John Lutterell

Last updated

John Lutterell (died 1335) was an English medieval philosopher, theologian, and university chancellor. [1]

Lutterell was a Dominican and a Canon of Salisbury Cathedral. [2] He was Chancellor of Oxford University from 1317 to 1322. However, he was so disliked by the regent masters at Oxford that he was expelled as Chancellor there.

John Lutterell went to Avignon in 1323 where he hoped to advance his career at the papal court. He carried with him a booklet of 56 errors taken from a commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard by William of Ockham. Lutterell presented this to Pope John XXII. Lutterell may have been given the task of compiling a report on Ockham's views. [3] Even though he was a Doctor of Theology, he demonstrated a poor understanding of Ockham's ideas. As a result, the papal commission appointed to examine Ockham was forced to revise the list of 56 errors prior to beginning its own inquiry. [4]

Lutterell believed that a reality (God's essence) can have rational differences (ideas). Opposing Ockham, he argued that these ideas cannot be created things. Instead these ideas are eternal and immutable, but creatures are not. [5] Ockham was questioned by Lutterell and five other theologians. They found difficulties with the young friar's ideas. He was not condemned formally but was forced to remain in Avignon under a type of house arrest. [6]

Lutterell appears in the story “Thus We Frustrate Charlemagne” by R.A. Lafferty, in which a cabal of scientists manipulating time cause a catastrophe by killing him before he reaches Avignon.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pope Benedict XII</span> Head of the Catholic Church from 1334 to 1342

Pope Benedict XII, born Jacques Fournier, was a cardinal and inquisitor, later head of the Catholic Church from 30 December 1334 to his death, in April 1342. He was the third Avignon pope and reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism. Unable to remove his capital to Rome or Bologna, Benedict started the great palace at Avignon. He settled the beatific vision controversy of Pope John XXII with the bull Benedictus Deus, which stated that souls may attain the "fullness of the beatific vision" before the Last Judgment. Despite many diplomatic attempts with Emperor Louis IV to resolve their differences, Benedict failed to bring the Holy Roman Empire back under papal dominance. He died 25 April 1342 and was buried in Avignon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pope Clement VI</span> Head of the Catholic Church from 1342 to 1352

Pope Clement VI, born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death, in December 1352. He was the fourth Avignon pope. Clement reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death (1348–1350), during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William of Ockham</span> English Franciscan friar and theologian (c. 1287–1347)

William of Ockham or Occam was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and Catholic theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. He is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics and theology. William is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on the 10th of April.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pope John XXII</span> Head of the Catholic Church from 1316 to 1334

Pope John XXII, born Jacques Duèze, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death, in December 1334. He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by the Conclave of Cardinals, which was assembled in Lyon. Like his predecessor, Clement V, Pope John centralized power and income in the Papacy and lived a princely life in Avignon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avignon Papacy</span> Period in the 14th century during which the Pope lived in Avignon, France

The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome. The situation arose from the conflict between the papacy and the French crown, culminating in the death of Pope Boniface VIII after his arrest and maltreatment by Philip IV of France. Following the subsequent death of Pope Benedict XI, Philip forced a deadlocked conclave to elect the French Clement V as pope in 1305. Clement refused to move to Rome, and in 1309 he moved his court to the papal enclave at Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years. This absence from Rome is sometimes referred to as the "Babylonian captivity" of the Papacy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Bradwardine</span> English cleric, mathematician and courtier (c.1300–1349)

Thomas Bradwardine was an English cleric, scholar, mathematician, physicist, courtier and, very briefly, Archbishop of Canterbury. As a celebrated scholastic philosopher and doctor of theology, he is often called Doctor Profundus.

Michael of Cesena was an Italian Franciscan, minister general of that order, and theologian. His advocacy of evangelical poverty brought him into conflict with Pope John XXII.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Schism</span> Split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417

The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Great Occidental Schism, the Schism of 1378, or the Great Schism, was a split within the Roman Catholic Church lasting from 20 September 1378 to 11 November 1417, in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon simultaneously claimed to be the true pope, and were eventually joined by a third line of Pisan claimants in 1409. The event was driven by international rivalries, personalities and political allegiances, with the Avignon Papacy in particular being closely tied to the French monarchy.

