List of Pelecaniformes by population

This is a list of Pelecaniformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 118 species of Pelecaniformes, seven of which are extinct. ^[1] As of December 2025, IUCN/BirdLife International have assessed 111 of these species (excepting dimorphic egret, splits from striated heron, the split of cattle egret, and the extinct Ascension night heron). This list follows IUCN classifications for species names and taxonomy. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names/taxonomic statuses are noted.

Several species listed as members of Pelecaniformes are extinct:

• Réunion ibis (Threskiornis solitarius) - last seen in 1763. ^[2]

• New Zealand bittern (Botaurus novaezealandiae) - last seen in 1890. ^[3] IUCN/BirdLife International place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

• Bermuda night heron (Nyctanassa carcinocatactes) - last seen in 1610. Likely extinct shortly afterward. ^[4]

• Ascension night heron (Nycticorax olsoni) - likely went extinct circa 1500. ^[5] Not listed by IUCN/BirdLife International.

• Réunion night heron (Nycticorax duboisi) - likely went extinct in early 1700s. ^[6]

• Mauritius night heron (Nycticorax mauritianus) - likely went extinct in early 1700s. ^[7]

• Rodrigues night heron (Nycticorax megacephalus) - likely extinct circa 1761. ^[8]

Species by global population

Common name	Binomial name	Population	Status	Trend	Notes	Image
White-bellied heron	Ardea insignis	50-249 [9]	CR [9]	[9]	Total population is estimated to be 70-400 individuals.
Dwarf ibis (São Tomé ibis)	Bostrychia bocagei	130-1,700 [10]	CR [10]	[10]	Estimate calculated from density and area estimates. Total population estimated to be 190-2,500 individuals. [10]
Giant ibis	Thaumatibis gigantea	194 [11]	CR [11]	[11]	Minimum estimate. Total population estimated to be 290 individuals. [11]
Northern bald ibis	Geronticus eremita	200-249 [12]	EN [12]	[12]	Estimate for mature individuals only. Species is considered regionally extinct in Europe. [12]
Asian crested ibis (Crested ibis)	Nipponia nippon	330 [13]	EN [13]	[13]	Total population estimated to be 550 individuals. [13]
White-shouldered ibis	Pseudibis davisoni	670 [14]	CR [14]	[14]	Minimum estimate. Estimate for total population is 1,000 individuals. [14]
Malagasy pond heron	Ardeola idae	1,000-2,499 [15]	EN [15]	[15]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [15]
Australasian bittern	Botaurus poiciloptilus	1,000-2,499 [16]	VU [16]	[16]
Madagascar heron (Humblot's heron)	Ardea humbloti	1,290-1,500 [17]	EN [17]	[17]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [17]
Malayan night heron	Gorsachius melanolophus	1,300-13,000 [18]	LC [19]	? [19]	Population on most recent IUCN assessment (2025) Is unknown. [19] Values retained from 2016 assessment. [18]
Forest bittern	Zonerodius heliosylus	1,500-7,000 [20]	NT [20]	[20]	Total population is estimated to be 2,500-9,999 individuals. [20]
White-eared night heron	Oroanassa magnifica	1,500-15,000 [21]	NT [21]	[21]
Malagasy sacred ibis	Threskiornis bernieri	1,733-2,166 [22]	EN [22]	[22]	Total population is estimated to be 2,600-3,250 individuals. [22]
Slaty egret	Egretta vinaceigula	2,500-3,000 [23]	VU [23]	[23]	Total population is estimated to be 3,000-5,000 individuals. [23]
