List of Piciformes by population

This is a list of Piciformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Piciformes have had their numbers quantified.

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 448 species of Piciformes, one of which is extinct. ^{[1] [2]} This list follows IUCN classifications for species names and taxonomy. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names and taxonomies are noted.

One member of Piciformes is extinct:

• Bermuda flicker (Colaptes oceanicus) - likely went extinct by mid-17th century. ^[3]

Species by global population

Common name	Binomial name	Population	Status	Trend	Notes	Image
Imperial woodpecker	Campephilus imperialis	1-49 [4]	CR [4]	? [4]	May be extinct. Last confirmed record from 1956. [4]
Ivory-billed woodpecker	Campephilus principalis	1-49 [5]	CR [5]	? [5]	May be extinct. Last confirmed record from 1944. [5]
Okinawa woodpecker	Dendrocopos noguchii	75-400 [6]	EN [6]	[6]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 100-300. [6]
Scarlet-banded barbet	Capito wallacei	250-999 [7]	VU [7]	[7]
White-rumped woodpecker (Zebra woodpecker)	Meiglyptes tristis	250-1,000 [8]	EN [8]	[8]
Fernandina's flicker	Colaptes fernandinae	600-800 [9]	EN [9]	[9]
Helmeted woodpecker	Celeus galeatus	700-21,000 [10]	VU [10]	[10]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 3,600.
Sira barbet	Capito fitzpatricki	1,000-2,499 [11]	NT [11]	[11]
Andaman woodpecker	Dryocopus hodgei	1,000-2,499 [12]	VU [12]	[12]
Knysna woodpecker	Campethera notata	1,000-3,300 [13]	NT [13]	[13]	Total population is estimated to be 1,500-5,000 individuals.
Yellow-faced flameback	Chrysocolaptes xanthocephalus	1,100-5,500 [14]	EN [14]	[14]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 1,100-2,200. [14]
Three-toed jacamar	Jacamaralcyon tridactyla	1,300-5,400 [15]	NT [15]	[15]	Total population is estimated to be 1,962-8,028 individuals. [15]
Sulu pygmy woodpecker	Picoides ramsayi	2,000-10,000 [16]	VU [16]	[16]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,000-5,000. [16]
Yellow-browed toucanet	Aulacorhynchus huallagae	2,500-9,999 [17]	NT [17]	[17]
Sumatran woodpecker	Picus dedemi	2,500-9,999 [18]	NT [18]	[18]
Zambian barbet (Chaplin's barbet)	Lybius chaplini	4,500-5,200 [19]	VU [19]	[19]
Red-headed flameback	Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus	5,000-7,500 [20]	NT [20]	[20]	Total population is estimated to be 7,500-11,250 individuals. [20]
Red-faced barbet	Lybius rubrifacies	5,000-10,000 [21]	NT [21]	[21]
Southern sooty woodpecker	Mulleripicus fuliginosus	5,000-10,000 [22]	VU [22]	[22]
Javan flameback	Chrysocolaptes strictus	5,000-20,000 [23]	NT [23]	[23]
Blue-chinned barbet (Versicolored barbet)	Eubucco glaucogularis	5,000-40,000 [24]	NT [24]	[24]	Note than IUCN/BirdLife International splits versicolored barbet into three distinct species: blue-chinned, blue-cowled, and blue-moustached barbets. [25] IOC maintains all three species within versicolored barbet (E. versicolor). [1]
