Jolthead porgy

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Jolthead porgy
Calamus bajonado.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Calamus
Species:
C. bajonado
Binomial name
Calamus bajonado
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
  • Sparus bojanado(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
  • Pagrus quadrituberculatus (Ranzani, 1842)
  • Pagellus Caninus (Poey, 1860)
  • Calamus plumatula(Guichenot, 1868)
  • Calamus macrops (Poey, 1872)

The jolthead porgy (Calamus bajonado) is an ocean-going species of fish in the family Sparidae. In Bermuda, it is known as the blue bone porgy, [2] in the United States, it is also known by the Spanish name bojanado, in Jamaica, it is one of the species known by the name, porgi grunt. [3]

Contents

Taxonomy and naming

Marcus Elieser Bloch Marcus Elieser Bloch.jpg
Marcus Elieser Bloch
Johann Gottlob Schneider Schneider Johann Gottlob 1750-1822.png
Johann Gottlob Schneider

Credit for describing the Jolthead porgy goes to Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Schneider. [4] Though Bloch died in 1799, [5] Schneider edited and republished several of Bloch's papers in a book called Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum in 1801. It was originally placed in the genus Sparus , which now contains only one species, but has since been moved into Calamus . The Genus name comes from the mythological Calamus, or Kalamos. It was so named because the Calamus of myth allowed himself to drown in a river, after the death of his lover, and transform into aquatic plants [6] that some members of the genus make their homes in. The species name, bojonado, comes from the Spanish words bojo and nado, which mean "low swimming". Its common name is thought to come from its feeding behavior- that Jolthead porgies feed by jolting mollusks from rocks. [7]

The Jolthead porgy has five known synonyms, placing it in the genera Pagrus , Pagellus , Sparus , and Calamus . [8] The holotypes of Calamus macrops, and C. plumatula were reviewed in 1966 and found to be synonyms. [8] Sparus bojanado is a senior synonym, it was the name originally given by Bloch and Schneider, but is no longer the accepted name.

Description

The Jolthead porgy usually has 12 rays on the dorsal fin, 10 on the anal fin. They have 15 pectoral rays, though they can sometimes vary from 14 to 16. The lateral line can have from 50 to 57 scales. [9] It differs from similar poriges it that most members of the genus has 45–49 scales on their lateral lines. It also differs from Calamus pennatula in that it has more pectoral rays. [10] Jolthead porgies have a blue line under each eye, and their mouths are rimmed in orange. [11] The fish's overall color is a brassy silver with occasional blue/green iridescence, [8] making it one of the dullest-colored member of its genus. [12]

The largest recorded Jolthead porgy was 76 cm, [13] while they commonly grow up to 54 cm. [14] Though they normally grow to around 8 lb, [7] The heaviest weighed 23.36 lb. [15]

Distribution and habitat

Known only from the western Atlantic Ocean, Jolthead porgies are found from Rhode Island and Bermuda south to Brazil. [16] They are abundant in the northern Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies. [16] They have been collected from beds of seagrass, [17] and commonly swim in clear, shallow water up to 150 feet, [9] (though there have been reports of them as deep as 180 [18] and 200 m [11] ) where they are normally solitary, but sometimes appear in schools near reefs. [19] They are thought to spawn in July and August. [20]

Diadema antillarum, a common Caribbean sea urchin. Diadema antillarum Flower Garden Banks.jpg
Diadema antillarum , a common Caribbean sea urchin.

There is some debate over the Jolthead porgy's diet. Some sources consider it omnivorous, [7] while others state at its eats mainly other animals such as sea urchins (especially of the genus Diadema [9] ), mollusks and crustaceans. [10]

Relationship with humans

Considered to be an excellent food fish, [10] Jolt head porgies can easily be caught with a hook and line on the bottom and by means of fish traps. [10] [20] They are considered to be a game fish and are of minor commercial importance, [21] though there have been reports of ciguatera poisoning due to red tide associated with them. [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sparidae</span> Family of fishes

Sparidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes, the sea breams and porgies, although they were traditionally classified in the order Perciformes. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are demersal carnivores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider</span> German classicist and naturalist

Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider was a German classicist and naturalist.

<i>Calamus</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

Calamus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. Most of the species in this genus are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean, with 2 species occurring in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Sparisoma</i> Genus of fishes

Sparisoma is a genus of parrotfishes native to warmer parts of the Atlantic. FishBase recognizes 15 species in this genus, including S. rocha described from Trindade Island in 2010 and S. choati described from the East Atlantic in 2012. They are the most important grazers of algae in the Caribbean Sea, especially since sea urchins, especially Diadema, the other prominent consumers of algae, have been reduced in many places by a recent epidemic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellowtail snapper</span> Species of fish

The yellowtail snapper is an abundant species of snapper native to the western Atlantic Ocean including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Although they have been found as far north as Massachusetts, their normal range is along Florida south to the West Indies and Brazil. This species is mostly found around coral reefs, but may be found in other habitats. They occur at depths of from near the surface to 180 meters (590 ft), though mostly between 10 and 70 m. This species can reach a length of 86.3 cm (34.0 in), though most do not exceed 40 cm (16 in). The greatest weight recorded for this species is 4.98 kg (11.0 lb). Yellowtail snapper is a commercially important species and has been farmed. It is sought as a game fish by recreational anglers and is a popular species for display in public aquaria. This species is the only known member of its genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish hogfish</span> Species of fish

