List of Coraciiformes by population

Last updated

This is a list of Coraciiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

Contents

This list is incomprehensive, as not all Coraciiformes have had their numbers quantified.

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 186 species of Coraciiformes. [1] [2] This list follows IUCN classifications for species names. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names are noted.

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Guam kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus0 [3] EW [3] NA [3] Last wild individual was observed in 1988. [3]

There are approximately 135 individuals currently held in captivity. [4]

Micronesian Kingfisher 1644.jpg
Sangihe dwarf kingfisher Ceyx sangirensis1-249 [5] CR [5] Decrease2.svg [5] Ceyx fallax sangirensis.jpg
Javan blue-banded kingfisher Alcedo euryzona50-249 [6] CR [6] Decrease2.svg [6] Note that IOC taxonomy splits an additional species, the Malaysian blue-banded kingfisher, from this species. [2] IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within A. euryzona. [7] Alcedo euryzona.jpg
Tuamotu kingfisher

(Mangareva kingfisher)

Todiramphus gambieri100-150 [8] CR [8] Steady2.svg [8] Surveys in 2019 estimated 173 individuals in total. [8]

Note that IOC taxonomy splits an additional species, the Niau kingfisher, from this species. [2] IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within T. gambieri. [7]

Niau Kingfisher, Iles Tuamotu-Gambier, PF imported from iNaturalist photo 395654989.jpg
Marquesas kingfisher

(Marquesan kingfisher)

Todiramphus godeffroyi350 [9] CR [9] Decrease2.svg [9] Numbered 695 in 2003. Numbered approximately 350 mature individuals in 2014. [9] Marquesan kingfisher (Todiramphus godeffroyi) - crop.png
Kofiau paradise kingfisher Tanysiptera ellioti350 - 1,500 [10] NT [10] Decrease2.svg [10] Population is considered "very unlikely to number fewer than 1,000 mature individuals." [10] Alcedinidae - Tanysiptera ellioti (Kofiau paradise kingfisher).JPG
Sula dwarf kingfisher Ceyx wallacii580-5,800 [11] NT [11] Decrease2.svg [11] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,500-5,000. [11] A monograph of the Alcedinidae (19838261011) (cropped).jpg
Southern indigo-banded kingfisher Ceyx nigrirostris1,000-2,499 [12] NT [12] Decrease2.svg [12] Note that IOC taxonomy maintains this species as a single species with the Northern indigo-banded kingfisher under C. cyanopectus, as indigo-banded kingfisher. [2] Ibkf4.jpg
Manus dwarf kingfisher Ceyx dispar1,100-5,600 [13] NT [13] Decrease2.svg [13] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,500-5,000. Total population is estimated to be 1,700-8,500 individuals. [13]
Northern silvery kingfisher Ceyx flumenicola1,200-6,000 [14] NT [14] Decrease2.svg [14] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,500-5,000. Total population is estimated to be 1,800-9,000 individuals. [14] Northernsilvery.jpg
Moustached kingfisher Actenoides bougainvillei1,300-7,000 [15] LC [15] Decrease2.svg [15] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,500-5,000. [15] ActenoidesBougainvilleiKeulemans.jpg
Southern silvery kingfisher Ceyx argentatus1,300-13,000 [16] NT [16] Decrease2.svg [16] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,500-9,999. Total population is estimated to be 2,000-20,000 individuals. [16] KIRKAMON-SOUTHERN SILVERY KINGFISHER.jpg
Keel-billed motmot Electron carinatum1,500-7,000 [17] VU [17] Decrease2.svg [17] Keel-billed Motmot 2496248190.jpg
Scaly ground-roller Geobiastes squamiger1,500-7,000 [18] VU [18] Decrease2.svg [18] Scaly-ground roller (Geobiastes squamiger).jpg
Azure dollarbird Eurystomus azureus1,500-7,000 [19] NT [19] Decrease2.svg [19] Possibly up to 2,500-9,999 individuals based on an assessment of known records, descriptions of abundance and range size. [19] 2015-09-13 Eurystomus azureus, Halmahera Timur, Indonesia.jpg
Palau kingfisher

(Rusty-capped kingfisher)

Todiramphus pelewensis2,100-3,300 [20] NT [20] ? [20] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,700.