Kaempfer's woodpecker	Celeus obrieni	6,000 [26]	VU [26]	[26]
Five-coloured barbet	Capito quinticolor	6,000-10,000 [27]	NT [27]	[27]
Spot-throated flameback	Dinopium everetti	6,600-20,000 [28]	NT [28]	[28]	Total population is estimated to be 9,400-28,000 individuals. [28]
Sooty-capped puffbird	Nystactes noanamae	8,000 [29]	NT [29]	[29]	Total population is estimated to be 12,000 individuals. [29]
Plate-billed mountain toucan	Andigena laminirostris	10,000-19,999 [30]	NT [30]	[30]
Arabian woodpecker	Dendroptes dorae	10,000-19,999 [31]	NT [31]	[31]	IUCN/BirdLife International maintain this species in genus Dendropicos.
White-mantled barbet	Capito hypoleucus	10,000-19,999 [32]	LC [32]	[32]
Javan yellownape (Checker-throated woodpecker)	Chrysophlegma mentale	10,000-20,000 [33]	LC [33]	[33]
Great slaty woodpecker	Mulleripicus pulverulentus	10,000-70,000 [34]	VU [34]	[34]
Guadeloupe woodpecker	Melanerpes herminieri	16,000 [35]	LC [35]	[35]	Total population is estimated to be 24,000 individuals. [35]
Red-cockaded woodpecker	Leuconotopicus borealis	19,000 [36]	NT [36]	[36]
Toucan barbet	Semnornis ramphastinus	20,000-49,999 [37]	NT [37]	[37]
Dusky-backed jacamar	Brachygalba salmoni	20,000-49,999 [38]	LC [38]	[38]
Grey-crowned woodpecker	Colaptes auricularis	20,000-49,999 [39]	LC [39]	[39]
Blue-cowled barbet (Versicolored barbet)	Eubucco steerii	20,000-49,999 [40]	LC [40]	[40]	Note than IUCN/BirdLife International splits versicolored barbet into three distinct species: blue-chinned, blue-cowled, and blue-moustached barbets. [25] IOC maintains all three species within versicolored barbet (E. versicolor). [1]
Strickland's woodpecker	Leuconotopicus stricklandi	20,000-49,999 [41]	LC [41]	[41]
Grey-breasted woodpecker	Melanerpes hypopolius	20,000-49,999 [42]	LC [42]	[42]
Golden-naped woodpecker	Melanerpes chrysauchen	20,000-49,999 [43]	LC [43]	[43]
Grey-cheeked nunlet	Nonnula frontalis	20,000-49,999 [44]	LC [44]	[44]
Stripe-cheeked woodpecker	Piculus callopterus	20,000-49,999 [45]	LC [45]	[45]
Prong-billed barbet	Semnornis frantzii	20,000-49,999 [46]	LC [46]	[46]
Grey-breasted mountain toucan	Andigena hypoglauca	25,000-77,000 [47]	LC [47]	[47]	Total population is estimated to be 36,800-114,400 individuals. [47]
Guayaquil woodpecker	Campephilus gayaquilensis	25,000-150,000 [48]	LC [48]	[48]
Orange-fronted barbet	Capito squamatus	37,000-63,000 [49]	LC [49]	[49]
Brown-chested barbet	Capito brunneipectus	37,000-265,000 [50]	LC [50]	[50]
Coppery-chested jacamar	Galbula pastazae	42,000 [51]	LC [51]	[51]
Yellow-browed woodpecker	Piculus aurulentus	50,000-100,000 [52]	LC [52]	[52]
Keel-billed toucan	Ramphastos sulfuratus	50,000-499,999 [53]	NT [53]	[53]
Pale-billed woodpecker	Campephilus guatemalensis	50,000-499,999 [54]	LC [54]	[54]
Spot-crowned barbet	Capito maculicoronatus	50,000-499,999 [55]	LC [55]	[55]
Chestnut-colored woodpecker	Celeus castaneus	50,000-499,999 [56]	LC [56]	[56]
Cinnamon woodpecker	Celeus loricatus	50,000-499,999 [57]	LC [57]	[57]
