Pseudofusulus

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Pseudofusulus
Pseudofusulus varians.png
Common and albinistic colour forms of Pseudofusulus varians
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Clausiliidae
Subfamily: Clausiliinae
Tribe: Clausiliini
Genus: Pseudofusulus
Nordsieck, 1977 [1]
Species:
P. varians
Binomial name
Pseudofusulus varians
(C. Pfeiffer, 1828) [2]
Synonyms [3]
  • Helix (Clausilia) diaphana C. Pfeiffer, 1828
  • Helix (Clausilia) varians C. Pfeiffer, 1828

Pseudofusulus varians is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae.

Contents

Genus Pseudofusulus is monotypic genus (contains one species only) with Pseudofusulus varians as its type species.

It is a relict species from Atlantic period of the Holocene, inhabiting exclusively nature beech and scree forests in Europe. [4]

Distribution

The distribution of this species is Eastern Alpine and Western Carpathian. [5] The type locality is the High Alps in Styria, Austria. [2]

The key area of its range is in the Western Alps (from the south-western part of the Alps to Croatia, and also to the Dolomites in the southern Tyrol). [4]

shells of Pseudofusulus varians Pseudofusulus varians shell.jpg
shells of Pseudofusulus varians

Description

The shell is horny or greenish brown and finely ribbed. [7] The shell has 9–10 whorls. [7] The apertural margin is detached. [7] Columellaris is deep inside and forked, hardly visible in a perpendicular view. [7] Palatal wall is white and prominent. [7] There is no lunula. [7] Subcolumellaris is very close to basal furrow, visible in an oblique view. [7] Clausilium is not very concave. [7]

The width of the shell is 2.2–3 mm. [7] The height of the shell is 9–12 mm. [7]

Habitat

Pseudofusulus varians is very exacting on the quality of its environment and its populations are small and quite scattered in the whole of its range. [4]

It lives in virgin-like forests [5] and old-growth forest with fallen dead wood (coarse woody debris) in montane and submontane. [4] It is found in humid and shady habitats in woods, under ground litter and stones, in mountains. [7] In the Czech Republic it is strictly associated with trees, restricted to undisturbed and hardly accessible natural beech forests. [7] Pseudofusulus varians is strictly dendrophilous species, so the main threat is dead wood removing and clearcutting. [4]

As it is endangered in the whole Europe, it is very important to protect its modern sites. [4]

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References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference [7] and CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference [4]

  1. ↑ (in German) Nordsieck H. (1977). "Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Clausilien, XVIII. Neue Taxa rezenter Clausilien". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 108(1/3): 73–107. page 96.
  2. 1 2 (in German) Pfeiffer C. (1828). "Naturgeschichte deutscher Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken". Dritte Abtheilung. pp. I-VI, 1–84 pp., Taf. I-VIII. Weimar. (Landes-Industrie-Comptoir). p. 40, Taf. 7, Fig. 24-25.
  3. ↑ "Pseudofusulus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 (in Czech) Lacina A. (2011). "Poznámky k ekologii, rozšíření a ochraně vřetence horského (Pseudofusulus varians) v České republice. [Notes to the ecology, distribution and protection of Pseudofusulus varians in the Czech Republic]". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 10: 18–23. PDF.
  5. 1 2 (in Czech) Lacina A. & Horsák M. (2009). "Jak se vede vřetenatci horskému – z červené knihy našich měkkýšů" ["Is the land Snail Pseudofusulus varinas Doing Well? From the Czech Republic's Red Book of Molluscs"]. Živa, Praha LVII(2): 73–74. English abstract.
  6. ↑ (in Czech) Ložek V. (1985). "Z červené knihy našich měkkýšů – je ohrožen vřetenec horský?". Živa 33: 221.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Species summary for Pseudofusulus varians". AnimalBase, last modified 23 March 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.
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