Total population is estimated to be ~ 4,100 individuals. [20]

Palau Kingfisher (cropped).jpg
Mangaia kingfisher

(Mewing kingfisher)

Todiramphus ruficollaris2,100-3,500 [21] LC [21] Steady2.svg [21] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,700. May have been underestimated in previous surveys. [21] Mewing kingfisher 2.jpg
Bismarck kingfisher Ceyx websteri2,500-9,999 [22] VU [22] Decrease2.svg [22] Ceyx websteri - Bismarck Kingfisher - photo by Kai Squires (cropped).jpeg
Rufous-lored kingfisher

(Winchell's kingfisher)

Todiramphus winchelli2,500-9,999 [23] VU [24] Decrease2.svg [24] Values given are a preliminary estimate from this species' 2016 assessment. [23]

Current 2025 assessment lists the population as "unknown." [24]

Rufous-lored Kingfisher (cropped).jpg
New Britain kingfisher

(White-mantled kingfisher)

Todiramphus albonotatus2,500-9,999 [25] NT [25] Decrease2.svg [25] Todiramphus albonotatus 50661529.jpeg
Numfor paradise-kingfisher Tanysiptera carolinae2,500-9,999 [26] NT [26] Decrease2.svg [26] Tanysiptera carolinae.png
Blue-black kingfisher Todiramphus nigrocyaneus2,500-9,999 [27] NT [27] Decrease2.svg [27] Blue-black kingfisher (Todiramphus nigrocyaneus) (cropped).jpg
Chattering kingfisher Todiramphus tutus2,500-9,999 [28] NT [28] Decrease2.svg [28] Chattering kingfisher (Todiramphus tutus) 01 (cropped).jpg
Blyth's kingfisher Alcedo hercules2,500-9,999 [29] NT [29] Decrease2.svg [29] Blyth's kingfisher.jpg
Talaud kingfisher Todiramphus enigma3,000-15,000 [30] NT [30] Decrease2.svg [30] Talaud kingfisher (Todiramphus enigma) (cropped).jpg
Buru dwarf kingfisher Ceyx cajeli4,000-20,000 [31] NT [31] Decrease2.svg [31] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 4,000-9,999. Total population is estimated to be 6,000-30,000 individuals. [31] Buru dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx cajeli) (cropped).jpg
Cinnamon-banded kingfisher Todiramphus australasia9,250-18,500 [32] LC [32] Decrease2.svg [32] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 12,000-18,000. Total population is estimated to be 14,000-28,000 individuals. [32] Cinnamon-banded kingfisher (Todiramphus australasia).jpg
Long-tailed ground-roller Uratelornis chimaera9,487-32,687 [33] VU [33] Decrease2.svg [33] Values given are a 95% confidence interval around the estimate of 21,124 mature individuals. [33] Long-tailed Ground-roller, Mangily, Madagascar 3.jpg
Pohnpei kingfisher Todiramphus reichenbachii10,000-19,999 [34] VU [34] Decrease2.svg [34] Pohnpei Kingfisher.jpg
Short-legged ground-roller Brachypteracias leptosomus10,000-25,000 [35] VU [35] Decrease2.svg [35] Rollier Terrestre a courte queue.JPG
Sombre kingfisher Todiramphus funebris10,000-25,000 [36] LC [36] Decrease2.svg [36] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 15,000-25,000.

Total population is estimated to be 15,000-35,000 individuals. [36]

Sombre Kingfisher 0A2A5250.jpg
San Cristobal dwarf kingfisher

(Makira dwarf kingfisher)

Ceyx gentianus10,000-30,000 [37] LC [37] Steady2.svg [37] CeyxGentianaSmit (cropped).jpg
Blue-capped kingfisher

(Hombron's kingfisher)

Actenoides hombroni10,000 - 99,999 [38] LC [38] Decrease2.svg [38] "The population size of this species is unknown. The population probably still numbers tens of thousands of individuals." [38] Pajaro 1 page-0001.jpg
Lazuli kingfisher Todiramphus lazuli12,000 - 18,000 [39] LC [39] Steady2.svg [39] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 15,000. [39] Lazuli kingfisher (Todiramphus lazuli) (cropped).jpg
Vanuatu kingfisher Todiramphus farquhari14,000-94,000 [40] NT [40] Decrease2.svg [40] Todiramphus albonotatus.jpg
Blue-throated motmot Aspatha gularis20,000-49,999 [41] LC [41] Decrease2.svg [41] Blue-throated Motmot iNaturalist.jpg
Tody motmot Hylomanes momotula20,000-49,999 [42] LC [42] Decrease2.svg [42] Hylomanes-momotula-001.jpg
Blue-capped motmot

