Lachin offensive | |||||||||
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Part of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Azerbaijan | |||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Unknown | |||||||||
Units involved | |||||||||
State Border Service [1] Contents | Artsakh Defence Army Armed Forces of Armenia National Security Service [6] | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
Unknown regular military Units:
| Unknown regular military | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Per Azerbaijan:
Per Armenia:
| Per Armenia:
Per Azerbaijan: [11]
Units:
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The Lachin offensive{{efn|
(Berdzor is same lachin*)
Lachin offensive
The disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, with its ethnic Armenian majority, [13] [14] [15] [16] is a de jure part of Azerbaijan, but is de facto held by the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh, which is supported by Armenia. [17] Ethnic violence began in the late 1980s, and exploded into a war following the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. On 20 February 1988, the Soviet of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast passed a resolution requesting transfer of the oblast from the Azerbaijan SSR to the Armenia SSR; Azerbaijan rejected the request. Following the revoking of Nagorno-Karabakh's autonomous status, an independence referendum was held on 10 December 1991 which was boycotted by the Azerbaijani population which then constituted around 22.8% of Nagorno-Karabakh's population; as a result, 99.8% voted in favor. Both Armenia and Azerbaijan then became fully independent of the Soviet Union in 1992. [18]
The First Nagorno-Karabakh War resulted in the displacement of 750,000 Azerbaijanis overall, with roughly 600,000 of them being from Nagorno-Karabakh and the seven surrounding districts, which were majority-Azeri, essentially cleansing all of the occupied territories from its Azerbaijani inhabitants. [19] Similarly, 353,000 Armenians had to flee from Azerbaijan. [20] [19] The war ended with a ceasefire in 1994, with the unrecognised Republic of Artsakh in control of most of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, as well as occupying the surrounding districts of Agdam, Jabrayil, Fuzuli, Kalbajar, Qubadli, Lachin and Zangilan of Azerbaijan and the Lachin Corridor - a mountain pass that links Nagorno-Karabakh with mainland Armenia. [21]
For almost three decades, multiple violations of the ceasefire have occurred, the most serious incidents prior to the current conflict being the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes. [22] Long-standing international mediation attempts to create a peace process were initiated by the OSCE Minsk Group in 1994, with the interrupted Madrid Principles being the most recent iteration. [23] [24] [25] While it is unclear how the present inhabitants of the area want to administer the territory, surveys indicate that they do not want to be part of Azerbaijan. In August 2019, in an unprecedented declaration in favour of unification, the Armenian Prime Minister, Nikol Pashinyan, visited Nagorno-Karabakh, stating, "Artsakh is Armenia, full stop". [20]
Skirmishes occurred on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan in July 2020. [22] Thousands of Azerbaijanis demonstrated for war to retake the occupied territories in response, with Turkey increasing its support of Azerbaijan. [26]
The Azerbaijani forces started operations along the Aras River on 27 September, with advancements in Jabrayil and Fuzuli districts, and the initial objective to seize control of Cəbrayıl and Füzuli. [27] On 9 October, both sides agreed to a temporary humanitarian ceasefire. Shortly after the ceasefire, the President of Artsakh admitted Azerbaijan had been able to achieve some success, moving the front deep into Artsakh territory; [28] the Armenian Prime Minister announced that Armenian forces had conducted a "partial retreat". [29]
However, the ceasefire quickly broke down with both sides accusing each other for breaking it. Following the collapse of the ceasefire, Azerbaijani advance continued. Within days Azerbaijan announced the capture of dozens of villages. [30] The Azerbaijani forces, advancing more along the Aras River, captured the Khodaafarin Bridges and the nearby dam. [31] On 20 October, the Azerbaijani forces took control of Zəngilan, just south of Qubadlı, [32] and on 22 October, Ağbənd, thus taking full control over the Azerbaijan–Iran border. [33]
On 23 October, the clashes spilled to Qubadlı. [34] In the evening, the Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev stated that Azerbaijani forces had control of Zilanlı, Kürd Mahrızlı, Muğanlı, and Alaqurşaq in Qubadli District. [35] The Azerbaijani MoD also released supposed confirmatory footage from one of the villages. [36] Shortly after, Artsakh authorities stated that Azerbaijani forces were attacking Laçın. [37] The following day, clashes over Qubadlı yet again continued. [38] At approximately midday, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that the Armenian forces were shelling Lachin District from the territory of Armenia; [39] Armenia issued a denial and stated that Laçın was under Artsakh control. [40] A BBC Russian Service correspondent confirmed that the city of Laçın was occupied by the Armenians, but was under heavy Azerbaijani shelling. [41]