Madagascar crested ibis (Madagascar ibis)	Lophotibis cristata	2,500-9,999 [24]	VU [24]	[24]	Total population is estimated to be <10,000 individuals. [24]
Andean ibis	Theristicus branickii	2,500-9,999 [25]	NT [25]	[25]	Total population is estimate to be 4,250-13,400 individuals. [25]
Schrenck's bittern (Von Schrenk's bittern)	Botaurus eurhythmus	2,500-25,000 [26]	NT [26]	[26]	Total population estimated to be 1,000-50,000 individuals. [26] IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.
Black-faced spoonbill	Platalea minor	3,000-5,100 [27]	VU [27]	[27]	Total population estimated to be 6,500-7,500 individuals. [27]
Shoebill	Balaeniceps rex	3,300-5,300 [28]	VU [28]	[28]	Total population estimated to be 5,000-8,000 individuals. [28]
Chinese egret	Egretta eulophotes	4,000-6,000 [29]	VU [29]	[29]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [29]
Japanese night heron	Gorsachius goisagi	5,000-9,999 [30]	VU [30]	[30]	Total population is estimated to be 7,500-15,000 individuals. [30]
Reddish egret	Egretta rufescens	5,000-9,999 [31]	NT [31]	[31]	Estimate for mature individuals only. [31]
Puna ibis	Plegadis ridgwayi	5,000-20,000 [32]	LC [32]	[32]	Population estimate is highly uncertain. [32]
Yellow-billed spoonbill	Platalea flavipes	6,600-16,600 [33]	LC [33]	[33]	Total population is estimated to be 10,000-25,000 individuals. [33]
White-necked heron	Ardea pacifica	6,700-16,700 [34]	LC [34]	[34]	Total population is estimated to be 10,000-25,000 individuals. [34]
White-faced heron	Egretta novaehollandiae	6,700-66,700 [35]	LC [35]	? [35]	Total population is estimated to be 9,999-99,999 individuals. [35]
Rufous-bellied heron	Ardeola rufiventris	6,700-66,700 [36]	LC [36]	[36]	Total population is estimated to be 10,000-100,000 individuals. [36]
Goliath heron	Ardea goliath	6,700-66,700 [37]	LC [37]	[37]	Total population is estimated to be 10,070-100,070 individuals. [37]
Southern bald ibis	Geronticus calvus	7,000-8,000 [38]	NT [38]	[38]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [38]
Spot-billed pelican	Pelecanus philippensis	8,700-12,000 [39]	NT [39]	[39]	Total population is estimated to be 13,000-18,000 individuals. [39]
Australian little bittern (Black-backed bittern)	Botaurus dubius	<10,000 [40]	LC [40]	[40]	Value given is a tentative guess for number of mature individuals. [40] IUCN/BirdLife International still places species in Ixobrychus.
Agami heron	Agamia agami	10,000-25,000 [41]	NT [41]	[41]	Values given are a shaky estimate of number of mature individuals. [41]
Wattled ibis	Bostrychia carunculata	10,000-25,000 [42]	LC [42]	? [42]
Sharp-tailed ibis	Cercibis oxycerca	10,000-25,000 [43]	LC [43]	? [43]	Values given are for total population. This estimate is now considered outdated. [43]
Dalmatian pelican	Pelecanus crispus	11,400-13,400 [44]	NT [44]	[44]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [44]
Great-billed heron	Ardea sumatrana	11,700-71,700 [45]	LC [45]	[45]	Total population is estimated to be 17,500-107,500 individuals. [45]
Olive ibis	Bostrychia olivacea	15,000-45,000 [46]	LC [46]	[46]	Total population is estimated to be <45,000 individuals. [46]
Pied heron	Egretta picata	16,700-66,700 [47]	LC [47]	? [47]	Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals. [47]
Black-faced ibis	Theristicus melanopis	16,700-66,700 [48]	LC [48]	[48]	Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals. [48]
