocaris and Canadaspis have been used to justify erecting a separate order, Hymenostraca for Hymenocaris. [3] In this publication, Hymenocaris proper was assigned to Phyllocarida. [6] Due to species of Canadaspis being historically described as members of Hymenocaris, the clade Hymenocarina has been used for the clade containing Canadaspis and its close relatives, but notably Hymenocaris proper is not considered a member of Hymenocarina. [7] [8]

References

  1. 1 2 "BGS GSM59419 – Holotype". GB3D type fossils. Retrieved 2025-10-27.
  2. ↑ Salter, J.W. 1853. On the lowest fossiliferous beds of North Wales. In: Notes and abstracts of miscellaneous communcations to the sections. Geology and Physical Geography. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for 1852: 56–58.
  3. 1 2 Derek E. G. Briggs (1978). "The morphology, mode of life, and affinities of Canadaspis perfecta (Crustacea: Phyllocarida), Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 281 (984): 439–487. Bibcode:1978RSPTB.281..439B. doi:10.1098/rstb.1978.0005. JSTOR   2418038.
  4. 1 2 Liu, Yilong; Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Smith, Patrick M.; Fan, Ruoying; Richards, Marcus D.; Terezow, Marianna G.; Zong, Ruiwen; Gong, Yiming (2024-12-31). "Reappraisal of New Zealand and Australian Ordovician caryocaridids presents insight into phyllocarid phylogeny". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22 (1) 2417653. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2417653. ISSN   1477-2019.
  5. ↑ Collette, Joseph H.; Hagadorn, James W. (September 2010). "Early Evolution of Phyllocarid Arthropods: Phylogeny and Systematics of Cambrian-Devonian Archaeostracans". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (5): 795–820. doi:10.1666/09-092.1. ISSN   0022-3360.
  6. ↑ Brooks, H. K.; Zullo, V. A.; Glaessner, M. F.; Newman, W. A.; Moore, R. C.; Tasch, Paul; McCormick, Lavon; Manton, S. M.; Hessler, R. R.; Manning, R. B.; Rolfe, W. D. I.; Carpenter, F. M.; Holthuis, L. B.; Hoffman, R. L.; Hahn, Gerhard (1969-01-01). "Part R, Arthropoda 4, vol. 1 & 2, Complete Volume". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: 296–331. doi:10.17161/dt.v0i0.5632. ISSN   2153-621X.
  7. ↑ Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (May 2017). "Burgess Shale fossils illustrate the origin of the mandibulate body plan". Nature. 545 (7652): 89–92. doi:10.1038/nature22080. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   28445464.
  8. ↑ Vannier, Jean; Aria, Cédric; Taylor, Rod S.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (June 2018). "Waptia fieldensis Walcott, a mandibulate arthropod from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (6) 172206. doi:10.1098/rsos.172206. ISSN   2054-5703. PMC   6030330 . PMID   30110460.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.