On 25 October, the clashes continued with varying intensity, with the Azerbaijani MoD stating that its forces had seized control of further territory. [42] At night, the Azerbaijani president stated that Azerbaijani forces had seized control of Qubadlı, the administrative center of Gubadly District; Azerbaijan released confirmary footage. [43] Subsequently, the Armenian MoD stated that heavy clashes were occurring. [44] In the evening, the United States announced that both sides had agreed to a humanitarian ceasefire from the morning of 26 October. [45] In the morning, the ceasefire collapsed. [46] According to Azerbaijan, Armenian forces started shelling at 08:05, while according to Armenia, Azerbaijani artillery commenced shelling Armenian positions at 08:45. [47] Subsequently, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that Armenian forces were firing upon Azerbaijani positions in Səfiyan in Lachin District. The Artsakh authorities and the Armenian prime minister stated that they were "strictly observing" the ceasefire. [48] [49]
On 26 October, in midday, the president of Azerbaijan stated that Azerbaijani forces had seized control of Padar, Əfəndilər, Yusifbəyli, Çay Tumas, Xanlıq, Sarıyataq, and Mollabürhan in Qubadli District [50] along the Hakari Valley. [51] Armenian authorities confirmed that Azerbaijani forces had launched an offensive in the region. [52] At approximately 15:30, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that Armenian forces were shelling Aghjabadi District. [53] In the evening, the Armenian MoD stated that the Azerbaijani shelling had drastically intensified, [54] and the Artsakh authorities stated that the Azerbaijanis were continuing to launch new offensives, [55] while the Azerbaijani MoD released footage, apparently from Padar. [56] Subsequently, the Armenian authorities admitted that they had lost Qubadlı, [57] and that the Azerbaijani forces had reached the Armenia–Azerbaijan border in south. [58] Also, the Azerbaijani MoD released footage from Xanlıq. [59]
On 27 October, the Armenian MoD stated that the Azerbaijani forces were shelling Laçın; Azerbaijan issued a denial. [60] On 29 October, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev stated that the Azerbaijani forces had seized control of Qiyaslı, Əbılcə, and Qilican in Qubadli District. [61] Two days later, the Azerbaijani MoD released footage from newly captured villages in Hakari Valley. [62] On 2 November, clashes continued near Qubadlı, [63] with the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev stating that the Azerbaijani forces had seized control of İşıqlı, Muradxanlı, and Milanlı in Qubadli District later in the day. [64] On 4 November, the clashes continued near Qubadlı [65] and Lachin [66] Subsequently, the Armenian forces closed the Shusha–Lachin road for civilians. [67] The President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, stated that the Azerbaijani forces had seized control of several villages. [68] Next day, the Armenian authorities stated that Lachin was heavily shelled overnight. [69]
As of 26 October, the Azerbaijani authorities claimed that they had inflicted heavy losses on Armenian forces, but did not provide specific numbers. [11] On 23 October, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, confirmed that the National Hero of Azerbaijan, Shukur Hamidov had died during the operations in Qubadli District. [70]
As of 26 October, the Azerbaijani authorities stated that their forces had downed three combat aircraft. [11]
Lachin is a town in Azerbaijan and the administrative centre of the Lachin District. It is located within the strategic Lachin corridor, which linked the region of Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia.
Qacar is a village in the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan.
Yuxarı Veysəlli is a former village in the current Khojavend District of Azerbaijan. Before its abolition, the village was part of the Veysalli Rural administrative division of the Fuzuli District. By the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated December 5, 2023, Yuxari Veysalli was abolished, and its territory was transferred to the Khojavend District.
Zabukh or Aghavno is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan. The village came under the control of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh after 1992 and was renamed Aghavno and settled by Armenians. Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Zabukh came under the control of the Russian peacekeeping forces in Nagorno-Karabakh. On 26 August 2022, Azerbaijan regained control of Zabukh along with other settlements located along the former route of the Lachin corridor, including Lachin and Sus.
Sus is a village in Lachin District of Azerbaijan. It was formerly under the supervision of the Russian peacekeeping force following the ceasefire agreement that ended the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. The village came under the de facto control of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh from 1992–2022, is administrated as part of its Kashatagh Province, and is de jure part of the Lachin District of Azerbaijan. As of 26 August 2022, Azerbaijan regained control of villages in the Lachin corridor, including Lachin, Sus, and Zabukh.