Dwarf bittern	Botaurus sturmii	16,700-66,700 [49]	LC [49]	? [49]	Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals. [49] IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.
Black heron	Egretta ardesiaca	16,700-66,700 [50]	LC [50]	[50]	Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals. [50]
Yellow-billed egret	Ardea brachyrhyncha	16,700-66,700 [51]	LC [51]	[51]	Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals. [51]
Chinese pond heron	Ardeola bacchus	16,700-667,000 [52]	LC [52]	[52]	Total population is estimated to be 25,000-1,000,000 individuals. [52]
Rufescent tiger-heron	Tigrisoma lineatum	18,000-70,000 [53]	LC [53]	[53]	Total population is estimated to be 27,700-105,500 individuals. [53] Note: the banner population and population description sections of the cited IUCN assessment disagree. Provided values were chosen to be reported based on agreement between mature and total individual estimates.
Fasciated tiger-heron	Tigrisoma fasciatum	20,000-49,999 [54]	LC [54]	[54]	Tentative estimate, which is higher than the Wetlands International estimate for total population (c.14,500-17,000 individuals). [54]
African spoonbill	Platalea alba	20,700-46,700 [55]	LC [55]	[55]	Total population is estimated to be 31,000-70,000 individuals. [55]
Whistling heron	Syrigma sibilatrix	23,300-73,300 [56]	LC [56]	[56]	Total population is estimated to be 35,000-110,000 individuals. [56]
Nankeen night heron	Nycticorax caledonicus	24,700-743,000 [57]	LC [57]	[57]	Total population is estimated to be 37,000-1,113,999 individuals. [57]
White-backed night heron	Calherodius leuconotus	25,000-100,000 [58]	LC [58]	[58]	Values given are for total population. [58]
White-crested tiger-heron	Tigrionrnis leucolopha	25,000-100,000 [59]	LC [59]	[59]	Values given are for total population. [59]
Royal spoonbill	Platalea regia	25,000-100,000 [60]	LC [60]	[60]	Values given are for total population. May be an underestimate. [60]
Black bittern	Botaurus flavicollis	30,000-214,000 [61]	LC [61]	? [61]	Total population is estimated to be 45,002-320,499 individuals. [61] IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.
Pink-backed pelican	Pelecanus rufescens	33,300-66,700 [62]	LC [62]	[62]	Total population is estimated to be 50,000-100,000 individuals. [62]
Plumbeous ibis	Theristicus caerulescens	33,300-66,700 [63]	LC [63]	[63]	Total population is estimated to be 50,000-100,000 individuals. [63]
Buff-necked ibis	Theristicus caudatus	33,300-133,000 [64]	LC [64]	[64]	Total population is estimate to be 50,000-200,000 individuals. [64]
Western reef-egret (Western reef heron)	Egretta gularis	36,000-92,700 [65]	LC [65]	[65]	Total population is estimated to be 54,000-139,000 individuals. [65] Note that IOC taxonomy splits one additional species, the dimorphic egret, from this species. [1] IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species under E. gularis. [66]
Australian pelican	Pelecanus conspicillatus	46,700-200,000 [67]	LC [67]	[67]	Total population is estimated to be 70,000-300,000 individuals. [67]
Hadada ibis	Bostrychia hagedash	46,700-267,000 [68]	LC [68]	? [68]	Total population is estimated to be 70,000-400,000 individuals. [68]
Capped heron	Pilherodius pileatus	50,000-499,999 [69]	LC [69]	[69]	Values given are for total population. [69]
