| Inchoatia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Three views of a shell of Inchoatia megdova bruggeni | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Infraorder: | Clausilioidei |
| Superfamily: | Clausilioidea |
| Family: | Clausiliidae |
| Genus: | Inchoatia (Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006 [1] |
Inchoatia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. [2]
The species classified within the genus Inchoatia are conchologically similar. They all have slender to very slender, small to medium-sized shells with more or less prominent papillae along the suture. [3] The clausilial apparatus is of the so-called "N-type", with a lamella spiralis and a plica principalis. [3] As in genus Albinaria , the genital tract shows a dimorphism in penial structure, with either a papilla or a caecum. [3]
The species within this genus occur in limestone areas of the central and western part of mainland Greece, where some taxa are restricted to high altitudes. [3]
Some Inchoatia taxa were insufficiently known, even conchologically (in terms of a shell description) and were classified without clear reference to the underlying facts. [3] In the past (Nordsieck 1972, [4] Nordsieck 1974, [5] Zilch 1981 [6] ) species of the Alopiinae were classified in the genus Carinigera or Sericata , mainly on the anatomical basis of having either a penial papilla or a caecum. [7] This dogmatic approach led to a grouping together of clausiliid species with very different shells, which was eventually unmasked as unnatural by DNA analyses. [1] [7] [8] [9] [10] This position is however not embraced by Nordsieck (2007), [11] who lumped together several genus-group taxa, which "can be characterized neither by shell nor by genital characters", in his view. [7]
The genus Inchoatia was introduced by Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd (2006) [1] [10] on the basis of molecular phylogenetic analyses by Uit de Weerd et al. (2004). [9] This molecular phylogenetic study by Uit de Weerd et al. (2004) [9] was not designed to answer questions about the status of the species group taxa within Inchoatia. [7]
The fact that the Inchoatia taxa are very disjunctly distributed means that attempting to discriminate species as against subspecies is even more of a subjective opinion than usual, because reproductive isolation under natural conditions cannot be observed. [3] An objective or a generally accepted method to weigh morphological differences does not exist. [3] DNA analyses may be extremely helpful, but cannot always be considered decisive with regard to species or subspecies status. [3] Molecular phylogeny reconstructions made clear that reproductive isolation and lineage splitting do not always run entirely parallel, resulting in paraphyletic species. [3] In Inchoatia, with some island-like distributions of presumably high alpine taxa, this may also be the case. [3]
Besides synapomorphic nucleotide substitutions, these taxa share a similar shell shape, and have more or less continuous ranges. [7] According to the molecular data, the major division within Inchoatia is between an Inchoatia inchoata + "Inchoatia regina" subclade, and an Inchoatia haussknechti + Inchoatia megdova subclade. [7] This pattern is congruent with genital anatomical differences between the two subclades, previously used to place them in separate genera Sericata and Carinigera and with conchological similarities between the species within each subclade. [7]
The molecular phylogenetic relationships between nominal subspecies within genus Inchoatia were examined by Uit de Weerd et al. (2009). [7] A cladogram based on sequences of cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Inchoatia by Uit de Weerd et al. (2009) [7] (simplified):
| Inchoatia |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
According to Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd (2009) [3] and Uit de Weerd et al. (2009) [7] the genus Inchoatia includes three species, each of which has a number of subspecies:
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of western Palaearctic, medium to large-sized, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." It includes some of the largest European land snails, several species are common in anthropogenic habitats, and some became invasive on other continents. A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including Cornu aspersum the brown or garden snail, and Helix pomatia. The biologies of these two species in particular have been thoroughly studied and documented.
Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.
Cochlodina is a genus of air-breathing land snails in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Clausiliidae, the door snails.
The Orthalicoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Orthalicoidei of the suborder Helicina
Albinaria is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.
Adolph Cornelis 'Dolf' van Bruggen was a Dutch malacologist, entomologist, and botanist. His interest in the tropics and tropical Africa has dominated his broad scientific interest for more than 50 years now. He was an expert especially in the land snail families Streptaxidae, Achatinidae and Maizaniidae. As of 2008, he had authored some 655 scientific publications.
Inchoatia haussknechti is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.
Inchoatia megdova is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.
Inchoatia inchoata is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.
Albinaria idaea is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.
This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from references. [3] [7]