Ipomoea heptaphylla | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Solanales |
Family: | Convolvulaceae |
Genus: | Ipomoea |
Species: | I. heptaphylla |
Binomial name | |
Ipomoea heptaphylla Sweet | |
Synonyms | |
|
Ipomoea heptaphylla, sometimes known as Wright's morning glory in the United States, is a species of morning glory. It is incorrectly classified as I. wrightii in American publications, but is incorrectly known as I. tenuipes in Africa and India. It is an annual or short-lived perennial vine which climbs using twining stems, and has pink or purple flowers. The leaf shape is somewhat variable, with individuals possessing compound leaves palmately divided into five leaflets, and lanceolate-leaved individuals occurring in neighbouring populations. The name heptaphylla actually means 'seven-leaved'. This plant has a very extensive distribution, from Texas and adjacent states in the southeastern USA to Misiones in northern Argentina, the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean, India, Sri Lanka and East and Southern Africa. Despite its wide distribution it is uncommon throughout its range. The rediscovery of the presence of the species in India after an absence of over half a century was published in 2014. The species appears to favour dry subtropical to tropical habitats.
The earliest reference to this plant is thought to likely be an illustration included in the works on the flora of Brazil by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. It was named as Convolvulus heptaphyllus by William Roxburgh, who studied the plant in India in the late 18th century, but never validly described the species. Roxburgh's name was validated in 1803 by Johan Peter Rottler and Carl Ludwig Willdenow in a German publication, based on a specimen collected in Madras, but a 1824 posthumous printing of the Flora Indica -constructed from Roxburgh's edited notes, was incorrectly used in later British works to attribute authorship of the name to him anyway. The original type specimen, the holotype, is stored in Berlin, with an isotype kept at Kew.
Ipomoea wrightii was named by Asa Gray in his Synoptical flora of North America after Charles Wright, an important collector of new species of wild plants in the Republic of Texas, basing his species on plant material collected by Wright. Gray mistakenly attributed the origin of the holotype specimen to "southern Texas", [1] but it had actually been collected by Wright in Cuba. This holotype has always been kept in Germany.
In Africa the plant was known as Convolvulus heptaphyllus until 1961, when Bernard Verdcourt moved the taxon to a new combination, Ipomoea tenuipes, instead of I. heptaphylla, because he believed the name I. heptaphylla was already occupied; [2] in fact the name was indeed occupied, Robert Sweet had already moved Convolvulus heptaphyllus to Ipomoea heptaphylla in 1830, citing the Flora Indica. [3]
It is an annual or short-lived perennial vine. Besides being able to climb using thin stems which wind around the stems of other plants, the leaf petioles and flower peduncles of this species are also able to twist around supporting objects. There are some rough points on the stem and some hairs within the corolla, but otherwise the plant is completely glabruos. The flowers are coloured pink or purple. The leaf shape is somewhat variable, with individuals usually possessing compound leaves palmately divided into five leaflets, but with lanceolate-leaved individuals occurring in neighbouring populations. The name heptaphylla actually means 'seven-leaved'. [3] When palmate the leaflets are all approximately the same size, with the entire leaf being roughly round in dimensions.
It is quite similar to Ipomoea cairica , which occurs throughout much of its range, having similar leaves, flowers and twining petioles, but this is a less robust plant with smaller flowers and much longer peduncles. Furthermore, in I. cairica the flower petals are rounded at their ends as opposed to slightly pointed, and the leaves are somewhat longer than they are broad. [4]
Aside from the first references to this species from Brazil, India and Cuba, other early collections of this species are from Jamaica, Paraguay, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, northernmost Mexico, Texas and Arkansas.
Likely the first specimens in India, and indeed the world, were collected near Chennai, then known as Madras, in Marmelon, now Mambalam-Saidapet, in the 'Nopalry', the Opuntia gardens, of the Scottish physician and keen gardener James Anderson, who was (quite unsuccessfully) attempting to develop cochineal farming in India at this location. Herbarium specimens taken from these gardens made their way to Germany, where they were used as the type to base the taxon on in 1803. Another early collection from the geographical area was in Sri Lanka, from which seeds were sent to a lady gardener in England in the 1840s, which were then grown into plants featured in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (under the name Ipomoea pulchella, and dubbed with the vernacular name 'handsome bindweed' for this work). In 2014 it was recollected in India in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, after not having been identified in the country for 53 years. [4]
In Africa it is known to grow in Angola, [2] Mozambique, [2] Namibia, South Africa (the former Transvaal Province), [2] Sudan (information from before succession), [2] Tanzania (continental), [2] Zambia [2] (Luangwa), and Zimbabwe. [2] The earliest African specimens were collected in Tanganyika in the 1930s. [2] In South Africa it is very uncommon.