Bare-throated tiger-heron	Tigrisoma mexicanum	50,000-499,999 [70]	LC [70]	[70]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [70]
Pinnated bittern	Botaurus pinnatus	50,000-499,999 [71]	LC [71]	[71]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [71]
Green ibis	Mesembrinibis cayennensis	50,000-499,999 [72]	LC [72]	[72]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [72]
Eurasian spoonbill	Platelea leucorodia	52,800-63,900 [73]	LC [73]	[73]	Total population is estimated to be 79,250-95,850 individuals. [73]
Scarlet ibis	Eudocimus ruber	66,700-100,000 [74]	LC [74]	[74]	Total population is estimated to be 100,000-150,000 individuals. [74]
Black-headed heron	Ardea melanocephala	66,700-333,000 [75]	LC [75]	[75]	Total population is estimated to be 100,000-500,000 individuals. [75]
Indian pond heron	Ardeola grayii	66,700-667,000 [76]	LC [76]	? [76]	Total population is estimated to be 99,998-999,998 individuals. [76]
Plumed egret	Ardea plumifera	66,700-667,000 [77]	LC [77]	? [77]	Total population is estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 individuals. [77]
Yellow bittern	Botaurus sinensis	66,700-667,000 [78]	LC [78]	? [78]	Total population is estimated to be 100,000-1,000,299 individuals. [78] IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.
Roseate spoonbill	Platalea ajaja	68,500-171,000 [79]	LC [79]	[79]	Total population is estimated to be 102,800-256,800 individuals. [79]
Stripe-backed bittern	Botaurus involucris	73,300-683,000 [80]	LC [80]	[80]	Total population is estimated to be 110,000-1,025,000 individuals. [80] IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.
Bare-faced ibis	Phimosus infuscatus	83,300-733,000 [81]	LC [81]	[81]	Total population is estimated to be 124,999-1,099,999 individuals. [81]
Cinnamon bittern	Botaurus cinnamomeus	83,300-1,330,000 [82]	LC [82]	? [82]	Total population is estimated to be 125,000-2,000,000 individuals. [82] IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.
Least bittern	Botaurus exilis	93,300-106,000 [83]	LC [83]	[83]	Total population is estimated to be 139,999-158,999 individuals. [83] IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.
American white pelican	Pelecanus erythrorhynchos	100,000-499,999 [84]	LC [84]	[84]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 450,000. [84]
Straw-necked ibis	Threskiornis spinicollis	100,000-1,000,000 [85]	LC [85]	[85]	Values given are for total population. [85]
Peruvian pelican	Pelecanus thagus	100,000-1,000,000 [86]	NT [86]	[86]	Values given are for total population. [86]
Pacific reef-egret (Pacific reef heron)	Egretta sacra	100,000-1,000,000 [87]	LC [87]	[87]	Values given are for total population. [87]
Hamerkop	Scopus umbretta	113,000-743,000 [88]	LC [88]	? [88]	Total population is estimated to be 170,000-1,115,000 individuals. [88]
Glossy ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	119,000-860,000 [89]	LC [89]	[89]	Total population is estimated to be 178,500-1,289,499 individuals. [89]
Green-backed heron (Striated heron)	Butorides striata	173,000-1,500,000 [90]	LC [90]	[90]	Total population is estimated to be 260,000-2,300,000 individuals. [90] Note that IOC taxonomy splits three additional species, green heron, little heron, and lava heron, from this species. [1] IUCN/BirdLife International maintain all four species under B. striata. [66]
