Lasianthus

Last updated

Lasianthus
Lasianthus fordii Liu Qiu Ji Shi Shu (Tian Wen ).jpg
Lasianthus fordii
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Rubioideae
Tribe: Lasiantheae
Genus: Lasianthus
Jack 1823
Type species
Lasianthus cyanocarpus
Jack
Species

About 260 species. See text.

Synonyms [1]
  • Dasus Lour. (1790), nom. rej.
  • Dressleriopsis Dwyer (1980)
  • Litosanthes Blume (1823)
  • Mephitidia Reinw. ex Blume (1823)
  • Octavia DC. (1830)
  • Santia Wight & Arn. (1834), nom. illeg.

Lasianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are tropical subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. They inhabit the understory of primary forests.

Contents

Lasianthus has about 180 species. The type species for the genus is Lasianthus cyanocarpus .  [2] In 2012, a revision of Lasianthus in Malesia described 131 species. [3] Another 30 or so species grow elsewhere in tropical Asia. [4] Most of these are described in Flora of China [5] or in A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon . [6] 14 or 15 species are native to the Western Ghats of southwestern India, including the endemic Lasianthus agasthyamalayanus . [7] Fifteen species [8] or perhaps as many as 20 species [9] are known from tropical Africa. Two species (Lasianthus panamensis and Lasianthus lanceolatus), [10] or possibly three, are native to the neotropics. [8] Lasianthus strigosus, from Queensland, is the only species known from Australia. The Australian Ixora baileyana had at one time been placed in Lasianthus as Lasianthus graciliflorus. [11]

Dried specimens of Lasianthus often shed their flowers and fruit. For this reason, misidentification is common, even in herbaria.

The name Lasianthus has been misapplied to Lisianthius (also spelled as "Lisianthus" or "Lisyanthus" [12] ), a genus in Gentianaceae. Lasianthus alatus Aublet is a misspelling of Lisyanthus alatus Aublet, a species now placed in Chelonanthus .

Species

As of March 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: [1]

Description

Subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. - Leaves opposite, distichous. Stipules interpetiolar, usually persistent. - Inflorescences axillary, usually sessile. Flowers small, white. - Calyx with 3 to 6 teeth or lobes; persistent. Corolla with 4 to 6 lobes; throat usually villous. - Stamens 4 to 6, inserted on corolla throat. Anthers dorsifixed. - Stigma with lanceolate or linear lobes. Ovary multilocular. - Ovules basal, erect, 1 per locule. - Fruit a small drupe, usually blue. Pyrenes with thick walls.

History

The generic name Lasianthus is derived from the Greek lasios, "shaggy, velvety, hairy", and anthos, "flower". [13] The genus was named by William Jack in 1823. [14] [15]

Some authors have recognized Dressleriopsis and Litosanthes as genera separate from Lasianthus. Dressleriopsis was sunk into Lasianthus in 1982. [10]

Litosanthes was erected by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1823. It was synonymized under Lasianthus in 1992. [16] DNA sequence analysis has not resolved the question of whether Litosanthes is nested within Lasianthus or separate from it.

Affinities

Lasianthus, Saldinia , and Trichostachys form the tribe Lasiantheae in the subfamily Rubioideae. Perama is related to this group and might be included within it. [17] Lasiantheae was formerly thought to be close to Psychotria , but is now known to be a basal clade in Rubioideae. It is sister to the large clade containing Coussarea , Psychotria, Spermacoce , and many other genera. [18]

Saprosma and Amaracarpus were traditionally thought to be close to Lasianthus. Saprosma is polyphyletic, with only part of it related to Lasianthus. [17] Amaracarpus is close to Psychotria. The African genera Batopedina and Dirichletia have also been suggested as relatives of Lasianthus.

Taxonomy

Only one molecular phylogenetic study has sampled more than a few species from the tribe Lasiantheae. In that study, 11 species of Lasianthus were sampled, but few relationships were resolved. [17]

In 2012, a revision of the Malesian species divided Lasianthus into 3 sections, based on the following type species: L. section Stipulares ( Lasianthus stipularis ), L. section Lasianthus ( Lasianthus cyanocarpus ), and L. section Nudiflorae ( Lasianthus blumeanus ). [3] They did not recognize L. section Pedunculatae ( Lasianthus biermanii ), which some previous authors had recognized. They considered it to be indistinguishable from L. section Lasianthus.

Related Research Articles

<i>Mitrephora</i> Genus of plant in the family Annonaceae

Mitrephora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae, that are native to an area that extends from China in the north to Queensland. Plants in the genus Mitrephora are also found in southern India and Southeast Asia.

<i>Canthium</i> Genus of plants

Canthium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.

<i>Polyalthia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Polyalthia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. There are approximately 90 species distributed from Africa to Asia and the Pacific.

Prismatomeris is a genus of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It includes 17 species native to the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, southern China, and western Malesia.

<i>Psydrax</i> Genus of flowering plants

Psydrax is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.

<i>Saprosma</i> Genus of plants

Saprosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are about 40 species distributed from south China to tropical Asia.

<i>Urophyllum</i> Genus of plants

Urophyllum is a genus of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to from south China to Tropical Asia. The genus was established by Nathaniel Wallich in 1824.

