List of Pelecaniformes by population

Last updated

This is a list of Pelecaniformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

Contents

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Pelecaniformes have had their numbers quantified.

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Dwarf ibis Bostrychia bocagei130-1,700 [1] CR [1] Decrease2.svg [1] Estimate calculated from density and area estimates. Equal to 130-1,700 mature individuals. [1] Bostrychia bocagei.jpg
Northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita200-249 [2] EN [2] Steady2.svg [2] Estimate for mature individuals only. Species is considered regionally extinct in Europe. [2] Northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita).jpg
Giant ibis Thaumatibis gigantea290 [3] CR [3] Decrease2.svg [3] Minimum estimate. Equal to 194 mature individuals. [3] ThaumantibisGiganteaGronvold.jpg
White-eared night-heron Oroanassa magnifica350-1,500 [4] EN [4] Decrease2.svg [4] Equal to 250-999 mature individuals. [4] NycticoraxMagnificaGronvold.jpg
Asian crested ibis Nipponia nippon550 [5] EN [5] Increase2.svg [5] Equal to 330 mature individuals. [5] Nipponia nippon Sado Toki Hogo Center 3.jpg
White-shouldered ibis Pseudibis davisoni1,000 [6] CR [6] Decrease2.svg [6] Minimum estimate. Equal to 670 mature individuals. [6] White-shouldered ibis in Cambodia July 2022, crop.jpg
Fasciated tiger-heron Tigrisoma fasciatum1,000-10,000 [7] LC [7] Unknown [7] Equal to 670-6,700 mature individuals. [7] Fasciated tiger heron - Flickr - Lip Kee.jpg
Schrenck's bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus1,000-25,000 [8] LC [8] Decrease2.svg [8] Equal to 670-17,000 mature individuals. [8] Ixobrychus eurhythmus by OpenCage.jpg
Wattled ibis Bostrychia carunculata1,000-25,000 [9] LC [9] Unknown [9] Equal to 670-17,000 mature individuals. [9] Bostrychia carunculata.jpg
Australasian bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus1,000-2,499 [10] VU [10] Decrease2.svg [10] Botaurus poiciloptilus (Australasian Bittern; Matuku) (48719316081).jpg
Malayan night-heron Gorsachius melanolophus2,000-20,000 [11] LC [11] Unknown [11] Equal to 1,300-13,000 mature individuals. Subpopulations include 100-10,000 breeding pairs in Taiwan, and 100-10,000 in Japan. [11] Malayan Night Heron (Gorsachius melanolophus), Taipei Taiwan.jpg
Forest bittern Zonerodius heliosylus2,500-9,999 [12] NT [12] Decrease2.svg [12] Equal to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals. [12] Zonerodius heliosylus (cropped).jpg
Madagascar sacred ibis Threskiornis bernieri2,600-3,250 [13] EN [13] Decrease2.svg [13] Equal to 1,733-2,166 mature individuals. [13] Ibis sacre de Madagascar.JPG
Olive ibis Bostrychia olivacea3,000-45,000 [14] LC [14] Decrease2.svg [14] Estimate is for mature individuals only. [14] Olive Ibis.JPG
Black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor3,941 [15] EN [15] Increase2.svg [15] Equal to approximately 2,250 mature individuals. [15] Black faced spoonbill at Niigata.JPG
Shoebill Balaeniceps rex5000 – 8000 [16] VU [16] Decrease2.svg [16] Balaeniceps rex -Ueno Zoo, Tokyo, Japan -upper body-8a.jpg
Red-billed tropicbird Phaethon aethereus5000 – 20 000 [17] LC [17] Decrease2.svg [17] Phaethon aethereus Little Tobago.jpg
Southern bald ibis Geronticus calvus6,500-8,000 [18] VU [18] Decrease2.svg [18] Equal to 3,300-4,000 mature individuals and 1,650-2,000 breeding pairs. [18] Southern Bald Ibis (Geronticus calvus) (29865447691).jpg
African spoonbill Platalea alba7,300-73,000 [19] LC [19] Steady2.svg [19] Estimate is for mature individuals only. [19] Platalea-alba-Lake-Nakuru.JPG
Japanese night-heron Gorsachius goisagi7,500-15,000 [20] VU [20] Decrease2.svg [20] Equal to 5,000-9,999 mature individuals. [20] Japanese night heron (Gorsachius goisagi).jpg
Madagascar crested ibis Lophotibis cristata10,000 [21] NT [21] Decrease2.svg [21] Equal to 6,700 mature individuals. [21] Lophotibis cristata -Bronx Zoo-8.jpg
Puna ibis Plegadis ridgwayi10,000-15,000 [22] LC [22] Decrease2.svg [22] Equal to 6,700-10,000 mature individuals. [22] Plegadis ridgwayi -Huacarpay Lakes, near Cusco, Peru-8.jpg
Sharp-tailed ibis Cercibis oxycerca10,000-25,000 [23] LC [23] Steady2.svg [23] Equal to 6,700-17,000 mature individuals. [23] Cercibis oxycerca Tarotaro Sharp-tailed Ibis (6559267951).jpg
Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus11,400-13,400 [24] NT [24] Decrease2.svg [24] Pelecanus crispus (Antwerp Zoo).jpg
Spot-billed pelican Pelecanus philippensis13 000 – 18 000 [25] NT [25] Decrease2.svg [25] Pelecanus Philippensis.JPG
Black-headed ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus15,000-30,000 [26] NT [26] Decrease2.svg [26] Equal to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals. Subpopulation estimates include 10,000 in south Asia, 10,000 in south-east Asia, and 100 in east Asia. [26] Black-headed ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus).jpg