Purple heron	Ardea purpurea	180,000-380,000 [91]	LC [91]	[91]	Total population is estimated to be 270,000-570,000 individuals. [91]
Eurasian bittern	Botaurus stellaris	184,000-310,000 [92]	LC [92]	[92]	Total population is estimated to be 275,699-465,199 individuals. [92]
African sacred ibis	Threskiornis aethiopicus	200,000-450,000 [93]	LC [93]	[93]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [93]
Spot-breasted ibis	Bostrychia rara	200,000-510,000 [94]	LC [94]	[94]	Values given are for total population. [94]
Tricolored heron	Egretta tricolor	206,000-219,000 [95]	LC [95]	[95]	Total population is estimated to be 308,350-328,699 individuals. [95]
White ibis (American white ibis)	Eudocimus albus	210,000-360,000 [96]	LC [96]	[96]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [96]
Black-headed ibis	Threskiornis melanocephalus	250,000-500,000 [97]	LC [97]	[97]	Total population is estimated to be 400,000-600,000. [97]
Great white pelican	Pelecanus onocrotalus	265,000-295,000 [98]	LC [98]	? [98]	Values given are for total population. [98]
Little blue heron	Egretta caerulea	275,000-392,000 [99]	LC [99]	[99]	Total population is estimated to be 413,001-587,400 individuals. [99]
Brown pelican	Pelecanus occidentalis	300,000 [100]	LC [100]	[100]	Values given are for total population. [100]
Squacco heron	Ardeola rallodies	370,000-780,000 [101]	LC [101]	[101]	Values given are for total population. European subpopulation estimated at 30,000-51,700 mature individuals. [101]
Little egret	Egretta garzetta	430,000-2,100,000 [102]	LC [102]	[102]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [102]
Black-crowned night heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	440,000-1,990,000 [103]	LC [103]	? [103]	Total population is estimated to be 663,000-2,985,000 individuals. [103]
Snowy egret	Egretta thula	476,000-1,620,000 [104]	LC [104]	[104]	Total population is estimated to be 713,800-2,428,000 individuals. [104]
Grey heron	Ardea cinerea	500,000-2,500,000 [105]	LC [105]	? [105]	Total population is estimated to be 790,000-3,700,000 individuals. [105]
Great blue heron	Ardea herodias	500,000-4,999,999 [106]	LC [106]	[106]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [106]
Boat-billed heron	Cochlearius cochlearius	500,000-4,999,999 [107]	LC [107]	[107]	Values given are for total population. [107]
Common little bittern (Little bittern)	Botaurus minutus	600,000-1,199,999 [108]	LC [108]	[108]	IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus. Very preliminary estimate is for mature individuals only. [108]
White-faced ibis	Plegadis chihi	1,000,000-9,999,999 [109]	LC [109]	[109]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 7.2 million. [109]
Great white egret (Great egret)	Ardea alba	1,100,000-1,600,000 [110]	LC [110]	[110]	Total population is estimated to be 1.6-2.4 million individuals. [110]
American bittern	Botaurus lentiginosus	1,500,000-2,500,000 [111]	LC [111]	[111]	Total population is estimated to be 3.0 million individuals. [111]
Cattle egret	Bubulcus ibis	2,600,000-12,600,000 [112]	LC [112]	[112]	Note than IOC taxonomy splits this species into two species, Eastern and Western cattle egret, both placed in the Ardea genus. [1] IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species under Bubulcus ibis. [66]
Cocoi heron	Ardea cocoi	5,000,000-49,999,999 [113]	LC [113]	[113]	Estimate is for mature individuals only. [113]

