Levantina | |
---|---|
Shell of Levantina spiriplana (syntype at MNHN, Paris) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
Order: | Stylommatophora |
Family: | Helicidae |
Subfamily: | Helicinae |
Tribe: | Helicini |
Genus: | Levantina Kobelt, 1871 |
Type species | |
Helix spiriplana Olivier, 1801 | |
Synonyms | |
|
Levantina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicinae of the family Helicidae, the typical snails. [1]
Large rock-dwelling land snails with flatted or less often broadly conical shells, some species or populations with an umbilicus. The shell is keeled in some species, at least in juveniles.
The natural distribution range of Levantina stretches from the central Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey soutwards to Israel and Jordan and eastwards to the Alborz Mountains in northern Iran [2] [3] and the Kermanshah Province in western Iran [4] . One species lives on Cyprus, and four have been described from the mountains in the west of Arabian Peninsula. [5]
The L. spiriplana complex has been introduced to Cyprus and the eastern Aegean. [3]
The species-level taxonomy of Levantina is unsettled, because molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial genes [3] found many of the species recognized by morphological revisions [6] [2] [7] [5] to be very closely related. The real number of species may thus be lower than currently assumed.
Levantina longinqua is an enigmatic taxon where only the original series is known. It was allegedly collected south-east of Samarqand, Uzbekistan [2] [8] . That would be the eastern-most natural occurrence of any helicid, but a confirmation is needed.
Levantina semitecta from the northwest of Saudi Arabia is known only from shells. [5]
For several species (L. longinqua, L. mahanica, L. ninivita, L. semitecta), there are no sequence data whatsoever (as of 2023).
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of western Palaearctic, medium to large-sized, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." It includes some of the largest European land snails, several species are common in anthropogenic habitats, and some became invasive on other continents. A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including Cornu aspersum the brown or garden snail, and Helix pomatia. The biologies of these two species in particular have been thoroughly studied and documented.
Codringtonia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.
Bothriembryontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.
Monacha is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.
Xerocrassa seetzeni is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae.
Schileykula is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. All of the species and subspecies in this genus inhabit Turkey, with the exception of the subspecies Schileykula scyphus crass, which lives in Iran.
Orculella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. The genus Orculella occurs in the whole Mediterranean region. The richest areas in terms of species are Turkey and the Middle East, the Aegean Islands and Libya (Cyrenaica). A few species inhabit Southern Spain, Sicily and northeastern Africa.
Caucasotachea is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Helicidae.
Rossmaessleria is a genus of land snails in the subfamily Helicinae of the family Helicidae.
Xeropicta krynickii is a terrestrial species of gastropods belonging to the family Geomitridae.
Aristena rechingeri is a species of terrestrial gastropod belonging to the family Helicidae.
Helix pronuba is a species of large, air-breathing land snail in the subfamily Helicinae of the family Helicidae.
Lindholmia is a genus of large terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae, the typical snails. It has two known species distributed in northwestern Turkey and southern Georgia. The shell is globular, with narrow dark bands.