(Blue-crowned motmot)

Momotus coeruliceps20,000-49,999 [43] LC [43] Decrease2.svg [43] Momotus coeruliceps DSC 0478.jpg
Sangihe lilac kingfisher Cittura sanghirensis21,000-78,000 [44] LC [44] Steady2.svg [44] Total population is estimated to be 42,200–97,400 individuals. [44] Sangihe lilac kingfisher (Cittura sanghirensis) (cropped).jpg
Brown-winged kingfisher Pelargopsis amauroptera25,000-35,000 [45] NT [45] Decrease2.svg [45] Brown winged KF.jpg
Russet-crowned motmot Momotus mexicanus50,000-499,999 [46] LC [46] Decrease2.svg [46] Momotus mexicanus.jpg
Whooping motmot Momotus subrufescens50,000-499,999 [47] LC [47] Steady2.svg [47] Momotus subrufescens Barranquero ferina Whooping Motmot (9117933418).jpg
Tahiti kingfisher

(Society kingfisher)

Todiramphus veneratus100,000-199,999 [48] NT [48] Decrease2.svg [48] Society kingfisher (Todiramphus veneratus).jpg
European roller Coracias garrulus100,000-499,999 [49] LC [49] Decrease2.svg [49] Coracias garrulus - European roller 07.jpg
Blue-cheeked bee-eater Merops persicus150,000-400,000 [50] LC [50] Increase2.svg [50] Blue-cheeked bee-eater (Merops persicus persicus) Namibia.jpg
Broad-billed motmot Electron platyrhynchum500,000-4,999,999 [51] LC [51] Decrease2.svg [51] Electron platyrhynchum 255863636.jpg
Turquoise-browed motmot Eumomota superciliosa500,000-4,999,999 [52] LC [52] Decrease2.svg [52] Eumomota superciliosa -Mexico-8.jpg
Blue-diademed motmot

(Lesson's motmot)

Momotus lessonii500,000-4,999,999 [53] LC [53] Decrease2.svg [53] Lesson's motmot (Momotus lessonii lessonii) 2.jpg
Amazon kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona500,000-4,999,999 [54] LC [54] Decrease2.svg [54] Chloroceryle amazona - male.jpg
American pygmy-kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea500,000-4,999,999 [55] LC [55] Decrease2.svg [55] Chloroceryle-aenea-001.jpg
Green-and-rufous kingfisher Chloroceryle inda500,000-4,999,999 [56] LC [56] Decrease2.svg [56] Green-and-Rufous Kingfisher (female) - Flickr - Becky Matsubara.jpg
Rainbow bee-eater Merops ornatus670,000 [57] LC [57] Steady2.svg [57] Estimated to number at least 1 million individuals in 2008. [57] Merops ornatus -Australia-8.jpg
Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis716,000-1,760,000 [58] LC [58] Decrease2.svg [58] Common Kingfisher I Picture 115.jpg
Belted kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon1,800,000 [59] LC [59] Steady2.svg [59] Megaceryle alcyon f Sam Smith Park Toronto.jpg
Rufous motmot Baryphthengus martii5,000,000-49,999,999 [60] LC [60] Decrease2.svg [60] Rufous motmot (92334).jpg
European bee-eater Merops apiaster18,400,000-28,000,000 [61] LC [61] Steady2.svg [61] Guepier d'europe au parc national Ichkeul.jpg
Green kingfisher Chloroceryle americana20,000,000 [62] LC [62] Decrease2.svg [62] Green kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis) male.jpg
Ringed kingfisher Megaceryle torquata20,000,000 [63] LC [63] Steady2.svg [63] Ringed Kingfisher, Rio Sarare, Mato Grosso, Brazil.jpg

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
North Philippine dwarf kingfisher

(Philippine dwarf kingfisher)

Ceyx melanurusunknown [64] LC [64] Decrease2.svg [64] "Range covers nearly 80,000 km2... global population size is unlikely to be small." [64] North Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher (cropped).jpg
Amazonian motmot Momotus momotaunknown [65] LC [65] Decrease2.svg [65] Blauscheitelmotmot Bern.JPG