Species without population estimates

Common name	Binomial name	Population	Status	Trend	Notes	Image
Intermediate egret (Medium egret)	Ardea intermedia	unknown [114]	LC [114]	[114]
Javan pond heron	Adeola speciosa	unknown [115]	LC [115]	? [115]
Yellow-crowned night heron	Nyctanassa violacea	unknown [116]	LC [116]	[116]
Red-naped ibis	Pseudibis papillosa	unknown [117]	LC [117]	? [117]
Australian ibis (Australian white ibis)	Threskiornis molucca	unknown [118]	LC [118]	[118]	IUCN/BirdLife International give binomial name as T. moluccus.
Zigzag heron	Zebrilus undulatus	unknown [119]	LC [119]	[119]

See also

• Biology portal
• Birds portal

• Lists of birds by population
• Lists of organisms by population

References

1. "Ibises, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2025-12-25.
2. BirdLife International (2024). "Threskiornis solitarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22728791A262272153. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22728791A262272153.en .
3. BirdLife International (2024). "Ixobrychus novaezelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697307A230913278. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697307A230913278.en .
4. BirdLife International (2023). "Nyctanassa carcinocatactes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T62286255A221213270. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T62286255A221213270.en .
5. Hume, J.P. (2024). "Ascension Night Heron (Nycticorax olsoni)". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
6. BirdLife International (2024). "Nycticorax duboisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22728781A262274485. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22728781A262274485.en .
7. BirdLife International (2024). "Nycticorax mauritianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22728777A262276501. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22728777A262276501.en .
8. BirdLife International (2024). "Nycticorax megacephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22728787A262277571. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22728787A262277571.en .
9. BirdLife International (2018). "Ardea insignis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697021A134201407. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697021A134201407.en .
10. BirdLife International. (2021). "Bostrychia bocagei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22697478A177028688. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22697478A177028688.en . Retrieved 25 August 2025.
11. BirdLife International (2018). "Thaumatibis gigantea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697536A134200680. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697536a134200680.en .
12. BirdLife International (2018). "Geronticus eremita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697488A130895601. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697488a130895601.en .
13. BirdLife International (2018). "Nipponia nippon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697548A132069229. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697548a132069229.en .
14. BirdLife International (2018). "Pseudibis davisoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697531A134189710. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697531a134189710.en .
15. BirdLife International (2021). "Adeola idae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22697143A189949320. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22697143A189949320.en .
16. BirdLife International. (2022). "Botaurus poiciloptilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22697353A217377735. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22697353A217377735.en . Retrieved 25 August 2025.
17. BirdLife International (2025). "Ardea humbloti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697012A255372663. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697012A255372663.en .
18. BirdLife International (2016). "Gorsachius melanolophus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 e.T22697242A93604480. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697242a93604480.en .{{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
19. BirdLife International (2025). "Gorsachius melanolophus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697242A154679619. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697242A154679619.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
20. BirdLife International (2017). "Zonerodius heliosylus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22697274A117210228. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697274a117210228.en .{{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
21. BirdLife International (2025). "Oroanassa magnifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697232A175978137. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697232A175978137.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
22. BirdLife International (2021). "Threskiornis bernieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22731855A196574917. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22731855a196574917.en .
23. BirdLife International (2025). "Egretta vinaceigula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22696922A255936009. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696922A255936009.en .
24. BirdLife International (2024). "Lophotibis cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697504A254926243. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697504A254926243.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
25. BirdLife International (2024). "Theristicus branickii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697444A241488919. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697444A241488919.en .
26. BirdLife International (2025). "Ixobrychus eurhythmus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697317A274693667. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697317A274693667.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
27. BirdLife International (2025). "Platalea minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697568A154689773. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697568A154689773.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
28. BirdLife International (2018). "Balaeniceps rex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697583A133840708. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697583A133840708.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
29. BirdLife International (2025). "Egretta eulophotes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22696977A154698211. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696977A154698211.en .
30. BirdLife International (2020). "Gorsachius goisagi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22697237A154698841. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22697237a154698841.en .
31. BirdLife International (2020). "Egretta rufescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22696916A154076472. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696916A154076472.en .
32. BirdLife International (2025). "Plegadis ridgwayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697429A154879094. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697429A154879094.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
33. BirdLife International (2024). "Platalea flavipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697571A254015530. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697571A254015530.en .
34. BirdLife International (2025). "Ardea pacifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697004A281012837. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697004A281012837.en .
35. BirdLife International (2025). "Egretta novaehollandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22696938A281021507. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696938A281021507.en .
36. BirdLife International (2025). "Ardeola rufiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697150A280964100. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697150A280964100.en .
37. BirdLife International (2025). "Ardea goliath". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697017A280943528. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697017A280943528.en . Retrieved 2025-12-25.
38. BirdLife International (2024). "Geronticus calvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697496A234993178. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697496A234993178.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