Smoky-brown woodpecker	Leuconotopicus fumigatus	50,000-499,999 [58]	LC [58]	[58]
White-whiskered puffbird	Malacoptila panamensis	50,000-499,999 [59]	LC [59]	[59]
Golden-cheeked woodpecker	Melanerpes chrysogenys	50,000-499,999 [60]	LC [60]	[60]
Hoffmann's woodpecker	Melanerpes hoffmannii	50,000-499,999 [61]	LC [61]	[61]
Black-cheeked woodpecker	Melanerpes pucherani	50,000-499,999 [62]	LC [62]	[62]
Yucatan woodpecker	Melanerpes pygmaeus	50,000-499,999 [63]	LC [63]	[63]
Lanceolated monklet	Micromonacha lanceolata	50,000-499,999 [64]	LC [64]	[64]
Black-breasted puffbird	Notharchus pectoralis	50,000-499,999 [65]	LC [65]	[65]
Barred puffbird	Nystalus radiatus	50,000-499,999 [66]	LC [66]	[66]
Rufous-winged woodpecker	Piculus simplex	50,000-499,999 [67]	LC [67]	[67]
Fiery-billed araçari	Pteroglossus frantzii	50,000-499,999 [68]	LC [68]	[68]
Yellow-eared toucanet	Selenidera spectabilis	50,000-499,999 [69]	LC [69]	[69]
Lewis's woodpecker	Melanerpes lewis	53,000-120,000 [70]	LC [70]	[70]
Greater crescent-chested puffbird (Crescent-chested puffbird)	Malacoptila striata	72,000-129,000 [71]	LC [71]	[71]	Total population is estimated to be 107,000 - 193,000 individuals. [71] Note that IUCN/BirdLife International split crescent-chested puffbird into greater and lesser crescent-chested puffbird (M. minor; unknown population). [25] IOC maintains both species within M. striata. [2]
Saffron toucanet	Pteroglossus bailloni	100,000-499,999 [72]	NT [72]	[72]
Arizona woodpecker	Leuconotopicus arizonae	200,000 [73]	LC [73]	[73]
Williamson's sapsucker	Sphyrapicus thyroideus	210,000-400,000 [74]	LC [74]	[74]
White-headed woodpecker	Leuconotopicus albolarvatus	240,000 [75]	LC [75]	[75]
Iberian green woodpecker	Picus sharpei	488,000-938,000 [76]	LC [76]	[76]
Spot-breasted woodpecker	Colaptes punctigula	500,000-4,999,999 [77]	LC [77]	[77]
Red-headed barbet	Eubucco bourcierii	500,000-4,999,999 [78]	LC [78]	[78]
Rufous-tailed jacamar	Galbula ruficauda	500,000-4,999,999 [79]	LC [79]	[79]
Great jacamar	Jacamerops aureus	500,000-4,999,999 [80]	LC [80]	[80]
Red-crowned woodpecker	Melanerpes rubricapillus	500,000-4,999,999 [81]	LC [81]	[81]
White-necked puffbird	Notharchus hyperrhynchus	500,000-4,999,999 [82]	LC [82]	[82]
Golden-green woodpecker	Piculus chrysochloros	500,000-4,999,999 [83]	LC [83]	[83]
Olivaceous piculet	Picumnus olivaceus	500,000-4,999,999 [84]	LC [84]	[84]
Yellow-throated toucan	Ramphastos ambiguus	500,000-4,999,999 [85]	LC [85]	[85]
Red-rumped woodpecker	Veniliornis kirkii	500,000-4,999,999 [86]	LC [86]	[86]
Ochraceous piculet	Picumnus limae	600,000-700,000 [87]	LC [87]	[87]	Total population is estimated to be 1.0 million individuals. [87]
Middle spotted woodpecker	Dendrocoptes medius	600,000-1,399,999 [88]	LC [88]	[88]	IUCN/BirdLife International maintain this species in genus Leiopicus.
Gilded flicker	Colaptes chrysoides	770,000 [89]	LC [89]	[89]
Syrian woodpecker	Dendrocopos syriacus	806,000-1,930,000 [90]	LC [90]	? [90]