The Spanish hogfish, Bodianus rufus, is a species of wrasse native to the western Atlantic Ocean, where it can be found from North Carolina and Bermuda through the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to southern Brazil. It inhabits coral or rock reefs at depths of 1 to 70 m. While the adults feed on such prey as molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, worms, and small fish, the juveniles act as cleaner fishes. This species can reach a length of 40 cm (16 in), though most do not exceed 28 cm (11 in). This species is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can be found in the aquarium trade. When Marcus Elieser Bloch named the genus Bodianus he used Bodianus bodianus as the type species of the genus, this is a junior synonym of Bodianus rufus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheepshead porgy</span> Species of fish

The sheepshead porgy, also known as the littlemouth porgy or speckled porgy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Atlantic seabream</span> Species of fish

Western Atlantic seabream is an ocean-going species of fish in the family, Sparidae. It was first described in 1758 by the "father of modern taxonomy," Carl Linnaeus, in the 10th edition of his book, Systema Naturae. Within their native range, Western Atlantic seabream are also known as the seabream, brim, tropical sheepshead, chopa amarilla, or salema. Although they are eaten, and have been described as pan fish, Western Atlantic seabream have not gained the popularity as a gamefish that their relative, the sheepshead has.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saucereye porgy</span> Species of fish

The saucereye porgy is an ocean-going species of fish in the family Sparidae. In Bermuda, they are also known as the goat's head porgy. In Jamaica, they are known as the Porgi grunt and the sugareye porgy. They may also be known simply by the name Porgy in several other Caribbean islands. Saucereye porgies are considered to be minor gamefishes and when caught are marketed both fresh and frozen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pluma porgy</span> Species of fish

The Pluma porgy is an ocean-going fish of the family Sparidae. In many parts of the Caribbean, it is simply known as the Pluma, while in Jamaica can be called the Pimento grunt, and is sometimes called the West Indian porgy in the United States. The Pluma porgy was described by Alphone Guichenot, a French zoologist who taught, researched, and participated in specimen collecting trips on behalf of the National Natural History Museum in Paris, in 1869.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Littlehead porgy</span> Species of fish

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Knobbed porgy</span> Species of fish

The knobbed porgy is an ocean-going species of gamefish of the bream/porgy family, Sparidae. They are only found in the western portion of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, where they are often caught with trawling nets or by angling, and used as food. The knobbed porgy was named by John Randall and David K. Caldwell as part of a 1966 review of the genus Calamus, which was published in the academic journal Science. Randall and Caldwell also described three other species of Calamus in the paper.

Trypauchen vagina, commonly known as the burrowing goby, is a species of eel goby found in the Indo-Pacific region. It has an elongated body about 20 to 22 cm in length. It is reddish-pink in color and possesses distinctive pouches in the upper edges of its gill covers. It lives in burrows in the silty and muddy bottoms of its marine and brackish habitats. It has reduced eyes that are entirely covered with skin and the anterior portion of its head is protected by thick flesh. Both adaptations aid it in digging its burrows.

<i>Erythrinus erythrinus</i> Species of fish

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<i>Brama</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

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<i>Cirrhitus</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Sparisoma chrysopterum</i> Species of fish

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<i>Lethrinus</i> Genus of fishes

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References

  1. ↑ Russell, B.; Carpenter, K.E.; MacDonald, T. & Vega-Cendejas, M. (2014). "Calamus bajonado". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T170190A1289896. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170190A1289896.en . Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  2. ↑ Zaneveld, J.S. 1983 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean) E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p.
  3. ↑ Pollnac, R.B. 1998 Aspects of the human ecology of the coral reefs of Discovery Bay. p. 141–199. In R.B. Pollnac (ed.) Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. CMR 2205, ICLARM 1445.
  4. ↑ Systema ichthyologiae iconibus CX illustratum. Marcus Elieser Bloch, Johann Gottlob Schneider, Johann Friedrich Hennig.1801
  5. ↑ Isidore Singer and Benuel H. Brumberg, "JewishEncyclopedia.com – BLOCH, MARCUS ELIEZER:,", http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1159&letter=B (accessed 27 November 2007).
  6. ↑ Nonnos, Dionysiaca, translated by le Comte de Marcellus in 1856. Eglinton 1964: 474.
  7. 1 2 3 Breeder, Charles M. Field Book of Marine Fishes of the Atlantic Coast, From Labrador to Texas. New York. Charles Putnam's Sons. Pg. 183.
  8. 1 2 3 Randall, John E. David K. Caldwell. A Review of the Sparid Fish Genus Calamus, with Descriptions of Four New Species. Bulletin of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Science: No. 2. 5 May 1966. Pg. 28
  9. 1 2 3 Randall, John E. Caribbean Reef Fishes. 1968, Jersey City, New Jersey, T.H.F. Publications. 145
  10. 1 2 3 4 Bohlke, James E. Charles C. G. Chaplin. Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. 2nd edition. Austin, UP of Texas. 386.
  11. 1 2 Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
  12. ↑ Jordan, David Starr. Fishes. New York. 1905. pg. 560.
  13. ↑ IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
  14. ↑ Randall, J.E. and R. Vergara R. 1978 Sparidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). FAO, Rome. Vol. 5. pag.var.
  15. ↑ International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA.
  16. 1 2 Cervigón, F. 1993 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p.
  17. ↑ Randall and Caldwell, pg. 27
  18. 1 2 Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Harper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
  19. ↑ Ackerman, Bill. Handbook of Fishes of the Atlantic Seaborad. The American Publishing Company. Washington D. C. pp. 58
  20. 1 2 Jordan, David. Barton Evermann. American Food and Game Fishes. New York. Doubleday, Page & Company. 1923. pg. 440
  21. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Calamus bajonado" in FishBase. 12 2009 version.
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