Lichenomphalia umbellifera

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Lichenomphalia umbellifera
Lichenomphalia umbellifera - Lindsey 1a.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Hygrophoraceae
Genus: Lichenomphalia
Species:
L. umbellifera
Binomial name
Lichenomphalia umbellifera
(L.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (2002)
Synonyms [1]
  • Agaricus umbelliferusL. (1753)
  • Byssus botryoidesL. (1753)
  • Lichen botryoides(L.) Neck. (1771)
  • Tremella botryoides(L.) Schreb. (1771)
  • Lepra botryoides(L.) F.H.Wigg. (1780)
  • Agaricus epiphyllus Bull. (1792)
  • Agaricus ericetorum Pers. (1796)
  • Merulius umbelliferus(L.) With. (1796)
  • Phytoconis botryoides(L.) Bory (1797)
  • Lepraria botryoides(L.) Ach. (1798)
  • Palmella botryoides(L.) Lyngb. (1819)
  • Micromphale ericetorum(Pers.) Gray (1821)
  • Merulius turfosusPers. (1825)
  • Agaricus androsaceusPers. (1828)
  • Botrydina vulgaris Bréb. (1839)
  • Omphalia umbellifera(L.) P.Kumm. (1871)
  • Clitocybe ericetorum(Pers.) Fr. (1872)
  • Omphalina umbellifera(L.) Quél. (1886)
  • Omphalia umbellifera var. nivea Rea (1922)
  • Omphalia umbellifera f. albida J.E.Lange (1930)
  • Omphalia umbellifera f. bispora F.H.Møller (1945)
  • Omphalia ericetorum(Pers.) S.Lundell (1949)
  • Omphalina ericetorum(Pers.) M.Lange (1955)
  • Clitocybe umbellifera(L.) H.E.Bigelow (1959)
  • Gerronema ericetorum(Pers.) Singer (1973)
  • Botrydina botryoides(L.) Redhead & Kuyper (1987)
  • Phytoconis ericetorum(Pers.) Redhead & Kuyper (1988)
  • Gerronema ericetorum f. bisporum(F.H. Møller) Bon (1997)
  • Lichenomphalia umbellifera f. bispora(F.H.Møller) P.-A.Moreau & Courtec. (2008)
  • Lichenomphalia ericetorum(Pers.) Voitk, Thorn & I. Saar

Lichenomphalia umbellifera, also known as the lichen agaric or the green-pea mushroom lichen, [2] [3] is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It forms a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae in the genus Coccomyxa. [2] [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Agaricus umbelliferus. [5] It was transferred to Lichenomphalia in 2002. [6]

L. umbellifera has a wide geographic range and displays a considerable amount of phenotypic plasticity, but phylogenetic research has confirmed that these populations represent a single species. Two related taxa have been described in the genus Lichenomphalia, but are yet unnamed. [4]

Description

The mushroom is white to yellowish-tan and hygrophanous, and occurs throughout most of the year on damp soil and rotting wood. Its cap grows up to 3 cm wide. Its stalk is 1–3 cm tall and 1–3 mm wide. The spores are white or yellowish, [7] producing a white spore print. [8]

It is regarded as nonpoisonous [9] but its small size incites little culinary interest. [10]

Similar species

L. grisella is uncommon and has a brown cap. [8]

Other similar species include Chromosera cyanophylla , Chrysomphalina aurantiaca, Chrysomphalina chrysophylla , Contumyces rosellus, and Rickenella fibula . [7]

Distribution and habitat

It can be found in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the region of the Arctic. [11] In the North American Pacific Northwest, it is common and can be found northward from Santa Cruz. [2]

References

  1. ↑ "Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys, Mycotaxon 83: 38 (2002)". CAB International. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
  2. 1 2 3 Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (2016). Mushrooms of the redwood coast : a comprehensive guide to the fungi of coastal northern California (First ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN   978-1-60774-817-5. OCLC   914339418.
  3. ↑ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  4. 1 2 Geml, József; Kauff, Frank; Brochmann, Christian; Lutzoni, François; Laursen, Gary A.; Redhead, Scott A.; Taylor, D. Lee (March 2012). "Frequent circumarctic and rare transequatorial dispersals in the lichenised agaric genus Lichenomphalia (Hygrophoraceae, Basidiomycota)" . Fungal Biology. 116 (3): 388–400. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.009. PMID   22385621.
  5. ↑ Linnaeus C. (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin). Stockholm: Salvius. p. 1175.
  6. ↑ Redhead SA, Lutzoni F, Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R (2002). "Phylogeny of agarics: Partial systematics solutions for core omphalinoid genera in the Agaricales (euagarics)". Mycotaxon. 83: 19–57.
  7. 1 2 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 171. ISBN   978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC   797915861.
  8. 1 2 Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 408. ISBN   978-0-593-31998-7.
  9. ↑ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 188. ISBN   978-0-7627-3109-1.
  10. ↑ Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. p. 223. ISBN   978-0-89815-170-1.
  11. ↑ Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 131–132. ISBN   978-0-88192-935-5.


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