39. BirdLife International (2017). "Pelecanus philippensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22697604A117970266. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22697604A117970266.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
40. BirdLife International (2025). "Ixobrychus dubius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22735703A280989912. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22735703A280989912.en .
41. BirdLife International (2023). "Agamia agami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22697200A171903244. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22697200A171903244.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
42. BirdLife International (2025). "Bostrychia carunculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697468A280953432. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697468A280953432.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
43. BirdLife International (2025). "Cercibis oxycerca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697432A281002258. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697432A281002258.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
44. BirdLife International. (2018) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Pelecanus crispus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697599A122838534. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22697599A122838534.en . Retrieved 25 August 2025.
45. BirdLife International (2024). "Ardea sumatrana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697028A264978926. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697028A264978926.en .
46. BirdLife International (2025). "Bostrychia olivacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697472A280953692. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697472A280953692.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
47. BirdLife International (2024). "Egretta picata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697037A264977849. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697037A264977849.en .
48. BirdLife International (2025). "Theristicus melanopis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22734000A264997487. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22734000A264997487.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
49. BirdLife International (2024). "Ixobrychus sturmii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697327A265015502. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697327A265015502.en .
50. BirdLife International (2024). "Egretta ardesiaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22696926A265002412. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22696926A265002412.en .
51. BirdLife International (2024). "Ardea brachyrhyncha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22727677A264980648. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22727677A264980648.en .
52. BirdLife International (2024). "Ardeola bacchus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697133A264998112. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697133A264998112.en .
53. BirdLife International. (2022). "Tigrisoma lineatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22697269A163800768. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22697269A163800768.en . Retrieved 25 August 2025.
54. BirdLife International (2022). "Tigrisoma fasciatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22697264A163801770. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22697264A163801770.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.{{cite iucn}}: |date= / |doi= mismatch (help)
55. BirdLife International (2025). "Platalea alba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697564A264974451. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697564A264974451.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
56. BirdLife International (2024). "Syrigma sibilatrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22696913A265003992. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22696913A265003992.en .
57. BirdLife International (2024). "Nycticorax caledonicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697219A264991688. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697219A264991688.en .
58. BirdLife International (2018). "Calherodius leuconotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697226A130187384. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697226a130187384.en .
59. BirdLife International (2018). "Tigriornis leucolopha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697277A130188990. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697277a130188990.en .
60. BirdLife International (2025). "Platalea regia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697561A264974915. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697561A264974915.en .
61. BirdLife International (2024). "Ixobrychus flavicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697334A265013707. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697334A265013707.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
62. BirdLife International (2024). "Pelecanus rufescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697595A265010010. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697595A265010010.en . Retrieved 2025-12-25.
63. BirdLife International (2025). "Theristicus caerulescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697435A265000454. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697435A265000454.en .
64. BirdLife International (2025). "Theristicus caudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697441A264984842. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697441A264984842.en .
65. BirdLife International (2025). "Egretta gularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22729692A153869809. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22729692A153869809.en .
66. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Digital Checklist of the Birds of the World: Version 10. BirdLife International. 2025.
67. BirdLife International (2024). "Pelecanus conspicillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697608A265022422. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697608A265022422.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
68. BirdLife International (2025). "Bostrychia hagedash". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697463A264982459. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697463A264982459.en .
69. BirdLife International (2021). "Pilherodius pileatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22696987A163803423. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696987A163803423.en .
70. BirdLife International (2018). "Tigrisoma mexicanum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697259A130188356. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697259a130188356.en .
71. BirdLife International (2021). "Botaurus pinnatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22697343A163799916. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697343a163799916.en .
72. BirdLife International (2021). "Mesembrinibis cayennensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22697460A163620132. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697460a163620132.en .
73. BirdLife International (2025). "Platalea leucorodia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697555A281857155. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697555A281857155.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
74. BirdLife International (2025). "Eudocimus ruber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697415A265008829. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697415A265008829.en .
75. BirdLife International (2024). "Ardea melanocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697008A264971450. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697008A264971450.en .
76. BirdLife International (2024). "Ardeola grayii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697128A265000155. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697128A265000155.en .
77. BirdLife International (2024). "Ardea plumifera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22727683A264991189. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22727683A264991189.en .
78. BirdLife International (2024). "Ixobrychus sinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697303A264977012. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697303A264977012.en . Retrieved 2024-12-24.
