Scotch bent-wing | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Lyonetiidae |
Genus: | Leucoptera |
Species: | L. sinuella |
Binomial name | |
Leucoptera sinuella (Reutti, 1853) | |
Synonyms | |
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Leucoptera sinuella, also known as the scotch bent-wing, [1] is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is found in most of Europe, except Ireland, the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean Islands. [2] It is also found in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) and North Africa. It is also invasive to South America, mainly in Argentina and Chile, and has been present there since 2015. [3] [4] [5]
Eggs are deposited on the upperside of the leaf, mostly in groups of 5–10 along a vein. Although rare, a single egg can also be deposited. The empty shells are flat, circular and shining. [1]
The larvae have a head and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles, and six thoracic and abdominal legs. [7]
The larvae feed on Populus alba , Populus candicans , Populus deltoides , Populus gileadensis , Populus nigra , Populus tremula , Salix aurita , Salix caprea , Salix cinerea , Salix fragilis , Salix purpurea . [1]
A larva forms a large, black-centred blotch on the upper surface of a leaf before mining the leaves of their host plant. There are sometimes several larvae to a leaf as mines may merge. [1] [8]
The pupae have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths. [7]
Pupation is solitary and external, under a conspicuous white spinning in the shape of the letter "H". [1] Pupation occurs mostly on the leaf. There is an exit slit in the upper epidermis. [9]
Manduca sexta is a moth of the family Sphingidae present through much of the Americas. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 Centuria Insectorum.
Furcula furcula, the sallow kitten, is a moth from the family Notodontidae. It was first described by the Swedish entomologist Carl Alexander Clerck in 1759 from a specimen found in Sweden.
The hornet moth or hornet clearwing is a large moth native to Europe and the Middle East and has been introduced to North America. Its protective coloration is an example of Batesian mimicry, as its similarity to a hornet makes it unappealing to predators. The hornet moth has been linked to the large dieback of poplar trees across Europe because its larvae bore into the trunk of the tree before re-emerging as adults.
Spodoptera littoralis, also referred to as the African cotton leafworm or Egyptian cotton leafworm or Mediterranean brocade, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. S. littoralis is found widely in Africa, Mediterranean Europe and Middle Eastern countries. It is a highly polyphagous organism that is a pest of many cultivated plants and crops. As a result, this species was assigned the label of A2 quarantine pest by the EPPO and was cautioned as a highly invasive species in the United States. The devastating impacts caused by these pests have led to the development of both biological and chemical control methods. This moth is often confused with Spodoptera litura.
Argyresthia pygmaeella is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775 from a specimen found near Vienna, Austria
Coleophora lusciniaepennella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in most of Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean islands and most of the Balkan Peninsula and Russia. It occurs in forest-steppe biotopes.
The March dagger moth is a moth of the subfamily Chimabachinae. It is found in Europe and was first described by Michael Denis & Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.
Anacampsis populella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae, which is native to Europe and has been accidentally introduced to North America. It was first described in 1759 by Carl Alexander Clerck, a Swedish entomologist. The type specimen is from Sweden. The foodplants of the larvae are poplars and willows.
Eriocrania chrysolepidella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the German entomologist, Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1851. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeam.
Stigmella salicis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae which is found in Europe. It was first described by the English entomologist, Henry Stainton in 1854. The type locality is from England.
Stigmella obliquella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae which feeds on willow and can be found in Asia and Europe. It was first described by Hermann von Heinemann in 1862.
Stigmella ogygia is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1889. It is endemic to New Zealand and is found in the North, South and Stewart Islands. This species inhabits the margins of native forest where its larval plant host species are found. Eggs are laid singly on the upper side of the host plant leaf and the larva burrows directly through the bottom of the egg into the leaf-substance. The larvae mine the leaves of Senecio species including Senecio biserratus and Senecio minimus, as well as the leaves of Brachyglottis turneri. The larva emerges from its mine and pupates on the ground near of the larval host plant. Adults are day flying and have been recorded on the wing in March, July and from September to December. There are probably continuous generations throughout the year.
Leucoptera lotella is a moth in the Lyonetiidae family. It is found from Denmark to Portugal, Italy and Croatia, and from Great Britain to Poland and Hungary. External image The wingspan is 5–6 mm. The forewings are light shining metallic grey; apical half beyond an oblique line orange, enclosing two white dark -edged costal spots, and a post-tornal pale golden spot partly black-edged anteriorly and followed by a coppery black apical spot; a black vertical bar in cilia at apex, a bar before and two diverging bars beyond it, penultimate directed upwards. Hindwings are rather dark grey. The larva is yellow-whitish; head and plate of 2 pale brown
Synanthedon formicaeformis, the red-tipped clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae and can be found in all of Europe, the eastern Palearctic realm, and the Near East. The larvae sometimes form pear-shaped galls on willows. It was first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1783.
Synanthedon flaviventris, the sallow clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. The larvae form pear-shaped galls on sallows.
Phratora vitellinae, the brassy leaf beetle, formerly Phyllodecta vitellinae, is a beetle of the family Chrysomelidae found in Europe and Asia. It feeds on Populus and Salix species. The evolution of its host plant preferences and the mechanism by which it uses host plant chemicals to make a larval defensive secretion have been the subject of intense study by research groups in Europe and the Nordic countries.
Euura proxima is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed on the leaves of willows, creating galls. It was described by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1823. The species was placed in the genus Euura in 2014 and was previously known as Nematus proximus and Pontania proxima.
Clostera restitura is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in Oriental tropics of India, Sri Lanka, and from Hong Kong to Sundaland.
Euura vesicator is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed internally in a gall on the leaves of purple willow and its hybrids. It was first described by Johann Jacob Bremi-Wolf in 1849.
Celypha woodiana also known as the mistletoe marble is a moth of the family Tortricidae found in Europe. In Great Britain the moth is a priority species in the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan. The species was described by Charles Golding Barrett who named it in honour of John Henry Wood.