Nuttall's woodpecker	Dryobates nuttallii	850,000 [91]	LC [91]	[91]
Grey-faced woodpecker (Grey-headed woodpecker)	Picus canus	913,000-1,520,000 [92]	LC [92]	[92]	Note that IUCN/BirdLife International use the common name "grey-headed woodpecker" to refer to Dendropicos spodocephalus, or eastern grey woodpecker. [93]
Eurasian green woodpecker (European green woodpecker)	Picus viridis	1,260,000-2,160,000 [94]	LC [94]	[94]
White-backed woodpecker	Dendrocopos leucotos	1,320,000-3,350,000 [95]	LC [95]	[95]
Gila woodpecker	Melanerpes uropygialis	1,500,000 [96]	LC [96]	[96]
Black-backed woodpecker	Picoides arcticus	1,700,000 [97]	LC [97]	[97]
Red-headed woodpecker	Melanerpes erythrocephalus	1,800,000 [98]	LC [99]	[99]	While IUCN/BirdLife International do not report a population estimate, a population estimate for mature individuals is available from Partners in Flight. [98]
Red-naped sapsucker	Sphyrapicus nuchalis	2,000,000 [100]	LC [100]	[100]
Lesser spotted woodpecker	Dryobates minor	2,100,000-4,799,999 [101]	LC [101]	[101]
Red-breasted sapsucker	Sphyrapicus ruber	2,300,000 [102]	LC [102]	[102]
Pileated woodpecker	Dryocopus pileatus	2,600,000 [103]	LC [103]	[103]	IUCN/BirdLife International maintain this species in genus Hylatomus.
Black woodpecker	Dryocopus martius	3,540,000-6,490,000 [104]	LC [104]	[104]
Eurasian wryneck	Jynx torquilla	3,980,000-7,600,000 [105]	LC [105]	[105]
Three-toed woodpecker	Picoides tridactylus	4,010,000-4,950,000 [106]	LC [106]	? [106]	Note that IOC taxonomy splits this species into Eurasian and American three-toed woodpecker (P.dorsalis). [2] IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within P. tridactylus. [25]
Crimson-crested woodpecker	Campephilus melanoleucos	5,000,000-50,000,000 [107]	LC [107]	[107]
Lineated woodpecker	Hylatomus lineatus	5,000,000-50,000,000 [108]	LC [108]	[108]
White-fronted nunbird	Monasa morphoeus	5,000,000-50,000,000 [109]	LC [109]	[109]
Golden-fronted woodpecker	Melanerpes aurifrons	5,300,000 [110]	LC [110]	[110]
Ladder-backed woodpecker	Dryobates scalaris	5,500,000 [111]	LC [111]		Note that banner population estimate on IUCN reference is for U.S. & Canada only.
Acorn woodpecker	Melanerpes formicivorus	7,500,000 [112]	LC [112]	[112]	Note that banner population estimate on IUCN reference is for U.S. & Canada only.
Hairy woodpecker	Leuconotopicus villosus	8,900,000 [113]	LC [113]	[113]
Yellow-shafted flicker (Northern flicker)	Colaptes auratus	12,000,000 [114]	LC [114]	[114]	Note that IUCN/BirdLife International split northern flicker into yellow- and red-shafted flicker (C. cafer; unknown population). [25] IOC maintains both species within C. auratus. [2]
Downy woodpecker	Dryobates pubescens	13,000,000 [115]	LC [115]	[115]
Yellow-bellied sapsucker	Sphyrapicus varius	14,000,000 [116]	LC [116]	[116]
Red-bellied woodpecker	Melanerpes carolinus	14,000,000-17,000,000 [117]	LC [117]	[117]
Great spotted woodpecker	Dendrocopos major	49,000,000-78,000,000 [118]	LC [118]	[118]