79. BirdLife International (2025). "Platalea ajaja". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697574A281037780. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697574A281037780.en .
80. BirdLife International (2024). "Ixobrychus involucris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697294A264978428. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697294A264978428.en .
81. BirdLife International (2025). "Phimosus infuscatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697418A265005165. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697418A265005165.en .
82. BirdLife International (2024). "Ixobrychus cinnamomeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697323A265014467. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697323A265014467.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
83. BirdLife International (2025). "Ixobrychus exilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697314A281851669. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697314A281851669.en .
84. BirdLife International (2025). "Pelecanus erythrorhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697611A281856383. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697611A281856383.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
85. BirdLife International (2018) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Threskiornis spinicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697525A129656213. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697525a129656213.en .
86. BirdLife International (2018). "Pelecanus thagus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697619A132596827. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697619A132596827.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
87. BirdLife International (2018). "Egretta sacra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22696980A131759460. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696980A131759460.en .
88. BirdLife International (2025). "Scopus umbretta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697356A265021380. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697356A265021380.en . Retrieved 2025-12-25.
89. BirdLife International (2025). "Plegadis falcinellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697422A281858334. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697422A281858334.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
90. BirdLife International. (2022). "Butorides striata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22728182A163804848. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22728182A163804848.en . Retrieved 25 August 2025.
91. BirdLife International (2019). "Ardea purpurea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T22697031A154816177. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22697031A154816177.en .
92. BirdLife International (2025). "Botaurus stellaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697346A281837651. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697346A281837651.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
93. BirdLife International (2018). "Threskiornis aethiopicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697510A132068562. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697510a132068562.en .
94. BirdLife International (2018). "Bostrychia rara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697484A130189528. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697484a130189528.en .
95. BirdLife International (2025). "Egretta tricolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22696931A281846090. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696931A281846090.en .
96. BirdLife International (2021). "Eudocimus albus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22697411A188454802. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697411a188454802.en .
97. BirdLife International (2024). "Threskiornis melanocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22697516A252063963. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22697516A252063963.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
98. BirdLife International (2021). "Pelecanus onocrotalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22697590A177120498. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22697590A177120498.en . Retrieved 2025-12-25.
99. BirdLife International (2025). "Egretta caerulea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22696944A281845065. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696944A281845065.en .
100. BirdLife International (2018). "Pelecanus occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22733989A132663224. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22733989A132663224.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
101. BirdLife International (2018). "Ardeola ralloides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697123A131940696. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697123a131940696.en .
102. BirdLife International (2025). "Egretta garzetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T62774969A154819214. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T62774969A154819214.en .
103. BirdLife International (2025). "Nycticorax nycticorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697211A280905252. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697211A280905252.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
104. BirdLife International (2025). "Egretta thula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22696974A281845566. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696974A281845566.en .
105. BirdLife International (2019). "Ardea cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T22696993A154525233. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696993A154525233.en .
106. BirdLife International (2020). "Ardea herodias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T181500967A181565357. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T181500967A181565357.en .
107. BirdLife International (2018). "Cochlearius cochlearius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697250A130187930. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697250a130187930.en .
108. BirdLife International (2019) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Ixobrychus minutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T22735766A155511258. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22735766a155511258.en .
109. BirdLife International (2025). "Plegadis chihi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697426A281858067. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697426A281858067.en . Retrieved 2025-12-24.
110. BirdLife International (2025). "Ardea alba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697043A280949218. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697043A280949218.en .
111. BirdLife International (2025). "Botaurus lentiginosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697340A276609491. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697340A276609491.en .
112. BirdLife International (2025). "Bubulcus ibis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697109A280979746. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697109A280979746.en .
113. BirdLife International (2021). "Ardea cocoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22697001A163802666. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22697001A163802666.en .
114. BirdLife International (2020). "Ardea intermedia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22727668A181757896. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727668A181757896.en .
115. BirdLife International (2025). "Ardeola speciosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697138A280965635. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697138A280965635.en .
116. BirdLife International (2018). "Nyctanassa violacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22697203A132067766. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697203A132067766.en .
117. BirdLife International (2025). "Pseudibis papillosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697528A280944786. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697528A280944786.en .
118. BirdLife International (2025). "Threskiornis moluccus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22697519A264970728. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697519A264970728.en .
119. BirdLife International (2022). "Zebrilus undulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22697291A211070907. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22697291A211070907.en .