Conciliarism was a movement in the 14th-, 15th- and 16th-century Catholic Church which held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an ecumenical council, apart from, or even against, the pope.

Apostolic poverty is a Christian doctrine professed in the thirteenth century by the newly formed religious orders, known as the mendicant orders, in direct response to calls for reform in the Roman Catholic Church. In this, these orders attempted to live their lives without ownership of lands or accumulation of money, following the precepts given to the seventy disciples in the Gospel of Luke (10:1-24), and succeeding to varying degrees. The ascetic Pope Paschal II's solution of the Investiture Controversy in his radical Concordat of 1111 with the Emperor, repudiated by the cardinals, was that the ecclesiastics of Germany should surrender to the imperial crown their fiefs and secular offices. Paschal proved to be the last of the Gregorianist popes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Condemnations of 1210–1277</span> Medieval restrictions questioning Aristotelianism

The Condemnations at the medieval University of Paris were enacted to restrict certain teachings as being heretical. These included a number of medieval theological teachings, but most importantly the physical treatises of Aristotle. The investigations of these teachings were conducted by the Bishops of Paris. The Condemnations of 1277 are traditionally linked to an investigation requested by Pope John XXI, although whether he actually supported drawing up a list of condemnations is unclear.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabriel Biel</span> German canon regular and scholar (1420/5-1495)

Gabriel Biel was a German scholastic philosopher and member of the Canons Regular of the Congregation of Windesheim, who were the clerical counterpart to the Brethren of the Common Life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter Burley</span> 14th-century English scholastic philosopher and logician

Walter Burley was an English scholastic philosopher and logician with at least 50 works attributed to him. He studied under Thomas Wilton and received his Master of Arts degree in 1301, and was a fellow of Merton College, Oxford until about 1310. He then spent sixteen years in Paris, becoming a fellow of the Sorbonne by 1324, before spending 17 years as a clerical courtier in England and Avignon. Burley disagreed with William of Ockham on a number of points concerning logic and natural philosophy. He was known as the Doctor Planus et Perspicuus.

Durandus of Saint-Pourçain was a French Dominican, philosopher, theologian, and bishop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard FitzRalph</span> Archbishop, university administrator

Richard FitzRalph was a scholastic philosopher, theologian, and Norman Irish Archbishop of Armagh during the 14th century. His thought exerted a significant influence on John Wycliffe's.

Henry (of) Harclay was an English medieval philosopher and university chancellor.

Lewis de Charleton was a medieval Bishop of Hereford in England.

Guido Terrena, also known as Guido Terreni and Guy de Perpignan, was a Catalan Carmelite canon lawyer and scholastic philosopher.

John of Reading was an English Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher. He was an early opponent of William of Ockham, and a follower of Duns Scotus.

Robert de Bardis was a 14th-century Chancellor of the University of Paris and a member of the Florentine Bardi banking family. He became chancellor of the Sorbonne in 1336. His financial resources placed him on the same level as the chancellor of Seville. de Bardis was a highly regarded scholar of St. Augustine and a friend of Petrarch.

References

  1. Hibbert, Christopher, ed. (1988). "Appendix 5: Chancellors of the University". The Encyclopaedia of Oxford . Macmillan. pp. 521–522. ISBN   0-333-39917-X.
  2. Wood, Anthony (1790). "Fasti Oxonienses". The History and Antiquities of the Colleges and Halls in the University of Oxford. p.  19 via Internet Archive.
  3. Thijssen, J.M.M.H. (1998). Censure and Heresy at the University of Paris, 1200–1400. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 14.
  4. McGrade, Arthur Stephen (2002). The Political Thought of William of Ockham. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
  5. Hoenen, M.J.F.M. (1993). Marsilius of Inghen. Brill Publishing. p. 139.
  6. Sheppard, James (2005). Christendom at the Crossroads: The Medieval Era. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 130.
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Oxford
1317–1322
Succeeded by