Qorçu is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan. The village is 64 kilometres away from Lachin, and is 1,884 meters above sea level. It is located near a large forested area.
Gazyan is a village in the Qubadli District of Azerbaijan.
Balasoltanlı is a village in the Qubadli District of Azerbaijan.
Divanalılar is a village in the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan. The village had an Azerbaijani majority prior to their expulsion during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. It was under the control of Armenian forces of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. However, it was announced to be recaptured by the Azerbaijani Army on November 7, 2020.
Qiyaslı is a village in the Qubadli District of Azerbaijan.
The Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh were areas of Azerbaijan, situated around the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), which were occupied by the ethnic Armenian military forces of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh with military support from Armenia, from the end of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994) to 2020, when the territories were returned to Azerbaijani control by military force or handed over in accordance to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement. The surrounding regions were seized by Armenians under the justification of a "security belt" which was to be traded for recognition of autonomous status from Azerbaijan.
Yuxarı Məzrə is a former village in the current Khojavend District of Azerbaijan. Before its abolition, the village was part of the Sarijali Rural administrative division of the Jabrayil District. By the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated December 5, 2023, Yukhary Mazra was abolished, and its territory transferred to Khojavend District.
The Lachin corridor was a mountain road in Azerbaijan that linked Armenia and Karabakh.
The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding occupied territories. It was a major escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region, involving Azerbaijan, Armenia and the self-declared Armenian breakaway state of Artsakh. The war lasted for 44 days and resulted in Azerbaijani victory, with the defeat igniting anti-government protests in Armenia. Post-war skirmishes continued in the region, including substantial clashes in 2022.
This is an account of engagements which occurred during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, primarily based on announcements from the belligerents. The war has been characterized by the use of armoured warfare; drone warfare, especially the use of Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2 and Israeli loitering munition Harop drones; heavy artillery; rocket attacks; and trench warfare. It has also featured the deployment of cluster munitions, which are banned by the majority of the international community but not by Armenia or Azerbaijan: Azerbaijan states that Armenia has deployed cluster munitions against civilians, and international third parties have confirmed evidence of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh. A series of ballistic missile attacks have inflicted mass civilian casualties in Ganja, Azerbaijan, while civilian residences and infrastructure in Stepanakert, and elsewhere have been targeted, inflicting casualties and causing extensive damage.
The Battle of Hadrut began in early October 2020 in Hadrut and its surrounding villages and heights, now seat of Khojavend District, Azerbaijan, and earlier controlled by the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and was part of Hadrut Province.
Aras Valley campaign was a military operation launched by Azerbaijan against the breakaway Republic of Artsakh along the Aras River in the Azerbaijan–Iran border during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.
The Victory Day is a public holiday in Azerbaijan that is celebrated on 8 November, in commemoration of Azerbaijani victory in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Established by the decree of the President of Azerbaijan from 2 December 2020, the holiday is celebrated on the day of the recapture of Shusha. It is a non-working holiday.
The Memorial Day in Azerbaijan is a public holiday in Azerbaijan for honoring and mourning the military personnel who have died while serving in the Azerbaijani Armed Forces during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, officially labelled as The Patriotic War. Established by the decree of the President of Azerbaijan, dated 2 December 2020, the holiday is held on 27 September, the day when the war began.
In the aftermath of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, peacekeeping operations were initiated by Russia in the Nagorno-Karabakh region to monitor the ceasefire between the Armenian and Azerbaijani forces. Separate from the Russian operation, Turkey also has personnel working in a joint Russian–Turkish monitoring centre.
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan, President Ilham Aliyev congratulated Chief of the State Border Service (SBS), Colonel General Elchin Guliyev on raising the Azerbaijani flag over the Khudafarin bridge, liberating several residential settlements with the participation of the SBS, and instructed to convey his congratulations to all personnel. Colonel General Elchin Guliyev reported that the State Border Service personnel will continue to decently fulfill all the tasks set by the Commander-in-Chief.
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ignored (help)There are now about 600,000 registered Azerbaijani IDPs – roughly 40,000 from Nagorno-Karabakh and 560,000 from the surrounding seven occupied districts.
The Azerbaijani offensive against Armenian forces is its most ambitious since the war between the two sides formally ended in 1994.