White-backed night-heron Calherodius leuconotus25,000-100,000 [27] LC [27] Decrease2.svg [27] White-backed Night Heron (Gorsachius leuconotus) (6001840951).jpg
White-crested tiger-heron Tigrionrnis leucolopha25,000-100,000 [28] LC [28] Decrease2.svg [28] White-crested Tiger-Heron - Ankasa - Ghana 14 S4E2068 (16010535898).jpg
Black-faced ibis Theristicus melanopis25,000-100,000 [29] LC [29] Steady2.svg [29] Theristicus melanopis 1 Frank Vassen.jpg
Rufescent tiger-heron Tigrisoma lineatum50,000-499,999 [30] LC [30] Steady2.svg [30] Rufescent tiger heron (Tigrisoma lineatum).JPG
Red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda32 000 [31] LC [31] Steady2.svg [31] Minimum estimate. [31] Red-tailed Tropicbird RWD2.jpg
White-tailed tropicbird Phaethon lepturus50 000 [32] LC [32] Decrease2.svg [32] Minimum estimate. [32] White-tailed Tropicbird - Phaeton lepturus.jpg
Pinnated bittern Botaurus pinnatus50,000-499,999 [33] LC [33] Steady2.svg [33] Estimate is for mature individuals only. [33] Botaurus pinnatus Avetoro Pinnated Bittern (6265348630).jpg
Agami heron Agamia agami50,000-499,999 [34] NT [34] Unknown [34] Calculation may need to be revised. Actual global population may be smaller. [34] Agami Heron (Agamia agami).jpg
Bare-throated tiger-heron Tigrisoma mexicanum50,000-499,999 [35] LC [35] Decrease2.svg [35] Tigrisoma mexicanum 3.jpg
Green ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis50,000-499,999 [36] LC [36] Steady2.svg [36] Estimate is for mature individuals only. [36] Mesembrinibis cayennensis.jpg
Eurasian spoonbill Platelea leucorodia63,000-65,000 [37] LC [37] Unknown [37] European subpopulation includes 20,400-30,500 mature individuals. [37] Eurasian Spoonbill.jpg
Black bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis63,000-320,000 [38] LC [38] Decrease2.svg [38] Subpopulation at China is 100-100,000 breeding pairs. [38] Black Bittern- Warriewood Wetlands.jpg
Yellow bittern Ixobrychus sinensis100,000-1,000,000 [39] LC [39] Unknown [39] Ixobrychus sinensis - Bueng Boraphet.jpg
Straw-necked ibis Threskiornis spinicollis100,000-1,000,000 [40] LC [40] Decrease2.svg [40] Threskiornis spinicollis - Centenary Lakes.jpg
Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus100 000 – 1 000 000 [41] NT [41] Increase2.svg [41] Pelecanus thagus -Pan de Azucar National Park, Atacama Region, Chile -head-8.jpg
Eurasian bittern Botaurus stellaris115,000-340,000 [42] LC [42] Decrease2.svg [42] European subpopulation includes 75,300-133,000 mature individuals. [42] 2015-10-19 Botaurus stellaris, Gosforth Park 5.jpg
Cinnamon bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus130,000-2,000,000 [43] LC [43] Steady2.svg [43] Cinnamon bittern or chestnut bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg
American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos180 000 [44] LC [44] Increase2.svg [44] American White Pelican.jpg
African sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus200,000-450,000 [45] LC [45] Steady2.svg [45] Estimate is for mature individuals only. [45] Threskiornis aethiopicus -Mida Creek mud flats, Kenya-8.jpg
Spot-breasted ibis Bostrychia rara200,000-510,000 [46] LC [46] Decrease2.svg [46] Zwei Fleckenibisse in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo von Niklas Weber, Version b.jpg
Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus200,000-2,300,000 [47] LC [47] Decrease2.svg [47] This estimate involves the European subpopulation of 56,500-75,400 mature individuals. [47] Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus).jpg
White ibis Eudocimus albus210,000-360,000 [48] LC [48] Steady2.svg [48] Estimate is for mature individuals only. [48] Eudocimus albus (4111616588).jpg
Striated heron Butorides striata173,000-1,500,000 [49] LC [49] Steady2.svg [49] Butorides striata - Laem Pak Bia.jpg
Squacco heron Ardeola rallodies370,000-780,000 [50] LC [50] Steady2.svg [50] European subpopulation estimated at 30,000-51,700 mature individuals. [50] Common squacco heron (Ardeola ralloides) Ethiopia.jpg
Boat-billed heron Cochlearius cochlearius500,000-4,999,999 [51] LC [51] Decrease2.svg [51] Cochlearius cochlearius Cockscomb 03.JPG
Black-crowned night-heronNycticorax nycticorax570,000-3,730,000 [52] LC [52] Decrease2.svg [52] Subpopulations include 120,000-172,000 mature individuals in Europe. [52] Black-crowned night heron at Tennoji Park in Osaka, March 2016.jpg
Common little bittern Ixobrychus minutus630,000-1,110,000 [53] LC [53] Decrease2.svg [53] Estimate is for mature individuals only. Further validation is needed. [53] Ixobrychus minutus 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg
White-faced ibis Plegadis chihi1,200,000 [54] LC [54] Increase2.svg [54] Adult white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi)-4026.jpg