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Todies, motmots, bee-eaters – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2026-01-02.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Rollers, ground rollers, kingfishers – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2026-01-02.
  3. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2024). "Todiramphus cinnamominus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22725862A261269865. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22725862A261269865.en .
  4. ↑ United States Fish & Wildlife Service (2025). "Guam kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus)". Environmental Conservation Online System.
  5. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018). "Ceyx sangirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T45355856A134198542. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45355856A134198542.en .
  6. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2024). "Alcedo euryzona". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22726971A258586382. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22726971A258586382.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  7. 1 2 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Digital Checklist of the Birds of the World: Version 10. BirdLife International. 2025.
  8. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2024). "Todiramphus gambieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22683499A232219952. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22683499A232219952.en . Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  9. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2019). "Todiramphus godeffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T22683487A149519891. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22683487A149519891.en . Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  10. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2022). "Tanysiptera ellioti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683582A209894634. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22683582A209894634.en . Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  11. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2022). "Ceyx wallacii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T61659795A177078310.
  12. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2022). "Ceyx nigrirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22726965A216654178. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22726965A216654178.en .
  13. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2022). "Ceyx dispar". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22726619A215986684. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22726619A215986684.en .
  14. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2022). "Ceyx flumenicola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22726943A216180224. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22726943A216180224.en .
  15. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2024) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Actenoides bougainvillei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683519A265147933. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22683519A265147933.en . Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  16. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2022). "Ceyx argentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22726935A177037416.
  17. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2020). "Electron carinatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682989A179184295. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682989A179184295.en . Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  18. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2021). "Geobiastes squamiger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22682937A193850974. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22682937A193850974.en . Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  19. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2017). "Eurystomus azureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22682926A117000326. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22682926A117000326.en . Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  20. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2022). "Todiramphus pelewensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22725870A216509802. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22725870A216509802.en .
  21. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2022). "Todiramphus ruficollaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683465A209393532. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22683465A209393532.en . Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  22. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2018). "Ceyx websteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22683051A131912965. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22683051A131912965.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  23. 1 2 BirdLife International. (2016). "Todiramphus winchelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 e.T22683291A92983266. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683291A92983266.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  24. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2025). "Todiramphus winchelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22683291A252379637. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22683291A252379637.en .
  25. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2019). "Todiramphus albonotatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T22683328A156417787. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22683328A156417787.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  26. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2022). "Tanysiptera carolinae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683592A215947777. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22683592A215947777.en .
  27. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2017). "Todiramphus nigrocyaneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22683282A118148059. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22683282A118148059.en .
  28. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2019). "Todiramphus tutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T22683479A156621538. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22683479A156621538.en .
  29. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2022). "Alcedo hercules". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683024A216503104. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22683024A216503104.en .
  30. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2025). "Todiramphus enigma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22683410A216631981. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22683410A216631981.en .
  31. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2022). "Ceyx cajeli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22726607A215997335. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22726607A215997335.en .
  32. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2022). "Todiramphus australasia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683428A216522209. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22683428A216522209.en .
  33. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2021). "Uratelornis chimaera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22682969A193044857. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22682969A193044857.en . Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  34. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2017). "Todiramphus reichenbachii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22726585A116969455. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22726585A116969455.en .
  35. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2023). "Brachypteracias leptosomus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22682931A232610024. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22682931A232610024.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  36. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2022). "Todiramphus funebris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683387A217398758. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22683387A217398758.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  37. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2017). "Ceyx gentianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22726655A118224025. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22726655A118224025.en .
  38. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2024). "Actenoides hombroni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22683542A241691549. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22683542A241691549.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  39. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2022). "Todiramphus lazuli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683310A216636478. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22683310A216636478.en .
  40. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2022). "Todiramphus farquhari". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683347A216002072. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22683347A216002072.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  41. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2020). "Aspatha gularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682983A152200542. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682983A152200542.en . Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  42. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2020). "Hylomanes momotula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682980A152231624. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682980A152231624.en . Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  43. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2020). "Momotus coeruliceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T61634591A163627466. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61634591A163627466.en .
  44. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2025). "Cittura sanghirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22726899A216617393. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22726899A216617393.en .
  45. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2022). "Pelargopsis amauroptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22683213A216618193. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22683213A216618193.en .
  46. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2020). "Momotus mexicanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22683001A163627056. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22683001A163627056.en . Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  47. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2020). "Momotus subrufescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T61634657A163628473. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61634657A163628473.en .
  48. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2022). "Todiramphus veneratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22726919A216648579. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22726919A216648579.en .
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