Clausiliidae

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Clausiliidae
Door snail.jpg
Cochlodina laminata
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Suborder: Helicina
Infraorder: Clausilioidei
Superfamily: Clausilioidea
Family: Clausiliidae
J. E. Gray, 1855 [1]
Type genus
Clausilia
Draparnaud, 1805

Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks. [2]

Contents

With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species, [2] this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.

Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".

Shell description

Megalophaedusa martensi is the largest species of the family Clausiliidae in the world. The individual in the photograph has a shell which is 45.5 mm long. The whole snail weighs 3.2 g live. Megalophaedusa martensi 02.jpg
Megalophaedusa martensi is the largest species of the family Clausiliidae in the world. The individual in the photograph has a shell which is 45.5 mm long. The whole snail weighs 3.2 g live.

Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are left-handed, which is an uncommon feature in gastropod shells in general.

These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired, with numerous whorls.

The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture usually has visible folds.

The clausilium

The clausilium of Clausilia dubia Clausilia dubia clausilium.jpg
The clausilium of Clausilia dubia

Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that most of them have a "door" or clausilium. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum, which does not exist at all in pulmonate gastropods.

The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table). [3]

Taxonomy

The type genus is Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805.

The family Clausiliidae is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). [4]

2005 taxonomy

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 recognizes subfamilies as follows:

subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855

subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913

subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981 [5]

subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926

subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978

subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923

subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924

subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930

subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922

subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927

Genera

Genera include:

Clausiliinae

Tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979

tribe Baleini

Tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979

tribe Clausiliini

Tribe † Emarginariini H. Nordsieck, 2007

Tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002

Tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979

tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979

Tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924

Tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002

Tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994

Tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994

Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913

Alopiinae [11]

tribe Alopiini

tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923)

tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956

tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997

Constrictinae

Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera:

Eualopiinae

Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera:

Tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978

Tribe † Rillyini † H. Nordsieck, 1985

Garnieriinae

Laminiferinae

Tribe Laminiferini Wenz, 1923

Tribe † Oospiroidesini H. Nordsieck, 2007

Tribe † Polloneriini H. Nordsieck, 2007

Mentissoideinae

synonym of the tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 (superseded classification)

Neniinae Wenz, 1923

Tribe Neniini Wenz, 1923

Peruiniinae H. Nordsieck, 2005

Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922

Tribe † Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014

Tribe † Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007

tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922

Tribe † Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007

Tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927

Tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007

Synonyms

Conservation

Although non-marine molluscs appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to extinction, [16] the IUCN Red list listed only 9 species [17] from this family.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Planorbidae</span> Family of gastropods

Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn snails contains iron-based hemoglobin instead of copper-based hemocyanin. As a result, planorbids are able to breathe oxygen more efficiently than other molluscs. The presence of hemoglobin gives the body a reddish colour. This is especially apparent in albino animals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vertiginidae</span> Family of gastropods

Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.

Leiostyla is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Lauriidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hygromiidae</span> Family of gastropods

Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enidae</span> Family of gastropods

Enidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elonidae</span> Family of gastropods

Elonidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.

<i>Clausilia</i> Genus of gastropods

Clausilia is a European genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.

Albinaria is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

<i>Megalophaedusa</i> Genus of gastropods

Megalophaedusa is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.

<i>Inchoatia</i> Genus of gastropods

Inchoatia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

<i>Inchoatia haussknechti</i> Species of gastropod

Inchoatia haussknechti is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

<i>Inchoatia inchoata</i> Species of gastropod

Inchoatia inchoata is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geomitridae</span> Family of gastropods

Geomitridae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.

<i>Oospira</i> Genus of gastropods

Oospira is a genus of terrestrial gastropods belonging to the subfamily Phaedusinae of the family Clausiliidae.

<i>Phaedusa</i> Genus of gastropods

Phaedusa is a genus of terrestrial gastropods belonging to the subfamily Phaedusinae of the family Clausiliidae.

Tropidauchenia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the tribe Tropidauchenia of the subfamily Garnieriinae in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

References

  1. ↑ J. E. Gray. April 14, 1855. Catalogue of Pulmonata or air-breathing Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum, Part I: 156.
  2. 1 2 MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Clausiliidae L. Pfeiffer & J. E. Gray, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833936 on 2023-04-11
  3. ↑ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs . CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN   0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia . Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN   3-925919-72-4. ISSN   0076-2997.
  5. ↑ Nordsieck H. (1981). Archiv für Molluskenkunde111(1-3): 101.
  6. ↑ Nordsieck H. (1978). Archiv für Molluskenkunde109(1-3): 104.
  7. ↑ Nordsieck H. (1985). Heldia1(3): 83.
  8. ↑ Rodrigo B. Salvador; Abraham S.H. Breure (2020). "Type material of Clausiliidae door snails from Philippe Dautzenberg in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Te Papa. 31: 56–69. ISSN   1173-4337. Wikidata   Q106839645.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Clausiliini". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.
  10. ↑ "Graciliaria". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.
  11. ↑ Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails". Doctoral thesis, Leiden University, ISBN   90-6464-874-3.
  12. ↑ Gittenberger E. & Uit de Weerd D. R. (2009). "Summarizing data on the Inchoatia taxa, including Inchoatia megdova bruggeni subspec. nov. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Clausiliidae)" Zoologische Mededelingen83 http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a08 Archived 16 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ Rodrigo B. Salvador; Alina Wahab; Nicole E. Phillips; Abraham S.H. Breure (2021). "South American and Trinidadian terrestrial Gastropoda in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Te Papa. 32: 64–80. ISSN   1173-4337. Wikidata   Q116264204.
  14. ↑ cf. Nordsieck H. (2006). "Species list of recent Clausiliidae".
  15. 1 2 Maassen W. J. M. & Gittenberger E. (2007). "Three new clausiliid land snails from Tonkin, northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)". Zoologische Mededelingen 81(1): http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/81/nr01/a10 Archived 7 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ↑ Lydeard, C.; Cowie R.; Ponder, W.F.; et al. (April 2004). "The global decline of nonmarine mollusks". BioScience . 54 (4): 321–330. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0321:TGDONM]2.0.CO;2 .
  17. ↑ IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 5 March 2010.

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