See also

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2018). "Geronticus eremita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697488A130895601. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697488a130895601.en .
  3. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2018). "Thaumatibis gigantea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697536A134200680. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697536a134200680.en .
  4. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2017). "Gorsachius magnificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22697232A117359084. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697232a117359084.en .
  5. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2018). "Nipponia nippon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697548A132069229. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697548a132069229.en .
  6. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2018). "Pseudibis davisoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697531A134189710. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697531a134189710.en .
  7. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2017). "Tigrisoma fasciatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22697264A118863107. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697264a118863107.en .
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  9. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Bostrychia carunculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697468A93615297. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697468a93615297.en .
  10. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2022). "Botaurus poiciloptilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T22697353A217377735. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22697353A217377735.en . Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  11. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Gorsachius melanolophus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697242A93604480. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697242a93604480.en .
  12. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2017). "Zonerodius heliosylus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22697274A117210228. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697274a117210228.en .
  13. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2021). "Threskiornis bernieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T22731855A196574917. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22731855a196574917.en .
  14. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Bostrychia olivacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697472A93615552. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697472a93615552.en .
  15. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2017). "Platalea minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22697568A119347801. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697568a119347801.en .
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  19. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Platalea alba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697564A93620935. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697564a93620935.en .
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  21. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Lophotibis cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697504A93617414. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697504a93617414.en .
  22. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Plegadis ridgwayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697429A93613504. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697429a93613504.en .
  23. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Cercibis oxycerca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697432A93613688. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697432a93613688.en .
  24. 1 2 3 BirdLife International. (2018) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Pelecanus crispus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697599A122838534. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22697599A122838534.en . Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  25. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2017). "Pelecanus philippensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22697604A117970266. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22697604A117970266.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  26. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Threskiornis melanocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697516A93618317. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697516a93618317.en .
  27. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018). "Calherodius leuconotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697226A130187384. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697226a130187384.en .
  28. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018). "Tigriornis leucolopha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697277A130188990. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697277a130188990.en .
  29. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2017). "Theristicus melanopis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22734000A112402190. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-1.rlts.t22734000a112402190.en .
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  31. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2020). "Phaethon rubricauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22696641A163889221. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696641A163889221.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  32. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2020). "Phaethon lepturus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22696645A163887639. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696645A163887639.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  33. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2021). "Botaurus pinnatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T22697343A163799916. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697343a163799916.en .
  34. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Agamia agami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697200A93602031. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697200a93602031.en .
  35. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018). "Tigrisoma mexicanum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697259A130188356. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697259a130188356.en .
  36. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2021). "Mesembrinibis cayennensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T22697460A163620132. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697460a163620132.en .
  37. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2019). "Platalea leucorodia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T22697555A155460986. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22697555a155460986.en .
  38. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Ixobrychus flavicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697334A93608997. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697334a93608997.en .
  39. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2016). "Ixobrychus sinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697303A93606843. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697303a93606843.en .
  40. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Threskiornis spinicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697525A129656213. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697525a129656213.en .
  41. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pelecanus thagus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697619A132596827. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697619A132596827.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  42. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2016). "Botaurus stellaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697346A86438000. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697346a86438000.en .
  43. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2016). "Ixobrychus cinnamomeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697323A93608162. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697323a93608162.en .
  44. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2016). "Pelecanus erythrorhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697611A93624242. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697611A93624242.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  45. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2018). "Threskiornis aethiopicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697510A132068562. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697510a132068562.en .
  46. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018). "Bostrychia rara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697484A130189528. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697484a130189528.en .
  47. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2019). "Plegadis falcinellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T22697422A155528413. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22697422a155528413.en .
  48. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2021). "Eudocimus albus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T22697411A188454802. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697411a188454802.en .
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  50. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2018). "Ardeola ralloides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697123A131940696. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697123a131940696.en .
  51. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018). "Cochlearius cochlearius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22697250A130187930. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697250a130187930.en .
  52. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2019) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Nycticorax nycticorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T22697211A155515762. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697211a155515762.en .
  53. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2019) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Ixobrychus minutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T22735766A155511258. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22735766a155511258.en .
  54. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2016). "Plegadis chihi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697426A93613243. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697426a93613243.en .
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