Species without population estimates

Common name	Binomial name	Population	Status	Trend	Notes	Image
Black-bodied woodpecker	Hylatomus schulzii	unknown [119]	NT [119]	[119]
Speckle-chested piculet	Picumnus steindachneri	unknown [120]	NT [120]	[120]
Emerald toucanet	Aulacorhynchus prasinus	unknown [121]	LC [121]	[121]
Golden-olive woodpecker	Colaptes rubiginosus	unknown [122]	LC [122]	[122]
Blue-moustached barbet	Eubucco versicolor	unknown [123]	LC [123]	[123]	Note than IUCN/BirdLife International splits versicolored barbet into three distinct species: blue-chinned, blue-cowled, and blue-moustached barbets. [25] IOC maintains all three species within versicolored barbet (E. versicolor). [1]

See also

• Biology portal
• Birds portal

• Lists of birds by population
• Lists of organisms by population

References

1. "Jacamars, puffbirds, barbets, toucans, honeyguides – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
2. "Woodpeckers – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
3. BirdLife International (2022). "Colaptes oceanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T62322970A208124384. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T62322970A208124384.en .
4. BirdLife International (2020). "Campephilus imperialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681417A179185354. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681417A179185354.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
5. BirdLife International (2020). "Campephilus principalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681425A182588014. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681425A182588014.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
6. BirdLife International (2024). "Dendrocopos noguchii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22681531A269626123. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22681531A269626123.en .
7. BirdLife International (2023). "Capito wallacei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22729471A223354978. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22729471A223354978.en .
8. BirdLife International (2025). "Meiglyptes tristis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22727198A273765197. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22727198A273765197.en .
9. BirdLife International (2021). "Colaptes fernandinae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22681293A179186511. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22681293A179186511.en .
10. BirdLife International. (2020). "Hylatomus galeatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681360A177522676. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681360A177522676.en . Retrieved 26 August 2025.
11. BirdLife International (2020). "Capito fitzpatricki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T45359950A179374196. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T45359950A179374196.en .
12. BirdLife International (2017). "Dryocopus hodgei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22681379A118582685. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22681379A118582685.en .
13. BirdLife International (2017). "Campethera notata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22680910A118435157. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22680910A118435157.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
14. BirdLife International (2025). "Chrysocolaptes xanthocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22726572A210185707. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22726572A210185707.en .
15. BirdLife International (2020). "Jacamaralcyon tridactyla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682186A153924733. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682186A153924733.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
16. BirdLife International (2025). "Picoides ramsayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22681052A273877341. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22681052A273877341.en .
17. BirdLife International (2023). "Aulacorhynchus huallagae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22681981A221630107. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22681981A221630107.en .
18. BirdLife International (2023). "Picus dedemi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22726521A226542089. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22726521A226542089.en .
19. BirdLife International (2025). "Lybius chaplini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22681832A260801167. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22681832A260801167.en .
20. BirdLife International (2022). "Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22726579A209908946. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22726579A209908946.en .
21. BirdLife International (2025). "Lybius rubrifacies". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22681837A259161801. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22681837A259161801.en .
22. BirdLife International (2023). "Mulleripicus fuliginosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22727234A231681827. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22727234A231681827.en .
23. BirdLife International (2024). "Chrysocolaptes strictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22726560A241830279. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22726560A241830279.en .
24. BirdLife International (2021). "Eubucco glaucogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22727080A174138814. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22727080A174138814.en .
25. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Digital Checklist of the Birds of the World: Version 10. BirdLife International. October 2025.
26. BirdLife International (2018). "Celeus obrieni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22731646A131330745. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22731646A131330745.en .
27. BirdLife International (2020). "Capito quinticolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681920A180503387. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681920A180503387.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
28. BirdLife International (2023). "Dinopium everetti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22727192A226546716. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22727192A226546716.en .
29. BirdLife International (2021). "Nystactes noanamae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22682255A179372335. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22682255A179372335.en .
30. BirdLife International (2023). "Andigena laminirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22682050A217847986. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22682050A217847986.en .
31. BirdLife International. (2017). "Dendropicos dorae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22681095A119106114. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22681095A119106114.en . Retrieved 26 August 2025.
32. BirdLife International (2023). "Capito hypoleucus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22681914A223344582. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22681914A223344582.en .
33. BirdLife International (2025). "Chrysophlegma mentale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T62049548A273958880. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T62049548A273958880.en .
34. BirdLife International (2023). "Mulleripicus pulverulentus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22681585A241500854. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22681585A241500854.en .
35. BirdLife International (2019). "Melanerpes herminieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T22680804A153884262. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22680804A153884262.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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48. BirdLife International (2022). "Campephilus gayaquilensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22681408A172054663. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22681408A172054663.en .