Although it had always been seen as native to the United States, with I. wrightii first having been described from Texas, it has recently been added as an invasive species in the US in some internet databases.
In India the known habitat of this species is roadsides in cultivated areas. [4]
Seed of this species has sometimes been offered for sale in commercial horticultural catalogues. It was first cultivated in Britain in 1827. [3]
Morning glory is the common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, whose current taxonomy and systematics are in flux. Morning glory species belong to many genera, some of which are:
Convolvulus is a genus of about 200 to 250 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Common names include bindweed and morning glory; both names shared with other closely related genera.
Rubus caesius is a Eurasian species of dewberry, known as the European dewberry. Like other dewberries, it is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, related to the blackberry. It is widely distributed across much of Europe and Asia from Ireland and Portugal as far east as Xinjiang Province in western China. It has also become sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Argentina, Canada, and the United States.
The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple or compound. The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article.
Anemonoides quinquefolia, a flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to North America. It is commonly called wood anemone or windflower, not to be confused with Anemonoides nemorosa, a closely related European species also known by these common names. The specific epithet quinquefolia means "five-leaved", which is a misnomer since each leaf has just three leaflets. A plant typically has a single, small white flower with 5 sepals.
Agrius convolvuli, the convolvulus hawk-moth, is a large hawk-moth. It is common throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and New Zealand, partly as a migrant. In New Zealand, it is also known as the kumara moth, and in the Māori language as hīhue.
Acoelorrhaphe is a genus of palms with single species Acoelorrhaphe wrightii, known as the Paurotis palm, Everglades palm or Madeira palm in English and cubas, tique, and papta in Spanish.
Ipomoea cairica is a vining, herbaceous, perennial plant with palmate leaves and large, showy white to lavender flowers. A species of morning glory, it has many common names, including mile-a-minute vine, Messina creeper, Cairo morning glory, coast morning glory and railroad creeper. The species name cairica translates to "from Cairo", the city where this species was first collected.
Ipomoea tuberculata is a flowering plant species in the bindweed family (Convolvulaceae). It belongs to the morning glory genus, Ipomoea.
Rubus laciniatus, the cutleaf evergreen blackberry or evergreen blackberry, is a species of Rubus, native to Eurasia. It is an introduced species in Australia and North America. It has become a weed and invasive species in forested habitats in the United States and Canada, particularly in the Northeast and along the Pacific Coast.
Rodgersia is a genus of flowering plants in the Saxifragaceae family. Rodgersia are herbaceous perennials originating from east Asia.
Ipomoea indica is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, known by several common names, including blue morning glory, oceanblue morning glory, koali awa, and blue dawn flower. It bears heart-shaped or 3-lobed leaves and purple or blue funnel-shaped flowers 6–8 cm (2–3 in) in diameter, from spring to autumn. The flowers produced by the plant are hermaphroditic. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae). Commonly known as calico aster, starved aster, and white woodland aster, it is native to eastern and central North America. It is a perennial and herbaceous plant that may reach heights up to 120 centimeters and widths up to 30 cm (1 ft).
Krigia is a genus of North American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Plants of the genus are known generally as dwarf dandelions or dwarfdandelions.
Suaeda nigra, often still known by the former name Suaeda moquinii, is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family, known by the vernacular names bush seepweed or Mojave sea-blite.
Rubus pedatus is an Asian and North American species of raspberry known under the common names five-leaved bramble, strawberryleaf raspberry and creeping raspberry.
Rubus argutus is a North American species of prickly bramble in the rose family. It is a perennial plant native to the eastern and south-central United States. Common names are sawtooth blackberry or tall blackberry after its high growth.
Clematicissus opaca, called small-leaf grape, pepper vine, small-leaved water vine, yaloone and wappo wappo, is a small vine endemic to Australia. Pepper vine is naturally found in rocky locales in monsoon forest, littoral rainforest and open forest, and is occasionally grown as a garden plant. The plant is primarily restricted to coastal and sub-coastal regions in Queensland and New South Wales, although it does occur inland, west of the Great Dividing Range, in central New South Wales,
Handroanthus heptaphyllus, commonly referred to as the pink trumpet tree or pink tab, is a Bignoniaceae tree native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America. It grows in the high forest watershed of the Paraná River, Paraguay River and Uruguay River. It has a limited distribution, almost exclusively inhabiting low lands with wet and deep soils, where it forms part of the upper layer of tree cover.
Ipomoea oenotherae is a species of plant of the morning glory genus, Ipomoea, in the family Convolvulaceae. It derives its name from the resemblance it bears to plants in the genus Oenothera. Ipomoea oenotherae is a succulent and a cryptophyte.