The groups of people who have settled or controlled the territory of modern-day North Macedonia have influenced the country in many ways, one of the most visible being architecture. These groups of people include the Paionians, Illyrians, Ancient Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Bulgarians, Serbs, Ottomans, Yugoslavs, and ethnic Macedonians.
The architecture of Yugoslavia was characterized by emerging, unique, and often differing national and regional narratives. As a socialist state remaining free from the Iron Curtain, Yugoslavia adopted a hybrid identity that combined the architectural, cultural, and political leanings of both Western liberal democracy and Soviet communism.
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, an international groupation established to maintain independence of countries beyond Eastern and Western Bloc from the major Cold War powers. Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia, hosted the First Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in September 1961 and the Ninth Summit in September 1989.
Guyana–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Guyana and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia developed diplomatic interest in Guyana as a part of its prominent and active involvement in the Non-Aligned Movement. As a European and Mediterranean country and the founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement Yugoslavia was suspicious of Cuban Tricontinental proposals and emphases within the movement which Belgrade perceived as indirect Soviet efforts to undermine Yugoslavia. Guyana was perceived as an alternative voice in Latin America while the country itself perceived the Non-Aligned Movement as an opportunity for foreign policy affirmation.
Trinidad and Tobago–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Caribbean island nation of Trinidad and Tobago and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Norway–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Norway and now split-up Yugoslavia.
Australia–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Australia. Australia and Yugoslavia established formal diplomatic relations in 1966. Two countries decided to establish embassies, initially at the Charge d'Affaires level, to facilitate practical contacts, particularly in the field of migration. Australia recognized advantages of special relations and contacts with other countries in Eastern Europe but also the role it played in many of the meetings and activities of Non-Aligned countries. Relations between two countries were complicated by Yugoslav bad relations with its emigration in Australia which was often perceived to be significantly prone towards radical nationalism, anti-Yugoslavism and even widespread sympathies for the World War II collaborationist movements. Delegation of the Parliament of Yugoslavia visited Australia in 1970, while the Parliament of Australia returned visit in February 1971.
Tanzania–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Tanzania and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. During the Cold War both countries actively participated in the work of the Non-Aligned Movement. President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito visited Tanzania in 1970 while President of Tanzania Julius Nyerere visited Yugoslavia on three occasions in 1961, 1969 and in 1975. 1961 visit to Yugoslavia was the first official international visit by Nyerere and it took place even before the formal independence was declared later that year.
Israel–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Israel and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Positive initial relations between the two states were subsequently negatively affected by the Arab–Israeli conflict and close relations between Yugoslavia and some Arab states, particularly Yugoslav relations with Egypt. Despite cancelation of the formal relations after the Six-Day War informal, commercial and cultural exchanges continued throughout the Cold War period.
Ireland–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Ireland and now defunct Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. During the Cold War both Ireland and Yugoslavia refused to formally join either the NATO or Warsaw Pact military alliances with Ireland's claim of military neutrality and post-1948 Tito-Stalin split Yugoslavia focusing on diplomatic relations within the Non-Aligned Movement. During the Informbiro period Yugoslavia indirectly associated itself with NATO via the Balkan Pact (1953).
Lebanon–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Lebanon and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Both countries self-identified with the wider Mediterranean region and shared membership in the Non-Aligned Movement. Formal bilateral relations between Lebanon and Yugoslavia were established in 1946. Lebanon participated at the 1961 First Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement in Belgrade. Both countries experienced significant instabilities and conflicts with weak central authorities which in Yugoslav case led to complete dismemberment of federal institutions and violent breakup of the state. Instability in both countries led to the establishment of special courts; the Special Tribunal for Lebanon and International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
Iran–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Iran and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Burundi and the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were both members of the Non-Aligned Movement and they developed their relations in the framework of the Cold War Third World cooperation.
China–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between China and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. For a long period during the Cold War China was critical towards perceived excessive liberalism, too close cooperation with Western Bloc or market socialism of Yugoslavia, therefore the Chinese communists accused the Yugoslav communists of being revisionists, while the Yugoslav communists accused the Chinese communists of being dogmatics. But, the good relations between both socialist states were restored at the end of the 1960s, and improved even more since the Sino-Albanian rupture occurred, with the trend of improved relations continuing in relations with successor states, particularly Serbia. In the 1980s Deng Xiaoping's foreign policy resembled Yugoslavia's stance of being non-aligned and non-confrontational and with Hu Yaobang’s 1983 appraisal of ‘Josip Tito's principles of independence and equality among all communist parties, and of opposing imperialism, colonialism, and hegemonism’. All six former Yugoslav republics have memoranda of understanding with China on Belt and Road Initiative.
Cuba–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Cuba and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Official diplomatic relations were established in 1943 when the Yugoslav government-in-exile decided to upgrade its consulate into an official representation office.
Brazil–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Brazil and now split-up Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia and ratification of the Agreement on Succession Issues Slovenia, one of five sovereign equal successor states, has taken over properties of the Embassy of Yugoslavia in Brasilia.
Foreign relations of Yugoslavia were international relations of the interwar Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Cold War Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. During its existence, the country was the founding member of numerous multilateral organizations including the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, International Monetary Fund, Group of 77, Group of 15, Central European Initiative and the European Broadcasting Union.
Plan for Skopje 1963 was the urban and architectural plan put forward to rebuild the city of Skopje following the 1963 Skopje earthquake. The plan was organised between 1963 and 1966 by the government of Yugoslavia and the United Nations. The rebuilding of the city attracted large international attention, this led to the involvement of a large number of high-profile architects. The UN invited Kenzo Tange and his team to participate in an international competition for the urban design of the city centre in 1965; as one of several Yugoslav and international architecture teams. Architects that participated in the plan include Greek architect Constantinos Doxiadis and Polish architect Adolf Ciborowski. Dutch architects Van den Broek and Jaap Bakema. Luigi Piccinato (Italy) and Maurice Rotival (USA). Yugoslav participants included Aleksandar Dordevik, Slavko Brezoski, Edvard Ravnikar, Radovan Miščević and Fedor Wenzler.
Nigeria–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Nigeria and the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1960 after the independence of Nigeria earlier that year. Both countries were members of the Non-Aligned Movement and they developed their relations in the framework of the Cold War Third World cooperation. Yugoslavia was one of the founding members of the movement while Belgrade believed that the reason why Nigeria did not participate in the 1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement as one of the founding members was the result of discouragement by the United States as the decision was announced during the prime minister's visit to Washington, D.C. During the existence of socialist Yugoslavia, both countries were organized as multi-ethnic federal states.
Sri Lanka–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Sri Lanka and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In the period of the Cold War both countries were the founders and among core members of the Non-Aligned Movement. Diplomatic relations were established on 14 October 1957.