49. BirdLife International (2020). "Capito squamatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681911A180498468. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681911A180498468.en .
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51. BirdLife International (2022). "Galbula pastazae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22682206A209328844. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22682206A209328844.en .
52. BirdLife International (2025). "Piculus aurulentus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22681246A277476699. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22681246A277476699.en .
53. BirdLife International (2021). "Ramphastos sulfuratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22682102A168670038. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22682102A168670038.en .
54. BirdLife International (2020). "Campephilus guatemalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681402A140973431. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681402A140973431.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
55. BirdLife International (2020). "Capito maculicoronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681908A163576047. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681908A163576047.en .
56. BirdLife International. (2020). "Celeus castaneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681327A140988137. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681327A140988137.en . Retrieved 26 August 2025.
57. BirdLife International (2020). "Celeus loricatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681317A140990118. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681317A140990118.en .
58. BirdLife International. (2020). "Leuconotopicus fumigatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681193A141047835. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681193A141047835.en . Retrieved 26 August 2025.
59. BirdLife International (2020). "Malacoptila panamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682292A152233419. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682292A152233419.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
60. BirdLife International (2020). "Melanerpes chrysogenys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22680840A168644246. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22680840A168644246.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
61. BirdLife International (2020). "Melanerpes hoffmannii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22680865A168648733. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22680865A168648733.en .
62. BirdLife International (2020). "Melanerpes pucherani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22680816A152197151. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22680816A152197151.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
63. BirdLife International (2020). "Melanerpes pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22680847A152236342. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22680847A152236342.en .
64. BirdLife International (2020). "Micromonacha lanceolata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682298A167875309. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682298A167875309.en .
65. BirdLife International (2020). "Notharchus pectoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682240A167869450. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682240A167869450.en .
66. BirdLife International (2020). "Nystalus radiatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682261A167866969. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682261A167866969.en .
67. BirdLife International (2020). "Piculus simplex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681228A141041150. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681228A141041150.en .
68. BirdLife International (2022). "Pteroglossus frantzii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22682028A168668139.
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71. BirdLife International (2020). "Malacoptila striata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T45359046A173358004. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T45359046A173358004.en .
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80. BirdLife International (2020). "Jacamerops aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682224A163587524. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682224A163587524.en .
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102. BirdLife International (2018). "Sphyrapicus ruber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22680874A130036416. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680874A130036416.en .
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104. BirdLife International (2024). "Dryocopus martius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22681382A264542554. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22681382A264542554.en .
105. BirdLife International (2025). "Jynx torquilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22680683A157474468. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680683A157474468.en .
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109. BirdLife International (2020). "Monasa morphoeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22682331A167878375. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682331A167878375.en .
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111. BirdLife International (2024). "Dryobates scalaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22681152A264594002. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22681152A264594002.en .
112. BirdLife International (2024). "Melanerpes formicivorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22680813A264597214. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680813A264597214.en .
113. BirdLife International (2020). "Leuconotopicus villosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22681166A141046523. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681166A141046523.en .
114. BirdLife International (2025). "Colaptes auratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22726404A141035746. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22726404A141035746.en .
115. BirdLife International (2025). "Dryobates pubescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22681155A141048303. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22681155A141048303.en .
116. BirdLife International (2025). "Sphyrapicus varius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22680868A152410836. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680868A152410836.en .
117. BirdLife International (2024). "Melanerpes carolinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22680856A264595779. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680856A264595779.en .
118. BirdLife International (2025). "Dendrocopos major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22681124A280946929. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22681124A280946929.en .
119. BirdLife International. (2022). "Hylatomus schulzii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22681373A136694900. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22681373A136694900.en . Retrieved 26 August 2025.
120. BirdLife International (2023). "Picumnus steindachneri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22680733A221443253. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22680733A221443253.en .
121. BirdLife International (2022). "Aulacorhynchus prasinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22726170A168664135.
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