<i>Salacia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Salacia is a genus of plants in the family Celastraceae. They are woody climbers naturally found in tropical regions.

<i>Argostemma</i> Genus of flowering plants

Argostemma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It can be found in (sub)tropical Asia and western and west-central tropical Africa.

Hedyotis (starviolet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species of this genus such as Hedyotis biflora, H. corymbosa and H. diffusa are well known medicinal plants. Hedyotis is native to tropical and subtropical Asia and to islands of the northwest Pacific. It comprises about 115 species. The type species for the genus is Hedyotis fruticosa.

<i>Mycetia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Mycetia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It includes 54 species, ranging from the Indian subcontinent through Indochina, southern China, and Malesia to New Guinea.

<i>Mussaenda</i> Genus of flowering plants

Mussaenda is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are native to the African and Asian tropics and subtropics. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants.

<i>Macrosolen</i> Genus of mistletoes

Macrosolen is a genus of plants in the family Loranthaceae. It includes about 83 species all over the world with ca. 40 species widely distributed in tropical South and Southeast Asia. Some species were described by de Loureiro, Lecomte, Danser (1938) and Hô (2003).

Ridsdalea is an Asian genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae; it was named after Dr. Colin Ernest Ridsdale (1944–2017), who was an English botanist and specialist in tropical plants and the Rubiaceae family. The type species is Ridsdalea grandis(Korth.) J.T.Pereira, which was renamed from the basionym Gardenia grandis. Several other species have been reassigned from other genera: notably Rothmannia, which is now reserved for African species. Its native range is southern China, Indo-China, Malesia and New Guinea.

<i>Monoon</i> Genus of flowering plants

Monoon is a genus of plants in the family Annonaceae and the tribe Miliuseae. Species have been recorded from the Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia, New Guinea and Australia, with introductions in West Africa. A number of species have been moved here from the genus Polyalthia.

Hypobathrum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae.

References

  1. 1 2 "Lasianthus Jack". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  2. ↑ Lasianthus In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
  3. 1 2 Hua Zhu, Marco C. Roos, and Colin E. Ridsdale. 2012. "A taxonomic revision of the Malesian species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae)". Blumea57(1):1-102. doi : 10.3767/000651912X652012
  4. ↑ Debendra B. Deb and Mohan G. Gagnopadhyay. 1991. "Taxonomic study of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) in India". Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany15(2):265-308.
  5. ↑ Hua Zhu and Charlotte M. Taylor. 2011. Lasianthus, pages 185-198. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, and Hong Deyuan (editors). 1994 onward. Flora of China, vol. 19: Cucurbitaceae - Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press: Beijing, China; and Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St. Louis, MO, USA. ISBN   978-1-935641-04-9 (vol. 19) ISBN   978-0-915279-34-0 (set). (See External links below).
  6. ↑ Colin E. Ridsdale. 1998. Rubiaceae, pages 141-343. In: Meliyasena D. Dassanayake and William D. Clayton (editors). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, vol. 12. ISBN   978-90-5410-270-0 (vol.12) (See External links below).
  7. ↑ Jagadeesan Raveendran, Sam Paul Mathew, Gangaprasad Appukuttannair, and Ettickal Sukumaran Santhosh Kumar Lasianthus agasthyamalayanus (Rubiaceae), a New Species from the Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India," Annales Botanici Fennici 55(1–3), 87-91, (1 May 2018). https://doi.org/10.5735/085.055.0110
  8. 1 2 David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN   978-0-521-82071-4
  9. ↑ Bernard Verdcourt. 1976. Lasianthus. pages 134-145. In: Rubiaceae (part 1). In: Roger M. Polhill (editor). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Agents for Oversea (sic) Governments and Administration. London, U.K. (See External links below).
  10. 1 2 Elmar Robbrecht. 1982. "The identity of the Panamanian genus Dressleriopsis (Rubiaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden69(2):427-429.
  11. ↑ Laurie G. Adams, Diane M. Bridson, and Elmar Robbrecht. 1987. "The Identity of Lasianthus graciliflorus Bailey (Rubiaceae)". Kew Bulletin42(1):209-214.
  12. ↑ Lena Struwe. undated. Gentian Research Network (website). (See External links below0.
  13. ↑ Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume II. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. ISBN   978-0-8493-2676-9 (vol. II). (see External links below).
  14. ↑ Lasianthus in International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
  15. ↑ William Jack. !823. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London14:125. (See External links below).
  16. ↑ Mohan G. Gagnopadhyay and T. Chakrabarty. 1992. "A note on the status of Litosanthes Bl. (Rubiaceae)". Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany16(2):337-338.
  17. 1 2 3 Long-Qian Xiao and Hua Zhu. 2007. "Paraphyly and phylogenetic relationships in Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) inferred from chloroplast rps16 data". Botanical Studies48(2):227-232. (See External links below).
  18. ↑ Catarina Rydin, Kent Kainulainen, Sylvain G Razafimandimbison, Jenny E E Smedmark, and Birgitta Bremer. 2009. "Deep divergences in the coffee family and the systematic position of Acranthera". Plant Systematics and Evolution278(1-2):101-123. doi : 10.1007/s00606-008-0138-4
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.